Armistice:
an agreement to stop fighting
• Who won WWI?
• Nobody won WWI and
nobody lost WWI
• They agreed to stop
fighting and talk peace
• Armistice: It is not
necessarily the end of a war,
but just a stoppage of
fighting until a peace treaty
can be negotiated
• The involved countries
agreed to stop fighting
on the symbolic
• 11th hour of the 11th
day of the 11th month
1918 (November 11th
Veterans’ Day)
• They then agreed to meet
at Versailles, France in
January 1919 to write a
peace treaty
Gardens at Versailles
Paris Peace Conference:
JanUARY - may
1919
to be held at Versailles (palace of French Kings outside of Paris )
• The meeting had
leaders from all over the
world but 3 men
(countries) dominated
the conference
The Big 3 leaders
• Georges Clemenceau (France)
• Woodrow Wilson (USA)
• David Lloyd George (Britain)
W
• What are 3 points the Paragraph about
Clemenceau makes?
• What are 3 points that the paragraph on
Wilson made?
• What are 3 points the on
• Idealist: a person who
believes in the ideal
(or way that things
should be) not the
real way things are
Realist: a person who
deals with the way
things really are
What did each of the ‘Big 3’ want at
Versailles?
• 3 paragraphs
• 5 sentences for each
paragraph
• Support each
statement with reasons
why the person would
want this
• Due: Tuesday, October
15th
Woodrow Wilson
The League of Nations:
1. A group of countries from
around the world trying to
solve world problems and keep
peace
What they DO
If one country attacks another
country all the other countries
should:
a. Stop trading with the
attacking nation
b. go to war against the
aggressive nation
a. Wants fairness and a peace treaty
that will keep peace
b. Wants to reduce Germany’s navy
c. Wants Germany to pay back money
to the Allies (reparations)
d. Wants to take away Germany’s
colonies around the world
e. Idealist
f. Wants to take land from Germany
g. Worried that punishing Germany
will create a revenge factor
h. Wants self determination and new
nations in Europe
i. Wants Germany’s military reduced
to lowest level
j. Wants a ‘League of Nations’ to
discuss world problems and promote
peace
k. Realist
l. Middle of the road compromiser –
punish Germany a little but not too
much because we trade with them
Britain and their colonies
Alsace - Lorraine
• The Alsace Lorraine is a
piece of land in between
Germany and France
• It was taken from France
by Germany in 1870
• It was given back to
France in the Treaty of
Versailles
Short paper (not “THE” Essay)
Write 3 Paragraphs with a minimum of 5
full sentences each
• PROMPT: What did each of the “Big 3”
at Versailles want?
• Possible sentence starters (but use your own if you like)
• P1. Clemenceau of France wanted ______. He
wanted this because______. He also wanted
______ because ______. Finally, Clemenceau
wanted ______ So in all France ___
• P2. On the other hand, Wilson from the US
wanted _______
Self determination:
• People groups (Poles,
Czechs, etc.) deciding if
they want their
own country or
they want to stay
inside another
country
Self-determination: people groups (Poles, Czechs, etc)
self- deciding if they want their own country
From this to
this
How many changes
can you see?
Points 6-13
dealt with territorial changes and
the creation of new nations
• creation of new nations in Russia that
included Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania,
Belarus
• Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a
new and reduced Austria-Hungary
• The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the
creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and
Palestine
Points 6-13
dealt with territorial changes and
the creation of new nations
• creation of new nations in Russia that
included Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania,
Belarus
• Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a
new and reduced Austria-Hungary
• The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the
creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and
Palestine
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point peace plan was
viewed by many as workable.
Points 1-5
• 1. an end all secret treaties
and alliances
• 2. Freedom of the seas – no
blockades, no hogging fishing
areas
• 3. Free trade among nations
• 4. disarmament for all
nations. Reduction in the
size of everyone’s armies
and navies
• 5. the adjustment of colonial
claims with fairness toward
colonial people in Africa and
Asia
Points 6-13
• Self-determination or creation
of new nations
• in Russia that included:
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania,
Belarus
• Creation of Czechoslovakia,
Poland, and a new and reduced
Austria-Hungary
• The break up of the Ottoman
Empire and the creation of
states like Syria, Lebanon, and
Palestine
The
th
14
Point
• The Last point was the creation of a “League of Nations”
• A formal association of nations that met regularly in
Europe to discuss world concerns and be a place to work
out disagreements and hopefully prevent any future wars
(much like the United Nations that we have today)
Although the League was President Wilson’s dream – the
U.S. Senate was afraid of committing America to getting
caught up in European drama so the US never ratified the
treaty so the United States
never even joined the League of Nations
• Disarmament: to
reduce the size of
nations’ armies and
navies
• France wanted a policy of
disarmament for Germany
• Appeasement: to give
someone what they
want or not confront
them to avoid a conflict
•
Lloyd George appeased Wilson on the
League of nations to get what he
wanted
Closing Activity:
complete the statement -
1. The League of Nations_________
2. The League of Nations_______
3. The League of Nations________
4. A Country created by the Treaty of Versailles
was__________
5. Another country created by the Treaty of
Versailles was__________
5. Germany lost land near________
The Treaty of Versailles created new countries
and many boundary changes
From this to
this
How many changes
can you see?
