First steps in metadata
Ann Chapman
Policy and Advice team, UKOLN
UKOLN is supported by:
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
What is metadata?
• Structured data about something
• Encountered every day
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bus & rail timetables
phone directories
Internet shopping sites (e.g. Amazon)
ingredient lists on food items
calendars (public holidays, religious festivals)
event (e.g. seminar, workshop) programme
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
More about metadata
• Structured data about resources
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Library catalogues
Abstracting and indexing services
Archival finding aids
Museum documentation
Collection description
Community information
• Carriers
– Formats (e.g. MARC)
– Markup languages (e.g. HTML, SGML, XML)
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
Markup languages
• SGML = Standard Generalised Markup Language
- controls document formatting for publication
• XML = Extensible Markup Language
- “next generation” SGML
• HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language
- SGML subset, controls display of web pages
All use tags (usually paired) to structure text into elements
e.g. headings, paragraphs, lists, etc.
<title> </title> <p> </p> <li> </li>
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
Overview
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MARC
ONIX
Dublin Core & application profiles
RSLP Collection Description
MARC 21 Community Information
Other metadata types
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
MARC Formats
• MAchine Readable Catalogue records
– Library of Congress, 1960s
– Now widespread use in many countries
– Catalogue once, use record many times
– Holdings can be attached
– 1960s: books, serials, maps, music
scores
– 2006: any physical or digital resource
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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MARC - structure
• Structured format and carrier
• Numeric and alpha tags
• Fixed fields
– Leader, 001-008, 010-099
• Variable fields
– 100, 110, 111, 245, 260, etc.
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
MARC - elements
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1XX Main entry
2XX Title, Statement of Responsibility, edition, publication
3XX Physical description
4XX Series information
5XX Notes
6XX Subject access
7XX Added entries (alternative titles, multiple authors, etc.)
8XX Added entries for series
9XX References and local use fields
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MARC 21 record
021 $a 0761952926
082 $s 338.9 $c 21
100 $a Nederveen Pieterse, Jan P.
245 $a Development theory: $b deconstruction.
260 $a London: $b Sage, $c 2001
300 $a xii, 195p. $c 25cm $e cased
440 $a Theory, culture and society
650 $a Economic development
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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ONIX Formats
• Primary use
– Publishers to Internet booksellers
– Rich product information
• 3 Formats for product information metadata
– Books, Serials, Licensing Terms
• ONIX for Books in use:
– First version 1999
– Current version release 2.0 (2001)
• Carrier – XML
• Elements – XML reference name and tag
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
ONIX - elements
• Message header
• Product record
– identifiers, author, title, edition, language,
subject, audience, descriptions, publisher,
dates
– territorial rights, dimensions, suppliers,
availability, promotions
• Main series and sub-series records
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
ONIX for Books - record
<ISBN> 0123456789 </ISBN>
<DistinctiveTitle> Alice in Wonderland <DistinctiveTitle>
<Contributor>
<ContributorRole> Author <ContributorRole>
<PersonNameInverted> Carroll, Lewis </PersonNameInverted>
</Contributor>
<Publisher> Collins </Publisher>
<PublicationDate> 2000 <PublicationDate>
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
Dublin Core - structure
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Simple resource discovery
DCMES – Dublin Core Metadata Element set
HTML the most common ‘carrier’
Comprises 15 elements with
– Element qualifiers
– Element encoding schemes
– Optional/mandatory elements
• Application profiles
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
Dublin Core - elements
Title
Creator
Subject
Description
Publisher
Contributor
Date
Resource Type
Format
Resource identifier
Source
Language
Relation
Coverage
Rights
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Dublin Core - record
<title> Alice in Wonderland </title>
<creator> Lewis Carroll </creator>
<subject><LCSH> Fiction </LCSH></subject>
<publisher> Project Gutenberg </publisher>
<date> 2000 </date>
<format> ASCII file via FTP </format>
<identifier> htttp://promo.net/pg/… </identifier>
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
RSLP Collection Description
• Schema developed May 2000 for RSLP programme
• MS Access database for RSLP – summer 2001
• Web-based implementations: Revealweb, Cornucopia,
Backstage, PADDI, MASC25, SCONE, Cecilia, RASCAL
• Based on same model: SCONE
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General attributes
Subject
Dates
Associated agents
External relationships
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
Coll. Desc. - elements
General: title, identifier, description, strength, physical
characteristics, language, type, access control, accrual
status, legal status, custodial history, note, location
Subject: concept, object, name, place, time
Dates: accumulation, contents
Agents: creator, owner
Relationships: sub & super-collections, catalogues and
descriptions, associated collections and publications
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Coll. Desc. - record
Title: Pitman Collection
Strength: Shorthand – national significance
Phys.Char.: printed texts and manuscripts
Lang: English, Spanish, Esperanto, ….
Access: Written request to the Librarian, University of Bath
Accrual: passive, deposit
Location: The Library, University of Bath, Bath
Subject: shorthand, Sir Isaac Pitman, phonetic alphabets
Owner: Pitman Publishing Co.
Catalogue: University of Bath Library OPAC
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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MARC 21 Community Information
• Same principles as MARC 21 Bibliographic
• Leader
– Individual / organization / program / event / other
• Fixed fields
– 001-008, 010-099 fixed fields
– 007 disability facilities
– 008 special aspects
• Variable fields
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
M 21 Comm. Inf. – elements
1XX Name
2XX Title and Address
3XX Physical description
4XX Series (for events)
5XX Notes
6XX Subject access
7XX Added entries
8XX Other variable fields
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
M 21 Comm. Inf. – record
110 $a CILIP
245 $a CILIP HQ
247 $a LA HQ $f 19?? – 2002
270 $a Ridgmount St, London WC1E 7AE $k 020 7255 0505
$m info@cilip.org.uk $r 9am to 6pm
311 $a Ewart Room $d seats 50 $g £100 per day
312 $a Overhead projector $f £10 per day
581 $a Library + Information Update
856 $a http://www.cilip.org.uk
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
Other metadata formats
• IEEE LOM – learning object metadata
• EAD – Encoded Archival Description
• Theatre Information Group DTD –
performance data
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
Metadata – fit for purpose
• MARC 21 Bibliographic – libraries
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ONIX – book trade and libraries
Dublin Core – Internet
EAD – archives
Collection description – archives, libraries,
museums
• M21 Community Information – primarily libraries
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk
Contact details
Ann Chapman
a.d.chapman@ukoln.ac.uk
UKOLN
University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY
www.ukoln.ac.uk
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.bath.ac.uk