The Original 13 Colonies
The Formation of a Nation
The New England Colonies
• Harsh climate
• Rocky soil
• Not good for cash cropsvery few slaves
• settled by many people
seeking religious freedom
• Economy was based on
merchants, fishing,
lumbering, and
shipbuilding
• Higher education is
important
The Middle Colonies
• Good climate
• Rich soil for staple
crops- slaves and
indentured
servants needed
• Settled by people
wanting religious
freedom and
economic
opportunities
• Traders and farmers
• more diverse
backgrounds
The Southern Colonies
• Good climate
• Rich soil for cash crops
made slavery crucial
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People mostly came for
economic opportunities and
some for religion
Economy was based on
agriculture – plantations
Cash crops- Tobacco, Cotton,
Rice, Indigo
Georgia – place for debtors and
poor to live
Immigrant Groups of the 13 colonies
New England
Pilgrims - Settled in
Massachusetts in
1620 – Plymouth
Puritans - Settled in
Massachusetts in
1630 – Boston
Wanted religious
freedom
Middle Colonies
Catholics
Quakers –William
Penn
More tolerant
Southern Colonies
NC- Moravians
Virginia
• Settlers Form the House of Burgess
– King James I did not trust
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Became a colony under English Rule (1624)
James Rolfe Perfects Tobacco Crop
Virginia Company
John Smith
Massachusetts
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Religious Tolerance
Mayflower
Pilgrims
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Maryland
• Lord Baltimore (1634)
• Refuge for Catholics to Escape Protestant
England
• The Act of Toleration (1649)
– Tolerance for all Christians
Connecticut
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Immigrants From Massachusetts
Puritans
River Colony
Thomas Hooker and John Haynes
Rhode Island
• First Colony to Break Away From British Rule
• Last Colony to Ratify the Constitution
• Roger Williams
– Banished From Massachusetts Bay Colony for
Religious Views
Delaware
• Dutch then Swedes then English
• One of 2 colonies founded by a Country Other
than England, France, or Spain
Carolinas
• Settled by members of the
other colonies. Original
settlers were English.
Granted a private company in
1663 and divided into two
colonies in 1711.
• Great place to grow indigo,
rice, and tobacco.
• Name came from the Latin
word carolus, meaning
“Charles.”
• Officially became a state on
November 21, 1789.
Carolinas continued
• Lords Proprietors – 8 noble supporters of
Charles II, awarded Carolina in return for their
support – 1663
• 1706 – Bath – first NC town
• 1710 – New Bern founded – became 1st capital
of NC
• Three regions
1. Coastal Plain in east
2. Piedmont in central
3. Mountains in west
New Immigration
• NC becomes royal colony in 1728.
• New settlers
1. Scots-Irish – settled in east
2. Highland Scots – settled in east
3. Germans and Moravians –settled in
Piedmont – backcountry
4. Africans – brought as slaves – fewer than many
other southern colonies
• Great Wagon Road
• Moravians – name their land Wachovia
• 1766 – establish the towns of Bethabara and Salem
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Economy/Social Structure
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Economy – North Carolina was mostly agricultural.
Cash Crops – Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo
Naval Stores – tar, pitch, turpentine
Trade was difficult due to NC’s lack of roads and
difficult waterways.
• Social Classes
1. Gentry – rich planters, doctors, lawyers
2. Artisans – craftsmen – blacksmith, cobblers
3. Small Farmers – Yeomen – biggest group
4. Indentured Servants – poor people who
bought their passage to America with their service.
5. Slaves/Indians
•Growing conflict between Eastern and Western NC
over taxes and political power.
• Triangle Trade – three-part voyage
A. Europe to Africa – manufactured trade goods
B. Africa to America (Middle Passage)- slaves
C. America to Europe – raw materials (lumber,
cotton, tobacco)
New York
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Settled by Dutch Traders
Established to be a Trade Center
Features Waterways for Easy Trade
Duke of York
New Jersey
• Duke of York Gives Land to Friends
– Lord Berkley
– Sir George Carteret
• Freedom of Religion
Pennsylvania
• William Penn
• Quakers
• Religious Tolerance
Georgia
• James Oglethorpe
1. Buffer State
2. Freedom From Religion
3. Poor Could Build a New Life
Name
Founded By
Year
Virginia
London Co.
1607
New Hampshire
John Mason and Others
1623
Massachusetts
Plymouth
Maine
Puritans
Separatists
F. Gorges
1628
1620
1623
Maryland
Lord Baltimore
1634
Connecticut
New Haven
Mass. Emigrants
Mass. Emigrants
1635
1638
Rhode Island
R. Williams
1636
Delaware
Swedes
1638
N. Carolina
Virginians
1653
New York
Duke of York
1664
New Jersey
Berkeley and Carteret
1664
Carolina
Eight Nobles
1670
Pennsylvania
William Penn
1681
Georgia
Oglethorpe and others
1733
Early Government in the Colonies
• English Bill of Rights – limited King’s power; gave
representative government (Parliament) more power
• Representative Government – the people elect
representatives to speak for them in government
• Mayflower Compact – first attempt at selfgovernment in the English colonies
• Town meetings – first form of American government
in which all free men could participate
• House of Burgess – first representative
government in America
• Proprietary Colony – privately-owned
colony
• Royal Colony – government-run colony