Muscular System
Review of new terms and some extra terms
Review

Ton/o


Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o


movement
Fasci/o


tendon
Kinesi/o


Tonicity or tone
fascia
-cele

Hernia
What’s the rule for combining
forms of words?

When the suffix begins with a consonant use the
combining vowel - /o

When the suffix begins with a vowels don’t use the
combining vowel - /o

Fasci/o and –itis

fasciitis
Prefixes that number

A

Bi

3
Quadr/i or Quadr/o


2
Tri

No, or none
4
Poly
many
Dys
Bad

Difficult

Painful

Dystonia

Condition of abnormal or bad muscle tone
ROM or Range of Motion

Abduction

Pronation

Adduction

Dorsiflexion

Flexion

Plantar flexion

Extension

Elevation

Depression

Rotation-turns a bone on
its own axis

Circumduction

Supination
Antagonists
 Abduction
 Adduction
 Flexion
 Extension
 Pronation
 Supination
 Dorsiflexion
 Plantar
flexion
 Elevation
 Depression
 Hyper Hypo
New Word Parts

Word parts for muscle direction
 Oblique
 Angled
 Rectus
 straight
 Transverse
 crosswise
 Sphincter
 Ring-like
Brady 
Slow
New Word Parts
 -trophy
 Growth
or development
 Fibr/o
 Fiber,
connective tissue
 -paresis
 Partial
or incomplete
paralysis
Muscle Nomenclature
Muscles are named for their;

Location-external oblique, pectoralis, lateralis

Origin & Insertion – brachioradialis, occipitofrontal

Number of divisions – biceps, triceps

Function – ulnar flexor (flexes the wrist), buccinator
(the cheek muscle used to blow a trumpet)
Muscles are named for their;

Size – vastus medialis

Shape – deltoid

Orientation – rectus abdominus (the straight muscle of
the abdomen), orbicularis oris (the circular muscle
around the mouth)
Adjectives to Describe
Muscles
Muscle Adjectives

Externus – exterior

Orbicularis – around

Gracilis – slender

Quadratus – square

Lateralis-to the side

Rectus - straight

Latissimus – wide


Longissimus – long
Rhomboideus – diamond
shaped

Longus – long


Maximus-largest
Scalenes – irregular
triangle

Medialis-toward the middle

Teres – round

Medius – intermediate

Transverse – crosswise

Oblique – slanted or at an
angle

Vastus - great