The Periodic Table
September 29, 2015
• I must know/be able to: Interpret the
arrangement of the Periodic Table,
including groups and periods, to
explain how properties are used to
classify elements.
Learning Target
• An ELEMENT is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler
substances by physical or chemical means. An element is already
in its SIMPLEST form.
• The smallest piece of an element that still has the properties of that
element is called an ATOM.
• An element is a PURE substance, containing only one kind of
ATOM.
• The PERIODIC TABLE is a list of all the elements that have been
discovered and named, with each element listed in its own element
square.
• Elements are represented on the Periodic Table by a one or two
letter symbol, and its name, atomic number and atomic mass.
The Periodic Table
Atomic Number
Chemical
Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Mass
What’s in the square?
Groups
The vertical (up-and-down) columns indicate the 18 different
GROUPS or chemical FAMILIES of the periodic table, usually
numbered 1 through 18, from left to right. The elements within each
group have the same general CHEMICAL PROPERTIES,
REACTIVITY and the same number of VALENCE ELECTRONS in
the Bohr Model outer electron “shell.”
Periods
The horizontal (left-to-right) rows of the periodic table are called
PERIODS. There are seven periods in the periodic table. Within each
period, all elements have the same number of ELECTRON SHELLS
(also called electron energy levels or orbitals).
Groups and Periods
• The elements are listed on the Periodic Table in FROM LEAST TO
GREATEST, starting at the upper left corner and then moving from the
left to right and top to bottom, just as the words of a paragraph are read.
• The element’s ATOMIC NUMBER is based on the number of protons
in each atom of that element. In electrically neutral atoms, the atomic
number also represents the number of ELECTRONS in each atom of
that element.
• For example, the atomic number for neon (Ne) is 10, which means that
each atom of neon has 10 protons and 10 electrons. Magnesium (Mg)
has an atomic number of 12, which means it has 12 protons and 12
electrons.
• The element’s ATOMIC MASS as shown on the periodic table, is the
average sum of protons and neutrons in each atom of that element. It is
the decimal number found at the bottom of the element square.
The Periodic Table & Atomic Structure
• Metals are found TO THE LEFT OF THE STAIRCASE
• Metalloids are found ON THE STAIRCASE
• Non-Metals are found TO THE RIGHT OF THE STAIRCASE
Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids
Luster (shiny)
Conductor of Heat
and Electricity
Solids at Room
Temperature
Characteristics of Metals
Ductile
Dull/ Not Shiny
Insulators
Brittle/ Non-Malleable
Liquid or Gas at Room Temperature
Characteristics of Non-Metals
Characteristics or Both
Metals and Non-Metals
SemiConductors:
Slow down
energy flow
Often used in computers and
other electronic devices
Characteristics or Metalloids
• The Periodic Table is organized like a big
grid. Each element is placed in a specific
location because of its atomic structure.
As with any grid, the periodic table has
rows (left to right) called periods and
columns (up and down) called groups.
The Periodic Table
Atomic Mass = Protons + Neutrons
Located within the nucleus!!!
Spiral Review
The letters designated to represent a
particular element
Chemical Symbol
To Find the Number of Neutrons:
Round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number
Subtract the ATOMIC NUMBER (# of protons) from the
atomic mass
To Find Neutrons
1. Alkali Metals
2. Alkaline Earth Metals
3. Metalloids
4. Non-Metals
5. Metals
6. Noble Gases
7. Halogens
8. Eighteen Groups (columns)
9. Seven Periods
10. Transition Metals
Periodic Table Graphic
Use your periodic table to fill in the
information missing from your periodic
table graphic.
Finish periodic table license plates.
Homework
Use your newfound knowledge
of the Periodic Table to work
with your group to find the
answer to the clues provided.
You MUST use your periodic
table to complete the activity.
Activity