In the margin of your text
• Note the types of bones found in the body
• The functions of bone
• Describe the Design of long bones
What do Braxton and Urban’s
bones do for them?
Osteology
The study of Bone
Structure and Growth
Function of the Skeleton System
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Provides the body with physical support
Protection – vital organs
Movement - bones = levers joints = fulcrum
Storage of minerals (Calcium and Phosphorus)
Blood formation (Hemopoiesis)
Classification of Bones
Two main divisions
• Axial = skull, vertebral, and rib cage
• Appendicular = bones of upper and
lower limbs, and the girdles that
attach them to the axial
Bone types
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Long bonesShort bonesFlat bones
One Fish
Two Fish
Irregular bonesSesamoid (Seed like)
Find these bones on our skeletons, Yossarian and
Cassandra
Bone Structure
• Bones are organs!!!
• They contain nervous tissue, connective
tissue, epithelial tissues in their blood vessels
and
• Osseous tissue or bone tissue which is the
main tissue found in bones.
– What major class of tissue is osseous tissue?
Long Bone
Structure
Bone Composition
Spongy and Compact Bone
• Compact = external layer, the dense outer
layer that appears smooth and solid.
• Spongy = internal part of the bone, a
honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces
called trabeculae
– filled with red or yellow bone marrow
Yellow Marrow
• Found in a central tubular cavity in the long
shaft of the bone. This cavity is called the
Medullary Cavity.
• Fatty and delicious
Red Marrow
• Found in the trabecular cavities of spongy
bone.
• Site of Hemopoiesis
– In infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of
spongy bone contain red marrow.
– In adults, the medullary cavity extends into the
ends of bones, and thus there is less red marrow
tissue. Found in ends of large long bones, flat
bones such as the sternum, and some irregular
bones such as the hip.
Long Bone Structure
• Diaphysis = the long axis of the bone. Made
of a relatively thick collar of compact bone,
that surrounds the medullary cavity.
• Epiphyses = the ends of the bone.
• Compact bone surrounds the exterior and
spongy bone is in the interior.
– The joint surface is covered with articular (hyaline)
cartilage.
• Epiphyseal Line = line between the diaphysis
and the epiphysis.
Membranes in Long Bone
• Periosteum = a white double membrane
surrounding the entire bone except the joint
surface.
Periosteum cont.
• Richly supplied with nerve fibers, lymphatic
vessels, and blood vessels. These enter the
diaphysis through a nutrient foramen.
Endosteum
• Membrane covering internal bone surfaces
such as the trabeculae of spongy bone..
Vocab review
• Periosteum
• Diaphysis
• Long bones
• Irregular bones
• Hemopoiesis
• Yellow marrow
• Storage of minerals
• Short bone
• Compact bone