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Chapter 1
American Pageant (13 th ed.)

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Land bridge connected
Asia to North America
(thank you, Ice Age)
People migrated all the way to South America
Notables include:
– Incas
– Mayans
– Aztecs
Native American cultures emerged in
North America

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Vikings in 1000 AD
(Newfoundland)
Crusades occur in
Europe & Asia; curiosity ignited
Portugal leads the way in exploration & exploitation
The slave trade begins in 1450s & flourishes due to sugar…yep, sugar!
 And, then
Spain enters the picture…

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Christopher Columbus: a successful failure?
The Columbian
Exchange
Treaty of Tordesillas
(1494)
Kept Spain & Portugal friendly
– Portugal & Spain divided the New World
– North-South line, chopped off Brazil and
Portugal got land east, including parts of Africa

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 Balboa: discovered
Pacific through isthmus of Panama
 De Soto: Discovered
Mississippi River
 Magellan: 1 st to circumnavigate the globe (kind of…)
 Pizarro: Conquers
Incas and takes Peru
 De Leon: Discovered
Florida; Fountain of
Youth
 Coronado: Found
Pueblo Indians looking for El Dorado (city of gold)

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 Conquistadors transformed the world economy
 Encomienda established
– Indians given to colonists in return for
Christianization of population
– Basically glorified slavery disguised as religious work

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Hernando Cortes conquers Aztecs
Aztec King Montezuma at first welcomed
Cortes as god
Quetzalcoatl
Smallpox took out
Aztecs
Mexico’s future set

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Spanish forts set up to protect their
“investment”
St. Augustine, Florida
(oldest continually inhabited European settlement)
Don Juan de Onate conquered New Mexico at the Battle of Acoma
(1599)
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Pueblos revolted against Spanish rule in
1680
– Pope’s Rebellion saw
Pueblos burn every
Catholic Church and kill settlers
Spanish eventually reclaimed New Mexico in 1700s

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