Ch8 Sec1 – Religion Sparks Reform
Charles Grandison Finney – “father of revivalism”
2nd Great Awakening
*Mass movement to encourage Americans to return to the
Church (over years many had strayed for the $$)
*Revivalism / AMEC /
II. Transcendentalism and other Reforms
*Personal approach to re-evaluating important things in life
Nature, simplicity, standing up for rights, individuality
*Major literary movement takes shape (truly American)
Henry David Thoreau / Ralph Waldo Emerson
*Civil disobedience – nonviolent protest
*Unitarianism – wealthy rationalize wealth w/ good morals
III. Americans Form Ideal Communities
*Utopianism – perfect community (difficult to sustain)
*Shakers – extremist utopians (radical, never popular)
IV. Schools and Prisons Undergo Reform
*Dorothea Dix – saw horrors of prison, demanded mentally
ill receive own institutions
*Education reform – schools for disadvantaged, women
I.
Ch8 Sec2 – Slavery and Abolition
I.
Abolitionists Speak Out
*Anti-slave societies form / some promote back-to-Africa
*William Lloyd Garrison – heart of movement, newspaper
*David Walker / Nat Turner – advocated violence if needed
Walker published paper / Turner led failed rebellion
*Frederick Douglas – former slave, powerful speaker
II. Life Under Slavery
*Rural experience cruel / Urban experience less so
Plantation life, slaves had little release/free time
III. Slave Owners Defend Slavery
*Rationale that slavery is good for the “uncivilized” black
*Gag Rule – southerners limited influence of abolitionists in
Congress
Ch8 Sec3 – Women and Reform
Elizabeth Cady Stanton / Lucretia Mott – set up conference
I.
Women’s Roles in the Mid-1800s
*Cult of Domesticity – women’s place was in the home
II. Women Mobilize for Reform
*Temperance Movement – anti-alcohol
Education/health/job/fashion reform
III. Women’s Rights Movement Emerges
*Seneca Falls Convention – in NY, forum for all women
Sojourner Truth – took message on the road
Ch8 Sec4 – Changing Workplace
Women were hired at textile mills for low wages
I. Industry Changes Work
*Factories are replacing the home/farm for production
II. Farm Worker to Factory Worker
*Lowell Mill – factory that urbanized its workforce
Hired women, low wages, women sent $$ home to families
III. Workers Seek Better Conditions
*Poor conditions  worker unions  strikes
Gov’t/employers not always favorable of unions