States of matter – the different forms
in which matter can exist
The state of a substance is determined by the
arrangement of molecules that make up the substance.
Shape: definite shape/fixed shape
Volume: definite volume/fixed volume
Shape:
no definite shape/no fixed shape
Volume: definite volume/fixed volume
Shape: no definite shape/no fixed shape
Volume: no definite volume/no fixed volume
Plasma is considered the 4th state of matter although
it does not exist naturally on Earth.
Plasma makes up most of our universe and is found in
stars and the interstellar environment.
Plasma is made up of electrically charged particles.
4”
4”
4”
4”4”
3”
3”
3”
4”
4”
4”4”
solids
liquids
gases
Shape:
definite shape
Volume: definite volume
Molecules:
particles are very close together
particles are fixed in place but can vibrate
Shape:
no definite shape
Volume: definite volume
Molecules:
particles are farther apart
particles can move around one another
Shape:
no definite shape
Volume: no definite volume
Molecules:
particles are farthest apart
particles can move away from one another
solid
liquid
gas
solid
shape
volume
particle spacing
and movement
liquid
gas
solid
shape
volume
definite
shape
definite
volume
liquid
gas
no definite
shape
no definite
shape
takes shape
of container
takes shape
of container
definite
volume
no definite
volume
spreads to fill
larger container
particle spacing
and movement
in a fixed
place
close together
but not fixed
can only
vibrate
can move
around
each other
far apart
can move freely
shape
volume
definite shape
definite volume
no definite shape
no definite
volume
takes shape of
container
spreads to fill
larger container
particle spacing
and movement
can only
close together
vibrate
but not fixed
can move
far apart
around
each other
in a fixed
place
can move
freely
Changing states – all matter can change
from one state to another state
State of matter changes occur when heat energy is
added to or removed from a substance.
There are five processes that can change the
state of matter.
freezing
melting
vaporization
condensation
sublimation
Freezing is the change in state from a liquid to a solid
that occurs when a substance loses heat energy.
remove heat
Melting is the change in state from a solid to a liquid
that occurs when a substance absorbs heat energy.
add heat
Vaporization is the change in state from a liquid to a gas
that occurs when a substance absorbs heat energy.
add heat
Condensation is the change in state from a gas to a
liquid that occurs when a substance loses heat energy.
remove heat
Sublimation is the change in state from a solid directly to
a gas that occurs when a substance absorbs heat energy.
add heat
freezing
1. change in state from a liquid to a solid
2. heat energy is removed or lost
Examples
melting
1. change in state from a solid to a liquid
2. heat energy is added or absorbed
Examples
vaporization - change in state from a liquid to a gas
1. evaporation - occurs at the surface of the liquid
2. boiling - occurs throughout the liquid when a
liquid reaches a certain temperature
(boiling point)
Two types of vaporization:
1. evaporation
2. boiling
condensation
1. change in state from a gas to a liquid
2. heat energy is removed or lost
Examples
sublimation
1. change in state from a solid directly to a gas
2. heat energy is added or absorbed
Examples