COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
DEPARTMENT: SCIENCE
DATE: 2016 03 12
SECONDARY SCHOOL: TCDSB SCHOOL
DEPARTMENT HEAD: G. PEZZUTTI
TEACHER: F. Verre
The Ontario Curriculum Grade 11 and 12: Science 2009
CURRICULUM POLICY DOCUMENT
SBI 4U
COURSE CODE
COURSE TITLE
Biology
PRE-REQUISITE
Biology, Grade 11,University
FULL YEAR /
SEMESTER
GRADE & TYPE
12, University
CREDIT VALUE
1
COURSE DESCRIPTION (AS SPECIFIED IN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION POLICY DOCUMENT)
This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts
and processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct
investigations in the areas of biochemistry, metabolic processes, molecular genetics,
homeostasis, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on the achievement of
detailed knowledge and the refinement of skills needed for further study in various
branches of the life sciences and related fields
LISTED IN ORDER OF INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY
STRAND / UNIT TITLES
Scientific
Investigation
Skills and Career
Exploration
Biochemistry
HOURS
OVERALL EXPECTATIONS / UNIT DESCRIPTION
A1. demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both
inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and
planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and
communicating);
A2. identify and describe careers related to the fields of science
under study, and describe contributions of scientists, including
Canadians, to those fields.
B1. analyse technological applications of enzymes in some industrial
processes, and evaluate technological advances in the field of
cellular biology;
B2. investigate the chemical structures, functions, and chemical
properties of biological molecules involved in some common
cellular processes and biochemical reactions;
B3. demonstrate an understanding of the structures and functions
of biological molecules, and the biochemical reactions required to
maintain normal cellular function.
Metabolic
Processes
Molecular
Genetics
Homeostasis
Population
Dynamics
C1. analyse the role of metabolic processes in the functioning of
biotic and abiotic systems, and evaluate the importance of an
understanding of these processes and related technologies to
personal choices made in everyday life;
C2. investigate the products of metabolic processes such as cellular
respiration and photosynthesis;
C3. demonstrate an understanding of the chemical changes and
energy conversions that occur in metabolic processes.
D1. analyse some of the social, ethical, and legal issues associated
with genetic research and biotechnology;
D2. investigate, through laboratory activities, the structures of cell
components and their roles in processes that occur within the cell;
D3. demonstrate an understanding of concepts related to molecular
genetics, and how genetic modification is applied in industry and
agriculture.
E1. evaluate the impact on the human body of selected chemical
substances and of environmental factors related to human activity;
E2. investigate the feedback mechanisms that maintain
homeostasis in living organisms;
E3. demonstrate an understanding of the anatomy and physiology
of human body systems, and explain the mechanisms that enable
the body to maintain homeostasis.
F1. analyse the relationships between population growth, personal
consumption, technological development, and our ecological
footprint, and assess the effectiveness of some Canadian initiatives
intended to assist expanding populations;
F2. investigate the characteristics of population growth, and use
models to calculate the growth of populations within an ecosystem;
F3. demonstrate an understanding of concepts related to
population growth, and explain the factors that affect the growth of
various populations of species.
