Biotechnology Study Guide
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1.1.3
Page 1 of 9
3.3.1: Interpret how DNA is used for comparison and identification of
multicellular organisms.
1. What is the function of a restriction enzyme?
Use this picture to answer the following questions.
2. What is the name of this form of scientific text?
3. How do you read this type of scientific text?
4. Complete the chart by numbering the steps in order of the correct
sequence to create a DNA fingerprint.
SEQUENCE
(BY NUMBER)
STEPS OF CREATING A GEL
The X-ray film is developed, giving us the DNA fingerprint. It can now be compared to
known samples or suspects.
The DNA sample is loaded into the gel apparatus using a micropipettor. A small
amount is placed into the wells. A known sample may also be loaded for
comparison.
DNA must be separated into fragments using a restriction enzyme. The restriction
enzyme will “cut” the DNA into pieces, based on that particular DNA’s code. Some
pieces will be short, and some will be long.
The DNA must be separated into fragments using a restriction enzyme. The restriction
enzyme will “cut” the DNA into pieces, based on that particular DNA’s code. Some
pieces will be short, and some will be long.
The power source is turned on so that electrophoresis can occur. The electric current
pulls the slightly negative DNA fragments through the gel. The fragments will be
distributed throughout the gel based on their lengths.
5. Which two species are the most closely related? How do you know?
6. Why is gel electrophoresis used? What is its purpose? (Provide at least two examples)
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Biotechnology Study Guide
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1.1.3
Page 2 of 9
7. What is the difference between a gel electrophoresis and a karyotype?
3.3.2: Summarize how transgenic organisms are engineered to benefit society.
1. In general, how do scientists create a transgenic organism?
2. Complete the chart.
APPLICATION
Transgenic
Animals
Medicine
Agriculture
Industry
Transgenic
Plants
Transgenic
Microorganisms
3. Define “recombinant DNA.”
Use the diagram below to help you visualize the process of transformation and answer the following questions.
C. Rudolph - 2014
Biotechnology Study Guide
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1.1.3
Page 3 of 9
4. What is another term that is used when discussing recombinant DNA technology?
5. Complete the chart.
APPLICATION
COULD POSSIBLY BE TREATED or
PRODUCED BY RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY?
YES or NO
vaccines in bananas or soybeans
sickle cell anemia
nondisjunction (i.e. Down’s Syndrome)
Parkinson’s Disease
inactivating cancer tumors
insulin production
cystic fibrosis
6. Explain why gene therapy could possibly be used to treat someone genetically predisposed to leukemia (cancer of
the bone marrow), but not someone that has Down’s syndrome (a chromosomal abnormality)?
7. Place the following steps of bacterial transformation in the correct sequence.
SEQUENCE
(BY NUMBER)
STEPS OF BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATION
Insert foreign DNA into bacterial plasmid using restriction enzymes and DNA ligase
Use selected cells to produce the product
Isolate gene of interest from healthy donor
Select the bacterial cells that have the plasmid (ex. using antibiotic selection)
Insert recombinant DNA into bacteria (ex. using heat shock) so bacteria can take in
plasmid
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Biotechnology Study Guide
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1.1.3
Page 4 of 9
3.3.3: Evaluate some of the ethical issues surrounding the use of DNA technology (including cloning, genetically
modified organisms, stem cell research, and Human Genome Project)
1. What was the goal of the Human Genome Project and has the project been completed?
2. List at least three potential valuable outcomes of the Human Genome Project.
3. Evaluate current gene therapy research in treating Severe Combined
Immunodeficiency syndrome. Who was the “Bubble Boy?”
4. What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis? Evaluate current gene
therapy research in treating cystic fibrosis.
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Biotechnology Study Guide
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1.1.3
5. What is cloning?
6. List one possible advantage of cloning and one possible disadvantage.
ADVANTAGE –
DISADVANTAGE -
6. Write the correct step in the correct box on the diagram:





get clone of sheep X
remove DNA from unfertilized egg
implant fertilized egg with donor DNA in surrogate mother
remove DNA from healthy cell in sheep X
fuse DNA from sheep X into unfertilized egg
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Page 5 of 9
Biotechnology Study Guide
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1.1.3
Page 6 of 9
7. Complete the chart by describing at least one ethical implication associated with each application of DNA
technology.
DNA TECHNOLOGY
ETHICAL IMPLICATION
Cloning
GMOs (Gentically Modified
Organisms)
Stem Cell Research
1.1.3: Explain how instructions in DNA lead to cell differentiation and result in cells specialized to perform specific
functions in multicellular organisms.
Largest
1. Use the diagram to the left to list the following terms in
order from largest to smallest:
tissue, organ system, organism, cell, organ
.
2. List 2 factors that lead to the differentiation of cells.
.
3. Define a stem cell.
.
Smallest
4. Complete the chart to compare adult vs. embryonic stem cells.
ADULT STEM CELLS
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ADULT & EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
Biotechnology Study Guide
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1.1.3
Page 7 of 9
5. Using the diagram of cell differentiation provided, write a brief paragraph with the following features:






Topic Sentence (HINT: Use this sentence – An
organism could have multiple types of stem
cells.)
Claim 1 about stem cells
Evidence from diagram to support claim 1
Claim 2 about stem cells
Evidence from diagram to support claim 2
Final sentence stating reason stem cells do
what they do! (HINT: Use this sentence –
Scientists have recently demonstrated that
stem cells, both embryonic and adult, with the
right laboratory conditions, differentiate into
specialized cells.)
Write your complete paragraph in the space below.
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Biotechnology Study Guide
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1.1.3
Page 8 of 9
Rewind Your Mind
1. Complete the chart.
Macromolecule
Monomer
Basic Shape
Elements/Atoms
carbohydrate
glycerol & fatty acids
amino acids fold to form 3
dimensional shapes
CHONP
2. Complete the chart.
Phase
# of Cells Present:
(1 or 2)
Are Chromosomes
Replicated or
Unreplicated?
# of Chromosomes Present:
(N or 2N or 4N)
G1
S
G2
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase &
Cytokinesis
3. Identify the picture as sexual or asexual reproduction. Tell why you identified it this way.
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Biotechnology Study Guide
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1.1.3
Page 9 of 9
4. What three phases of the cell cycle are considered interphase? Where do cells spend the most amount of time?
5. In what types of cells does mitosis take place?
6. Identify and label the structure to the right. What is its function?
7. Complete the chart.
ORGANELLE
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
vacuole
mitochondria
chloroplast
cell wall
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FUNCTION