Lesson 13 THE AGE OF REFORM
The Reforming Spirit
Opposing Slavery
A Call for Women’s
Rights
American Art and
Literature
Bar Graph
Activity
Paragraph topics
MAPS/REVIEW
Coop Activity
Underground Railroad
video
•Section 1:
The Reforming
Spirit
The Reforming Impulse
Social reform – an organized
attempt to improve what is
unjust or wrong in society.
1. Current reforms:
--healthcare
--driving laws
--prisons
--medicare
--educational
2. Tree Map ( classifying)
The Age of Reform
3
4
3
Second Great
Awakening
Hospital &
Prison Reform
Temperance
Movement
Stressed free
will over
predestination
______________
______________
Revivals=popular ______________
Powerful speakers______________
(Charles Finney)
wanted to end
slavery
______________
4
Improving
Education
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
Hospital and Prison Reform
• Dorothea Dix =
prisons/mental hospitals
• New state laws regarding
people with mental
illnesses/
• separate facilities
• Prisons=rehabilitation/
educational courses
Temperance Movement
• Banning of alcohol
• Many women
supporters
• Displayed posters
• Newspaper
articles
• Maine Laws
Horace Mann Improves Education:
“Education does better than to disarm the
poor of their hostility toward the rich, it
prevents them being poor.”
Educational Reform
Reformer:
Horace Mann
Catharine Beecher
Contribution/reforms
Massachusetts= built new schools.
-Teachers’ pay was raised.
-Colleges were opened. ---taxes
Opened a school in Connecticut for girls
Prudence Crandall
Quaker – opened a school for African
American girls / arrested, tried, and
convicted of a crime
Thomas Gallaudet
Opened a school for the hearingimpaired
Samuel Gridley
Howe
Perkins Institute – organized a school
for blind students
2010 Statistics
Education
College
Unemployment
Rate
Prison Rate
10 percent
8 percent
High School
diploma
34 percent
22 percent
School
dropout
56 percent
70 percent
(A.A. or higher)
http://www.americaspromise.org/~/media/Files/Resources/Consequences_of_Dropping_Out_of_High_School.ashx
2010 Social Statistics (United States)
P
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Double Bar Graph Questions:
1. What percentage of high school dropouts had
a paying job in 2010?
2. How much greater are the chances that a high
dropout will serve time in prison as opposed to a
person with a college degree?
3. List 1 other conclusion based on the data
on the graph?
Dropout Statistics
•70 Percent of federal prisons are occupied by high school
dropouts.
•U.S. has 46 million high school dropouts living in poverty.
•On average, one additional year of schooling will reduce the
murder and assault rate by close to 30 percent, motor
vehicle theft by 20 percent, arson by 13 percent, and
burglary and larceny by about 6 percent.
•The U.S. death rate for those with fewer than 12 years of
education is 2.5 times higher than the rate of those with a
diploma or college degree.
•Section 2:
Opposing Slavery
APRIL
FEBRUARY
JULY
NOVEMBER
3. Abolitionists – wanted to end slavery completely
4. Frederick Douglass-former slave who used the
power of words to make people aware of the evils of
slavery; self educated; determination; reformer
R2-12
5. The Underground Railroad
“Conductor” ==== leader of the escape
“Passengers” ==== escaping slaves
“Tracks” ==== routes
“Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting
the escaping slaves
“Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD – hiding places
The Underground Railroad
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
6. Response to the Antislavery Movement
in North and South
Northerners saw abolition as a threat to their
economy.
Southerners felt their way of life was threatened.
-economy depended on cotton plantations
Harriet Tubman
(1820-1913)
• Helped over 300
slaves to freedom
• bounty on her head
• Served as a Union spy
during the Civil War
“Moses”
A Call for Women’s Rights
•Lucy Stone
•“If a nation expects to be ignorant
and free, it expects what never was
and never will be.”
Thomas Jefferson
Seeking Equal Rights
7. Women in the 1800’s:
• couldn’t vote
• couldn’t hold office
• property went to husband when married
• no legal protection from beatings or
abuse from husband
Isabella Baumfree–
•
former slave
•
spoke out against slavery and
•
supported women’s rights
• *entrancing speaker
entrance
1
2
to fill with
wonder and
delight, to
inspire
(verb)
4
entrance
List 2
synonyms
entrance
3
your
definition
5
entrance
8th grade
sentence
entrance
Visual/
drawing
6
entrance
Example
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)
or Isabella Baumfree
9. Sojourn means to travel.
So she wanted her name to reflect her goal in
which
was to travel
and preach
1850life
 The
Narrative
of Sojourner
Truth
R2-10
to the world about women’s rights and slavery.
Anti-Slavery Convention
in London, England
• Lucretia Mott and
• Elizabeth Stanton
• Attended/sat behind curtain
10. Inspired women to
push for equal rights for
women in America
Steps to the Seneca Fall Convention
Women speak out
against slavery.
Awareness of lack of
women’s rights
Mott/Stanton attend
Anti-slavery convention.
Seneca Falls Convention
is held in N.Y.
11. Women’s
Rights
Movement
Changes in Education
12. Contrast = Different
 Today’s colleges allow women.
Women study math, astronomy, etc.
Medical schools are open to women.
Women attend high schools.
Amelia Bloomer
13. Prediction?
•Section 4:
American Art and
Literature
Section 4 Instructions:
• Partner up
• Use textbook, handout, and library book.
• Analyze information to determine the
author’s, or artist’s contributions to
America’s personality.
• Complete the correct section of COS.
• Be prepared to discuss author/artist and
materials.
Henry
Wadsworth
Longfellow
Walt
Whitman
Emily
Dickinson
Poems/short stories
Midnight Ride of Paul
Revere
The Song of Hiawatha
Poems -Leaves of
Grass
American legends
Real American
people
DemocracyEveryday people
Patriotic
“My letter to the world/That She wrote poems of
never wrote to me”
love, loneliness, and
death.
poems
People could relate
to her poems.
Washington Sketch Book
(Rip Van Winkle and
Irving
Legend of Sleepy Hollow)
Novels and short stories
His stories opened
readers’ eyes to the
richness of
American folklore.
James F.
Cooper
Herman
Melville
The Last of the Mohicans
The Pioneers
The Deerslayer
His stories paid
tribute to the beauty
and danger of the
American frontier.
Moby Dick
examined conflict
between man and
nature/whaling
adventures
Moby Dick
Nathanial
Hawthorne
The Scarlet Letter
The House of Seven
Gables
(novels)
He Explored the
Puritan views of
guilt, innocence,
good and evil.
William Wells
Brown
Clotel
(novel about slave life)
First African
American to earn
living as a writer
Edgar Allan
Poe
The Tell-Tale Heart
The Raven
Short stories
His writings of death
and horror reflected
his troubled life;
unusual /different
Ralph Waldo
Emerson
Essays and lectures
Subjects: self –reliance
character
Henry David
Thoreau
Essay –Civil Disobedience
Book -Walden
leading
transcendentalist
Stressed
individualism
He voiced dissent in
a world that
worshipped material
progress.
(believed in living a
simple life)
Artist/Painter
Type of Work/Genre
Hudson River
School
American landscapes (beauty of Hudson River
Valley)
George C.
Bingham
Everyday subjects (men, horses, frontier life,
etc.)
George Catlin
Native Americans
15. Until the 1800s, Americans were still
dominated by the ideas of the English.