Differing Goals at Versailles
• The Germans had agreed to the cease-fire because
they thought that Wilson’s 14 point plan was fair
• Britain and France had other goals in mind at
Versailles: primarily punishing Germany an making
Germany weak
• #1 weaken their military
• #2 weaken their overall economy
• #3 get back as much money as they could from
Germany
Some of Wilson’s 14 points
were kept but the actual
Treaty of Versailles
was brutal to Germany
$$$ Reparations
• Compensation (Pay
back) in money,
material, labor, etc.,
payable by a defeated
country to another
country as a penalty of
war
Germany had to pay 6600 million Pounds or
$ 33 billion dollars in war reparations
• Dollars
• British pounds
• Euros
Alsace - Lorraine
• The Alsace Lorraine is a
piece of land in between
Germany and France
• It was taken from France
by Germany in 1870
• It was given back to
France in the Treaty of
Versailles
The Saar
Coal fields in Germany
that France was allowed
to mine for 15 years
and keep the profits
The Saar
Instructions for today’s activity
• With your group
1. Read each statement as a group and then
discuss whether the statement is saying that the
treaty is “fair” or “unfair” then write “Fair” or
“unfair” in the space
2. EVERYONE NEEDS to TALK!!
3. As a group, answer the questions at the bottom
4. Be prepared to answer questions about the
Treaty when called upon
Jobs in the Group
• I’m going to pick 1 person
to be the group’s
• Regulator
• The regulator’s job is to:
• 1. ask everyone to share
their opinion
• 2. make sure the group
stays on task
• 1. The Germans are the only nation that is forced to pay
billions in war reparations ______________ (the Treaty is
fair/unfair)
• 2. The Germans originally took the Alsace Lorraine from
France in a war in 1870 it is right to give it back to France
______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair)
• 3. The British and the French are allowed to mine the Saar
coal area of Germany for 15 years and keep the
profits______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair)
• 4. The Germans started this world war when they attacked
Russia, Belgium and France when it should have been a war
between Serbia and Austria ______________ (The Treaty is
fair/unfair)
• 5. When Russia got out of the war Germany forced Russia to
give them huge chunks of land in their peace treaty with
Russia ______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair)
• 6. Germany’s colonies are taken away and divided
between Britain and France ______________ (The
Treaty is fair/unfair)
• 7. Remember what German submarines did to the
Lusitania and other non-military ships – it is right that
they are aloud zero submarines ______________ (The
Treaty is fair/unfair)
• 8. Only the Germans must sign the “war guilt clause”
taking the blame for starting the war ______________
(The Treaty is fair/unfair)
• 9. The war was fought mostly in France. France is
destroyed. Germany was basically untouched and
Germany still has very rich mining areas in which to
build back their economy______________ (The Treaty
is fair/unfair)
• 10. The Germans are not allowed any tanks or
airplanes ______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair)
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
treaty between Soviet Russia and Germany after the
Communists gained control and took Russia out of the war
• In this treaty Germany
forced Russia to
surrender a huge chunk
of land to Germany
• This, again, made
people think Germany
was aggressive and
power hungry
Major portions of the TREATY of VERSAILLES
pertaining to Germany
• Germany is forced to give up its colonies in Africa and Asia
• The mineral-rich Alsace-Lorraine area in-between Germany and France is given back to
France
• France gets to mine Germany’s coal-rich Saar area for 15 years and keep the profits
• Germany loses land to France, Poland and Denmark
• Reducing Germany’s military:
• German army limited to 100,000 soldiers.
• NO military allowed in the Rhineland (area of Germany that borders France)
• Could have no airplanes.
• No tanks
• Allowed only 6 military ships.
• 0 (zero) U boats (submarines)
• Must sign the “war guilt” clause taking full blame for war
• Must pay war reparations (pay back $ for damages) mostly to Britain and France to the
tune of 33 billion $$$
Was the Treaty of Versailles
Fair/ Unfair ?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heck yeah it’s fair because …
Germany started it!
France is destroyed
Economies are a wreck
Passenger ships were sunk
Someone has to pay!
Germany has proved repeatedly
that it uses its military and navy
aggressively
• Germany took land from others –
they should lose land
• Germany was brutal in their treaty
with Russia
• It’s totally unfair because
Germany is the only country
that…
• Has to sign to war guilt clause
• Has to pay billions in
reparations
• Gets mined by other countries
• Loses her colonies
• Has its military limited
• That has its navy limited
• can’t have submarines
• Can’t have any airplanes
• The Treaty of Versailles was fair.
