APAH REVIEW
PART II
Mannerism
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•Madonna With the Long
Neck
•by Parmigianino, 1535
•Small oval head, long
slender neck, long fingers
•Exaggeration
•Consciously ambiguous
form and content
Late Gothic
•Arnolfini Wedding
•by Jan Van Eyck
•1434
•Almost every object
portrayed sanctity
•Symbolism
•Record to sanctify
marriage
•Dog: Fidelity, Shoe:
Holy Ground
•Candle= Jesus
Northern Renaissance
•Adam and Eve
•by Albrecht Durer, 1504
•Printmaking, engraving
•Human proportions
based on Greek
sculpture
•Detailed flora, fauna
•Northern symbolism
Baroque in Italy
•Calling of Saint
Matthew by
Caravaggio
•1600
•Conversion of Levi
•Jesus’s hand like
Michelangelo’s
Adam
•Piercing ray of
light = Divine
•Chiaroscuro
Baroque in Spain
•Las Meninas by
Velázquez
•1656
•Artist in studio
•Optical & narrative
complexity
•Represented form
and shadow
•Tonal graduations:
dark to light
Baroque in Flanders/Holland
•The Anatomy Lesson of Dr.
Tulp by Rembrandt Van Rijn
•1632
•Evenly placed
subjects
•Corpse: Diagonally
placed and
foreshortened
•Student poses and
expressions show
personality
•Use of light
Baroque in France/England
•Burial of Phocion
•by Poussin, 1648
•Athenian general
burial
•Light: Even and
revealing
•Landscape is nature
subordinated to a
rational plan
•Skies untroubled
•Noble classicism
Rococo
•Return from Cythera
•Watteau, 1719
•Fete galante
•Feathery
brushstrokes
•Rubiniste color
•Exquisite shades of
color
•Young lovers, island
of eternal youth
Rococo
•The Swing by Frangonard
•1766
•Characteristics:
•“Intrigue” picture
•Landscape setting is
out of Watteau
•Glowing pastel colors
and soft light
•Convey the scene’s
sensuality
Later China
•Stalks of Bamboo by a
Rock
•Wu Zhen, 1347
•Ink on paper, handscroll
•Style= literati
•plants differentiated
•Abstract patterns in stalks,
leaves
•Calligraphic beauty of the
strokes combined with
calligraphy writing
•Bamboo=symbol of gentleman
Later Japan
•Katsura Imperial Villa
•Kyoto, Japan, c.1650
•Edo period
•Relies on subtleties of
proportion, colors, &
textures
•Achieves harmony with
nature & garden
•Rooms have sliding doors
Interior
Later Japan
•Cuckoo Flying Over New
Verdure by Yosa Busan
•Late 18th Century
•Characteristics:
•Fully Mature Style
•Chinese and Japanese literati
style by rounding the
landscape forms
Later Oceania
•Bisj Poles
•Early to Mid 20th Century
•Characteristics:
•Served as a pledge to
avenge a relative’s death
•Head-hunting raid
•Decorated with figures
of individuals who have
already died
Later North America
•Katsina Figurine by Otto
Pentewa
•1959, Hopi Indians
•Supernatural spirits
•Rain bringing deity who
wears a mask painted in
geometric patterns
symbolic of water and
agriculture fertility
Later Mesoamerica
•Illuminated page from
Borgia Codex
•1400-1500
•Characteristics:
•Two vividly
gesticulating gods
•Ritual subjects
•God of life = black
Quetzalcoatl
Later South America
•Machu Picchu
•15th Century
•One of the world’s most awe-inspiring sights
•Inka people= great architects
•Fits into landscape
•Large cut stones, terraced hillside
Later Africa
•Mbulu-nbulu Reliquary
Guardian Figure
•19th Century or Early
20th Century
•Characteristic:
•Severely stylized
body said to have
repelled evil
•Heads simplified
•Geometric ridges
borders
Later Africa
•Seated Couple
•Dogon people, Mali, Africa
•C.1825, wood, 2.5 ft h.
