CHAPTER 10
AMERICA’S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION
THE CHANGING AMERICAN
POPULATION
• Population of Immigration Source, 1840-1860
THE CHANGING AMERICAN
POPULATION
• The Rise of Nativism
• Native American Party
• Goals/Objectives:
• Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner
• Goals/Objectives:
• Know-Nothing Party
• Goals/Objectives:
ERAS OF TRANSPORTATION
Turnpike and River Era – 1790s to 1820s
Canal Era – 1825 to 1840s
Railroad Era – 1850s to 1940s
Automobile Era – 1920s to Present
ERAS OF TRANSPORTATION
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Turnpikes
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National Road
ERAS OF TRANSPORTATION
ERAS OF TRANSPORTATION
• Steamboats
• Robert Fulton
• Clermont
• Impact on transportation and trade?
• Erie Canal (See previous slide)
• Significance
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Cost of trade
Direction of trade
Settlement of Northwest
New York City
Upstate New York
Canal Boom
• What was the effect?
ERAS OF TRANSPORTATION
• The Early Railroads
• The Triumph of the Rails
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Northeast
Sectional
Short Lines
Trunk Lines
• Railroad Investors
• 30 million acres of land toward development
• Why is this important that Congress acted immediately?
ERAS OF TRANSPORTATION
ERAS OF TRANSPORTATION
• Impact of Railroads
• Promoted national trade and economic growth
• Linked Northeast and old Northwest for trade
• Consolidation of early short lines leads to East to West
Orientation
• Chicago
• Promoted the growth of other industry
• Iron
• Coal
• Telegraph
• Encouraged farmers to specialize
• First great corporations in US – model for later businesses
AMERICA’S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION
• Innovations in Communications and Journalism
• Samuel Morse
• Telegraph
• Instant Communication
• Created more sectional differences – but how?
• Richard Hoe
• Steam Cylinder Rotary Press
• News Events – Major Cities
• Major Papers
• Tribune, Herald, Times
AMERICA’S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION
• Commerce and Industry
• The Expansion of Business, 1820 to 1840
• Department Stores
• Rise of Corporations
• Investment Capital
• Barter, Cash, Credit
• Gold vs. Silver
• Bank Problems
AMERICA’S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION
• The Emergence of the Factory
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Changing Social Structures
Transformation of the Shoe Industry
Charles Goodyear (Vulcanization)
Singer and Howe (Clothes Production)
• Why did the Factory emerge over Merchants?
AMERICA’S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION
• Men and Women at Work
• Recruiting a Native Work Force
• Family at Factories
• Waltham System
• Lowell Towns
• The Immigrant Work Force
• The Factory System and the Artisan Tradition
• Trade Unions vs. the Panic of 1837
• Fighting for Control
• Express Contracts
• Commonwealth v. Hunt
• Child Labor Laws