Review for Semester Exam
2015/2016
1. How can a theory be challenged?
2. What are examples of reliable sources? What are the non-examples?
3. If you wanted to study a small structure from inside of a cell in detail, which type of microscope
should be used?
4. Placebo- define. Explain how a placebo is used in an experiment. What part of the experiment
does it represent?
5. How many variables should be changed in a laboratory investigation? What should happen to
the rest of the variables? The remaining variables are called _______________.
6. How can you identify what the dependent variable is in a lab? (What action word is associated
with dependent variable? What action word is associated with independent variable?)
7. For the following statement, match the correct macromolecule (Carbon-based molecule) with
the description below:
a. Carbohydrate b. lipid
c. protein
d. nucleic acid
1. Stored energy, insulation, protection of organs
2. Enzymes (catalysts; -ase ending means enzyme)
3. Carries information about how to make and run the cell
4. DNA and RNA
5. Used to make ATP
6. Glucose
8. Draw an enzyme-substrate complex. Label the parts.
9. How is the solid form of water (ice) different from the liquid form? (What does ice do when you put it
in the water? Why?)
10. Write the 3 parts of the cell theory.
11. Match the following organelles with their functions:
A. chloroplast B. nucleus
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. lysosome
1. interconnected passageway makes, processes and transports proteins
2. site of photosynthesis in plants
3. organelle that contains digestive enzymes to digest invaders and worn out cell parts
4. control center of the cell because it contains the DNA (chromosomes)
12. Draw a generic plant cell. Label the chloroplast, large central vacuole and the cell wall.
13. Draw a generic animal cell. Label the centriole and lysosome. How can you distinguish between a
plant and animal cell?
14. How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells? Remember the song:
Prokaryotic cells, they are ___________ They have no __________, not at all.
Eukaryotic cells make you and me. They have lots of ________________ can’t you see.
Larger than _____________________ With a _______________, take notes.
15. Identify the structures in the fluid mosaic model. (Cell membrane- see your card)
16. Which type of cell transport does not require energy? Does require energy?
17. When solids-ions, sugar, liquids-water-, or gases-oxygen or carbon dioxide- move from a higher
concentration to a lower concentration, what is the name of this process?
18. Draw a plant cell as if it was in an isotonic solution. Draw the plant cell after it is placed in a
hypertonic solution (high in salt or sugar).
19. Draw a cell in interphase. True or false. Chromosomes are visible during interphase.
20. Place the following pictures of the cell cycle in order. Label them with interphase, prophase,
metaphase and telophase. (number order = ____, ____, ____, ____, ____)
21. What kinds of human cells are produced from mitosis? What kinds of human cells are NOT produced
by mitosis?
22. If a cell with 10 chromosomes goes through mitosis, each of the 2 new daughter cells has _____
chromosomes each. In other words the chromosome count __________________________.
23. Xylem and phloem form which type of tissue in plants? Draw a leaf and label the veins as
__________ tissue.
24. Draw a plant with the 3 main organs. Place a star on the place where most photosynthesis occurs.
Place # on the place where absorption of water and minerals (nutrients) occurs.
25.
Circle where fertilization occurs. Name the structure. Place a box around where
sperm are located. Name the structure.
26. Write the general equation for photosynthesis. Write the general equation for cellular respiration.
27. Aerobic processes requires __________ to occur. Fermentation does not require ___________ so it
is an __________________ process.
28. If CO2 levels decrease while O2 levels increase, which process is occurring, photosynthesis or cellular
respiration? Draw a graph showing the relationship between O2 and CO2.
29. Adenosine-P~P~P Which bond breaks to release energy from ATP? Circle the part that is removed.
30. From the fermentation lab, what factors could be changed to make the yeast produce alcohol and
CO2 at a faster rate?
Yeast, Sugar,
apple juice
31. What are vaccines? Why are vaccines given to people? What does it cause to be produced? Is this
response a specific or nonspecific response?
32. How do antibodies and antibiotics differ? How are they similar?
33. How are specific and nonspecific responses different from each other?