• How far do you agree with this statement?
• Think: Do you agree – yes? – no? (somewhat, greatly, hardly at all?)
•
• In a Cambridge essay to gain the total possible points available you must
show your knowledge of both sides of the argument
•
• When writing paragraphs - Make sure to PEE
•
• P (point)
make a strong, valid POINT
•
• E (evidence)
provide EVIDENCE or Examples
•
• E (explanation)
EXPLAIN how this example was either fair
or unfair
•
• P (point)
• The first reason the treaty was fair was because Germany
is highly militaristic and has proved repeatedly that it uses
its military and navy aggressively.
• E (evidence)
• For example, it has invaded France twice in recent history.
Germany’s navy proved just as aggressive by sinking un
armed passenger ships during the war.
• E (explanation)
• So, it seems logical and fair to limit their military and navy.
Today’s activity
• with your group have an extended discussion
on whether you think the treaty was fair
• Everyone must talk and share his/her reasons
• When everyone is shared out –
• begin to complete the skeleton, pre-writing
paper
The Treaty of Versailles was fair.
How far do you agree with this statement?
• I somewhat agree with this statement because there are parts
of the treaty that seem fair and parts that seem totally unfair.
• At first look the treaty seems very unfair towards Germany.
The first reason it seems unfair is …
• Another reason its unfair is _________
• But on the other hand the treaty could be considered fair is
because ______
Marking the Text
1. Number (#) the
paragraphs
2. Circle important
words/phrases
3. Underline major points
4. Box words/phrases you
don’t understand
Germany’s Lost land
TREATY of VERSAILLES and GERMANY Name: _____
Directions: read the notes on the map and detail ways that
Germany was affected by the Treaty of Versailles
On the rest of the lines write other ways that Germany was
affected
Ways that Germany was
punished by the Treaty
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
Closing Activity:
complete the statement • 1. The Alsace Lorraine __________
• 2. The Saar _________________
• 3. An argument that the treaty was “fair” is
__________________
• 4. An argument that the treaty is “unfair” is
__________________
• In your Summary part of Cornell Notesheet answer this prompt:
• Was the Treaty of Versailles fair – why or why not?
• When the Treaty was
finalized they gave it to
the nations to sign
• Germany
refused to sign
it
Germany’s Response: “SCREW That”
“We’re not going to sign that”
• Britain and France responded with
• “If you don’t sign it – then we don’t have a peace treaty and technically, we’re
still at war . So get ready to resume fighting”
• Furthermore, the British declared that they would not end their blockade
if the Germans wouldn’t sign
• (many Germans were starving because food could not be imported)
• Not wanting to start the war back up again - The German ambassadors
reluctantly signed it and became known by Adolf Hitler as “The traitors
who sold out our country”
• The Treaty of Versailles became the most hated document in
German history.
• Reparation payments to the Allies caused terrible financial problems for
the country.
• German politicians frequently blamed the treaty for Germany’s problems
• When Hitler became chancellor of Germany he declared that Germany
would no longer follow the Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler telling Europe and the world that Germany would not follow the
Treaty of Versailles is one of the primary causes of W.W.II
Germany’s Response: “ SCREW That “
“We’re not going to sign that”
• The German Ambassadors at Versailles refused to sign the treaty
• Britain and France responded with
• “If you don’t sign it – then we don’t have a peace treaty and technically, we’re
still at war . So get ready to resume fighting”
• Furthermore, the British declared that they would not end their blockade
of German ports if the Germans wouldn’t sign (many Germans were
starving because food could not be imported)
• Not wanting to start the war back up again - The German ambassadors
reluctantly signed it and became known by Adolf Hitler as “The traitors
who sold out our country”
• After the signing -The Treaty of Versailles became the most hated
document in German history.
• Reparation payments to the Allies caused terrible financial problems for
the country.
• German politicians frequently blamed the treaty for Germany’s problems
• When Hitler became chancellor of Germany he declared that Germany
would no longer follow the Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler telling Europe and the world that Germany would not follow the
Treaty of Versailles is one of the primary causes of W.W.II
• Blockade:
• Blocking any supplies
from getting in or
• Out of a
country’s harbors
Hitler’s book: “Mein Kampf”
•
•
•
•
•
•
“My struggle or my fight”
Written while in jail 1923-1924
His basic view of history and the world
That the world is ruled by the strong – by force
Aryan Germanic people blonde hair- blue eyes
“master race”
Third Reich (or 3rd reign of Germanic dominance)
•
This master race needed “lebensraum” or
living space
That borders are made by men and changed by
•
War was inevitable (so militarism)
•
men
• Anti-semitism
•
•
•
•
•
Throughout history Jews have been controlling
through their ownership of banking and
newspapers
Communism was evil because it took away
competition
It was required reading in German High School
On FBI’s banned book list
Against the law to print it in Germany