STUDENT EVALUATION CRITERIA
TERM – 70%
FINAL REPORT CARD
GRADE CALCULATION –
100%
FINAL – 30%
10 ≤ RELATIVE EMPHASIS / WEIGHTING ≤ 40
KNOWLEDGE/UNDERSTAN
20
RELATIVE EMPHASIS / WEIGHTING
DING
INQUIRY/THINKING
COMMUNICATION
APPLICATION
TERM TOTAL
15
15
20
70
FINAL TOTAL
30
TERM TOTAL + FINAL
TOTAL = REPORT CARD
MARK
Evaluation
Knowledge 20%
Inquiry 15%
Communication 15%
Application 20%
Assessment Strategy
Labs 8, 2 assignments
Testing - 5 quizzes, 5 unit tests
Midterm 1 – 15%
Final 1 – 15%
Textbook – NELSON 12 – Replacement cost $100.00
SBI 4U OUTLINE
1-3
Molecules and enzymes
4
5
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
6
DNA
7
Protein Synthesis
8
9
10
Biotechnology
Midterm
Water Balance
11
Endocrine
12
Nervous System
13
Immunity
1415
Population Ecology
16
17
Human Population
Review
Suggested assignments
Activity – Nutrient ID
Lab– Catalase
NCBI – Analyzing
Protein Domains
Lab - Respiration
Lab – Photosynthetic
rates or
Paper
Chromatography
Lab DNA or Protein
Electrophoresis
DNA Extraction
AVIDA study Mutations
Activity – NCBI
analysis of sequences
Lab - Ectotherms
Activity – Response
to Hormones
Lab -Dissection – Eye
and Brain
Assignment – Case
studies
COBWEB assignment
Lab- Duckweed
Growth pattern
Quiz
Test
Quiz
Test
Quiz
Test
Quiz
Test
Quiz
Test
Unit 1 Outline – Metabolic Processes
1. Identify molecules which contain covalent and ionic bonds.
2. Distinguish between polar covalent and nonpolar covalent bonds.
3. Describe a hydrogen bond.
4. Explain the importance of hydrogen bonds to biomolecules.
5. Name and draw the molecular structure for the following functional groups:
a. hydroxyl
b. carbonyl (both aldehydes and ketones)
c. carboxyl
d. amino
e. sulfhydryl
f. phosphate
6. Describe the physical and chemical properties of water.
7. Define and give examples of an isomer.
8. Give examples of structural, enantiomers and geometric isomers.
9. Give the empirical formula of a monosaccharide.
10. Give four examples of monosaccharides.
11. Write an equation for the condensation synthesis of a disaccharide
12. Draw a ring form for glucose and ribose.
13. Identify the nature and general composition of four polysaccharides.
14. Draw a condensation reaction of glycerol and three fatty acids to form a fat.
15. Define the terms saturated fat and unsaturated fat.
16. Draw the molecular structure of a phospholipid.
17. Identify the general structure of steroids.
18. Draw an amino acid molecule.
19. Give an example for each of the following types of amino acids: ionized, polar,
and nonpolar.
20. Draw a condensation synthesis of a dipeptide.
21. Identify the nature of each of the four levels of protein structure.
22. Compare with an example alpha-helical formation vs the beta-pleated form.
23. Classify the 4 types of bonds that hold a polypeptide together.
24. Draw the general structure of a nucleotide.
25. Describe the construction of deoxyribonucleic acid.
26. Identify the chemical differences between DNA and messenger RNA.
27. State the first and second Laws of Thermodynamics
28. Define the types of energy.
29. Define entropy.
30. Define free energy (delta G) and give the symbol for it.
31. Draw a molecule of adenosine triphosphate and identify its chemical type.
32. Explain the regeneration of ATP from ADP.
33. Explain the relationship between energy of activation and enzymes.
34. Describe the factors which affect enzyme activity.
35A - Explain allosteric regulation of enzymes.
B – Compare the induced fit model with the lock and key model
C – Compare cofactors and coenzymes
D – compare competitive and noncompetitive inhibition
E – Explain (with an example) feedback inhibition
36.. Identify the nature of electron loss or gain in redox reactions.
37 Write the 10 reactions of glycolysis in correct order.
38. Identify the number and type of molecules which are products of glycolysis.
39. Explain the function of enzymes in glycolytic reactions.
40. Describe the specific nature of enzymes in glycolytic reactions.
41 Write out the intermediate reactions between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
42. Explain why pyruvate is called “the crossroad of metabolism”.
43.Write the reactions which occur in anaerobic respiration.
44. Explain why and how lactate is produced in overworked muscles.
45. Explain the function of acetyl CoA in the transfer of energy to the Krebs cycle.
46. State the input and products of the Krebs cycle.
47A. Explain the process of chemiosmotic phosphorylation. (related to 14 D below)
B Compare substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
48. Identify the final acceptor of electrons in the mitochondrion.
49A. Identify the source and total number of ATP molecules derived from complete
oxidation of one glucose molecule.
B Explain the principles of the electron transport chain
C Compare NAD and FAD.
