ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN HISTORY MIDTERM REVIEW GUIDE
PEOPLE
The Iceman
Sargon of Akkad
Narmer (Menes)
Djoser
Sneferu
Khufu
Mentuhotep II
Ahmos I
Hatshepsut
Akhenaten
Homer
Solon
Cleisthenes
TERMS
Stone Age
Paleolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Mesolithic stage
“Out of Africa” Hypothesis
Bronze Age
Cuneiform
Pictographic/Phonetic
Ziggurat
Various Mesopotamian dynasties
and empires
Hammurabi’s Code
Slavery in Mesopotamia
Society in Mesopotamia
Science and Math in Mesopotamia
Hieroglyphs
Kha
Sed
Mastabas
Pyramids (Djoser, Meidum, Bent,
Red, Great Pyrmaid of Khufu)
The Great Sphynx
Egyptian Old, Middle and New
Kingdoms
Egyptian Death ritual s and
mummification
Hittite Empire
Battle of Qadesh
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Neo-Babylonian Empire
Persian (Achaemenid) Empire
Minoans
Mycenaeans
Torah
Israeli myth and history
Babylonian Exile
Pythagoras
Cyrus II
Pheidippides
Herodotus
Pericles
Thucydides
Demosthenes
Alcibiades
Lysander
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Philip II of Macedon
Olypmias
Alexander the Great
Darius III of Persia
Hephaestion
Porus
Romulus and Remus
Cincinnatus
Hamilcar Barca
Hannibal Barca
Quintus Fabius Maximus
Scipio Africanus
Prophets
Greek Dark Ages
Ionians
Dorians
Iliad
Odyssey
Greek Archaic Age
“Hellas”
“Barbaros”
Greek Olympic Games
“Polis”
“Politeia”
Hoplite
Phalanx
Tyrant
Oligarchy
Helots
Spartan Warfare/Daily life
Peloponnesian League
Athenian Warfare/Daily life
Greek
literature/sculpture/philosophy
Persian Wars
-Battle of Marathon
-March across the Hellespont
-Battle of Thermopylae
-Battle of Salamis
-Battle of Plataea
Theater of Dionysus
Sophists
Rhetoric
First Peloponnesian War
Thirty Years Peace
Second Peloponnesian War
-Archidamian War
-Pericles’ Funeral Oration
-Peace of Nicias
-Sicilian Expedition
-Battle of Aegospotami
Athenian Navy
Trireme
Thetes
Athenian Democracy
Delian League
tribute
Athenian Acropolis
Corinthian War
Battle of Leuctra
The Sacred Band
Athenian oratory and honor
Athenian women
Philip II’s Macedon
Battle of Chaeronea
League of Corinth
Death of Philip
Theban Uprising
Battle of Granicus
Gordian Knot
Battle of Issus
Siege of Tyre
Battle of Gaugamela
Battle of Hydaspes
“To the Strongest”
Etruscans
Forum
Assembly
Consuls
Senate
Comitia Centuriata
Imperium
Praetor
Quaestor
Censor
Novus Homo
Dictator
Sack of Rome
Samnite Wars
Appian Way
Pyrrhic War – Pyrrhic Victory
Maniple System – “A phalanx with
joints”
Triumphs
First Punic War
“Hannibal’s Oath”
Second Punic War
-Trek across the Alps
-Battle of Lake Trasimene
-Battle of Cannae
-Siege of Syracuse
-Battle of Metarus
-Battle of Zama
Santorini
“Lost City” of Atlantis
Troy
Israel/Judah
Ionia
Salamis
Sparta
Athens
Corinth
Syracuse
Sicily
Carthage
Greek Symposium
Macedonia
Tyre
Alexandria, Egypt
Carthage
PLACES
Jericho
Stonehenge
Mesopotamia
Uruk
Egypt
Nubia
Phoenicia
Knossos
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
How did the Fertile Crescent allow societies to become more advanced?
Why was agriculture such an important innovation to human history?
What is a civilization?
How did cities being the focus of Mesopotamian politics allow Mesopotamia to stay so stable?
Why did the Egyptians focus so much on the death and burial of their kings?
What factors led to the collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt?
What do the Egyptian death rituals tell us about their culture and religious beliefs?
How was the Neo-Assyrian Empire so successful?
Why was the Rise of the Persian Empire such a threat to Greece?
What are some of the differences between the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures?
What are some unique aspects of Israeli society and religious law?
Why were the Iliad and the Odyssey so important?
Why was the Trojan War so important to Greek history?
What are some of the major differences between Athens and Sparta?
What were some of the major turning points in the Persian War? Why was victory in the Persian War so important for
Greece at the time?
How was Pericles such an important figure in Athenian history?
What is the lasting legacy of the Peloponnesian Wars? How does it greatly benefit Persia?
What made Philip II of Macedon so successful/dangerous to Greece?
Why did Alexander travel East towards Persia?
What were some of the turning points/major battles in Alexander’s conquest?
What were some of the mistakes Alexander made during his conquests? Why did some of his soldiers grow tired of him
over time?
How was Rome founded? What does this legend tell us about the Roman people?
How was Rome able to expand so quickly?
Why did Rome instigate war with Carthage?
How was the entire makeup of the Mediterranean changed following the Punic Wars?
How did Scipio Africanus’ “cult of personality” change the Roman Republic?