•Shrine or altar
•Gender roles prominent
•Hunter & child bearer
•Sexual body parts prominent
•Conceptual image, abstract
Neoclassicism
•Oath of the Horatii by David -1784
•Conflicts between heart and patriotism
•Men= crisp edges, light & shadow
•Women= softer
•Classical motifs, e.g perspective, arches
Romanticism (Spanish)
•The Third of May
1808 by Goya
•1808
•Use of light to
highlight martyred
Spanish rebel
•French troops
•Dark sky & church
Romanticism
(French)
• Raft of the
Medusa by
Gericault
•1818-1819
•Actual historical, tragic event
•2 triangles, despair and hope
•Emotionally charged
•Strong lighting and diagonals
•Gericault and abolitionist –anti-slavery
Realism
• The
Stonebreakers
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1849
Gustave Courbet
Social commentary
Somber colors, use of
lines
• Subject= real life
• Workers with dignity
Realism/Pre Impressionism
•Le Dejeuner Sur L’Herbe
Luncheon on the Grass
•by Manet, 1863
•Identifiable persons
•Broadly painted the
landscape-painterly
•Soft focus, strong
contrasts, flattened
•Allusions to previous
works/artists,
e.g.Giorgione
Impressionism
Moulin de la Galette
1876 by Renoir
•Subject= urban leisure
•Informal composition, not
centered
•Dappled sunlight
•effects of colors
•Soft brushwork
Post Impressionism
•Starry Night
•by Van Gough, 1889
•Used color to express himself
•Communicated the vastness of the universe
•With the turbulent brush strokes, the color
suggests a quiet but persuasive depiction
Post-Impressionism
• Mt Sainte-Victoire
• By Cezanne, 1904
• Made Impressionism
“durable”
• Order presentation of lines,
• planes, & colors
• Equally stressed bkgrnd &
foregrnd
• Juxtaposed colors
• Clearly defined planes
Symbolism
•The Cry (Scream)
by Munch
•1893
•Emotionally
powerful
•alienation
•Departs
significantly
from a visual
reality
Art
Nouveau
•Casa Milá
•by Gaudi, 1907
•Architecture as sculpture
•Free-form, organic mass
•Expressionistic
•Undulating lines
Fauvism
•Red Room by
Matisse
•1908-1909
•Everyday scene= genre scene
•Color = Warmth
•Colors contrast richly and intensely
•Depicts objects in simplified and schematized
fashion and flattening out form – no depth
German Expressionism
• Fate of the
Animals
•by Marc
•1913
•Entire scene is distorted- Shattered into fragments
•Colors of severity and brutality of war’s anguish/tragedy
•Member of Die Blaue Reiter
•Like Analytical Cubism
Futurism
•Unique Forms of
Continuity in Space
•by Boccioni, 1913
•Formal and spatial
effects on motion
•Forms integrated w
surrounding space
•Nude, powerful,
velocity
•Response to Cubism
Suprematism
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Suprematist Composition:
Airplane Flying
By Malevich, 1915
Simple rectangular forms
Pure idealism of forms
Wanted to free art from
burdens of the object
• Russian movement
Constructivism
• Monument to 3rd
International
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By Tatlin, 1920
Honors 1917 Russian Revo
Abstract art=new society
Iron, glass model
Axis pointed to star Polaris
3 rotating chambers, ea w/
different purpose & rotation
Precisionism
•My Egypt
•by Charles Demuth
•1927
•Grain elevators
reduced to simple
geometric forms
•American pyramids?
•Fragmented using
Cubism vocabulary
Dadaism
•Fountain
•By Marcel Duchamp
•Orig= 1917
•Readymade (urinal)
•Anti-art statement
•“R. Mutt” =Pseudonym
•Changes context of art
and challenges viewers
•Intellectual art
Analytic Cubism
• Ma Jolie, 1912
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By Pablo Picasso
“My Pretty One”
Shifting browns, grays
Shatters objects into
parts/facets
• Rearranged elements
• Included letters, words
• Co-founded with
Georges Braque
•Still Life With
Chair- Caning
by Picasso
•1912
•Chair
seems real
•Painted
and abstract
areas don’t
refer to
tangible
objects of
the real
world
Synthetic Cubism
INTERNATIONAL STYLE
ARCHITECTURE
• Villa Savoye
• By Le Corbusier, France,
1929
• “Machine for living”
• Boxlike abstract forms of a
house
• Lifted off ground by pilotis
• 3 floors all related
• Machined smooth panels
Organic Architecture
• Robie House
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By Frank Lloyd Wright
1909, Chicago
Emphasis= horizontality
Low roof lines
Japanese aesthetic
influence
• Cantilever construction
• Free flowing interior spaces
Falling Water, 1939
Surrealism
•The Persistence
of Memory
•by Dali, 1931
•Allegory of
empty
space/time
•Vast land,
beach
•Attempt to make
it convincingly
real
American Regionalism
•Nighthawks
By Edward Hopper, 1907
•Depression era
•Motion stopped, time suspended
•Evokes loneliness of modern man
Abstract Expressionism
•No. 1
•Lavender Mist
•By Jackson Pollock
•1950
•Splattered, dripped
•Action painting
•All-over painting
• Connects to
Surrealism
Color Field Painting
•Blue, Orange, and
Red by Rothko, 1961
•Spiritual portal
•Interested in the
relation between
one color and
another
•No evidence of
brushstrokes
•Stained canvas
OP Art
•Three Flags by Jasper Johns
•1958
•Characteristics:
•One of the first to rebel against abstract Expressionism
by returning recognizable imagery to art
Pop Art
Marilyn Diptych by Andy Warhol, 1962
Celebrities as commodities
Garish colors, flat application of paint
Right side evokes film strips
Silkscreening
Photorealism
•Big Self Portrait
•By Chuck Close, 1968
•Superrealism
•Based on photographs
•Real, nonflattering
•Methodical, grid approach
•Not interested in
providing insight, just
visual accuracy
Neo Expressionism
•The Walk Home
•By Julian Schnabel, 1985
•Mixed media, reaction against conceptual art
•Story of king ambushed on “walk home”
•Explores gestural abstraction
Post Modernism/Feminist Art
•The Dinner Party
• by Judy Chicago, 1979
•A feminist Last
Supper
•Intended to interest
worship of the female
•Triangle symbolizes
woman/goddess
•Invited: Georgia
O’Keefe, Virginia
Wolfe, Sacagawea,
Susan B. Anthony
Earth Art
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Spiral Jetty
By Smithson, 1970
Great Salt Lake
Coil of black basalt,
rocks, earth
• Echoes spiral forms
• of microbes in lake
• Enduring power of nature
Postmodern Architecture
Portland Building
By Michael Graves, 1980
Block mass with decorated
facades
Surface ornament & color
have returned to
architecture
Deconstructive Architecture
• Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain
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By Frank Gehry, 1997
Fragmentation, dislocation
Manipulating surfaces to distort forms
Unpredictable, chaotic