D Draw and explain how ATP synthase (or synthetase) works
50. State at least three alternate energy pathways for fats and proteins.
51. Draw a model of the mitochondrion and indicate where each major energy activity
occurs.
52. Write the overall reaction for photosynthesis.
53. Differentiate between heterotrophs and photosynthetic autotrophs.
54. Draw the structure of the chloroplast and identify its constituent parts.
55. Draw the structure of a leaf and identify the tissue layers and important cells.
56. Explain how gas interchange occurs between the leaf and the atmosphere.
57. Describe the nature of light.
58. Identify the approximate wavelength for red, green and blue in the color spectrum.
59. Describe the experiment of Engelmann which identified the relative amounts of
oxygen produced by each color of light.
60. Describe the structure and function of chlorophyll.
61. Indicate the relative amount of energy present in electrons at various levels in the atom.
62. Describe the Hill Reactions.
63. Explain how oxygen is produced from water.
64. Describe the differences between photosystem I and photosystem II.
65. Explain cyclic electron flow.
66. Describe the differences between cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow
67. Explain how ATP is produced in the thylakoid.
68. Give the basic steps in the Calvin Cycle.
69. Identify the reason for the existence of the C4 pathway. (Discuss photorespiration)
70. Diagram a C3 pathway leaf and a C4 pathway leaf.
Unit 2 Molecular Genetics
1. Describe the experiments of Griffith; Avery, McCleod and McCarty;
and Hershey and Chase which proved the function of DNA.
2. Describe the work of Beadle and Tatum which led to the gene - enzyme
hypothesis.
3. Explain the work of Erwin Chargaff which provided a clue to the formation of
the DNA model by Watson and Crick.
4. Describe the contributions of Franklin and Wilkins to the DNA model.
5. Describe the activities of Watson and Crick which led to the making of the
first successful model of DNA.
6. Diagram a model of DNA, including all monomers, and also indicating
the numbering of the sugar’s carbons and which component(s) attach to each.
7. Identify the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA
8. Describe the nitrogenous base pairing of DNA and RNA.
9. Explain why the genetic code must be made up of code “words” which
are three “letters” long.
10. Describe the process of semiconservative replication.
11A. Describe the experiment of Meselsohn and Stahl which proved the type
of replication in nucleic acids.
B Explain (with a diagram) the process of DNA replication in the leading and lagging strands
C What is the function of DNA Polymerase (I and III), Primase, Helicase, Gyrase, Telomerase
and Ligase? What is the function of Single-Stranded Binding proteins?
D What are Okazaki fragments?
E What are telomeres? What is their significance in determining cell mortality?
F Why does Pol III require a primer?
12. Describe the “central dogma” of nucleic acids. What are the exceptions?
13. Describe the process of transcription.
14. Explain how RNA is processed after synthesis.
15. Define: promoter, exon, intron
16. Describe the process of translation.
17. Describe initiation.
18. Explain translocation.
19. Explain termination.
20. Explain how the operon works in bacteria.
21. A. Define operator and regulator.
B. Explain how regulatory proteins (ie transcription factors) work.
C. Describe the role that chromosomal organization, methyl groups and RNA plays in
regulating genes
D. Expand your discussion of RNA – Describe how RNAi works to silence gene activity.
E. Describe the role of complementary base pairing in genetics (from replication to
regulation).
F. Describe RNAi – explain how rna can be used to regulate transcription.
22. Compare Prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcriptional control mechanisms
23. Explain how pseudogenes can be generated?
24. What is reverse transcription? What are retrotransposons?
25. Describe how electrophoresis of DNA may be accomplished.
26. Explain how restriction enzymes work.
27. Solve a problem involving relative lengths of DNA after electrophoresis and correctly place
them in order.
28. Explain RFLPs.
29. What is PCR?
30. What are DNA probes?
Unit 3 Homeostasis
1.Explain the principle of both positive and negative feedback.
2. For thermoregulation define Ectotherm, Endotherm (Homeotherms), Poikilotherms.
3. How do homeotherms regulate their internal temperatures.
4. What are some behavioural adaptations to heat/cold stress?
5A. Explain, with a diagram, how the kidney nephron works.
B Define osmoregulation. How does the kidney function in osmoregulation?
C What are the different classes of nitrogenous wastes?
D Define reabsorbtion.
E Discuss the role of ADH and RAAS in regulating kidney function.
6. Identify the organs of reproduction in both sexes.
7. Explain how the hormones vary during the menstrual cycle.
8. Describe the function of each sex hormone and gonadotrophic hormone.
9. Describe the process of oogenesis.
10. Compare Hormones, pheromones, and local regulators.
11. Compare steroid and peptide hormones.
12. What are antagonistic hormones (provide an example)?
13. What are some examples of Local regulators (signals)?
14. Create a chart of the different types of hormones of the endocrine system (include secretory
gland, target gland, category of hormone, effect and trigger mechanisms).
15. What is the role of the hypothalamus?
16. Compare the anterior and posterior pituitary gland.
17.Thyroid and Parathyroid
a) How is calcium regulated by the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
b) What are the symptoms of hyper and hypothyroidism?
c) How does a goiter develop?
18. How does the pancreas regulate blood glucose levels?
19. Explain the role of the Adrenal Glands (medulla and cortex) in a stress response (short and
long).
20. Compare the CNS and the PNS.
21. What is a neuron? What are the three types of neurons?
22. Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
23. What is a reflex arc?
24A. Discuss an action potential (include resting potential, gated ion channels, Na-K pump,
depolarization, repolarization and refractory period in your discussion).
B What is meant by an all-or-none response?
C What effects the speed of an action potential?
D. What is the summation effect? What is tetanus?
25. What are neurotransmitters? How are they relased? What do they target?
26. What is the function of acetylcholine, serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, NO,
and GABA? What is the function of cholinesterase?
27. Brain -Discuss the role of the frontal lobes, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe in
the cerebrum.
28. What is the role of the cerebellum, corpus callosum, medulla oblongata, pons?
29. EYE – Fill in a diagram of the eye and describe the function of each part
30. Compare the roles of rods and cones.
31. How is visual information relayed between the rods/cones and the optic nerve?
32. How do your ears transmit sound energy to the auditory nerve?
33. How is your equilibrium maintained?
34. Compare nonspecific and specific immune responses.
35. Compare the cell mediated and humoral response.
36. What is the importance of the Major Histocompatibility complex?
37A. How are antibodies produced/generated?
B What are the different classes of antibodies?
38. What is a secondary immune response and immunological memory?
39. Compare active and passive immunity.
40. How does HIV attack the immune system?
41. How is the immune system and example of positive feedback?
42. Explain some disorders of the immune system (allergic reactions, autoimmunity)
Unit 4 Ecology
1. Define the terms ecology, ecosystem, biome, biosphere, community, biomass.
2. Describe the function of decomposers in the ecosystem.
3. Explain why the energy pyramid loses energy as it progresses through the
trophic levels.
4. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem. Give several examples.
5A. What is a population?
B Calculations ( to be provided)
C Compare density dependent and independent factors
D What are limiting factors?
6. Distinguish between exponential population growth (J-curve) and logistic population growth.
Explain how these growth patterns relate to r (opportunistic) and K(equilibrial) population
growth strategies.
7. List several characteristics each of r (opportunistic) and K (equilibrial) population growth
strategies . Give several examples of each type.
8A. Compare survivorship curves (I-III)
B Compare dispersion patterns
9. Draw a graph which depicts the variations in size of predator and prey populations living in the
same area over a number of years.
10A. Define and give examples of interspecific competition (including Competitive Exclusion
principle and Niches – by Gause) , coevolution and predation.
B Compare different types of symbiosis (provide examples)
11. List and describe some of the evolved animal defenses against predation that involve
coloration and/or structural changes for mimicry or camouflage.
12. Describe some defenses against herbivores found in different plants.
13. Explain why it is riskier to your health for humans to eat fish and other animals that are at the
end of along food chain. (example: bluefish)
14. Analyze the human population growth curve – discuss reasons for growth
15.Compare population pyramids (zero, negative, rapid and slow growth) and provide examples
for each.
16.Explain the demographic transition model- discuss the different stages of development and
analyze reasons for differences between life expectancy, mortality rate, and fertility rate.