Tissues
 Epithelial
cavities
– surface, lining body
 Connective
 Muscle
– hard and soft
– movement
 Nervous
- communication
 After
two wks. three germ layers
produced – endoderm, mesoderm,
ectoderm
 Histogenesis determines the tissue
type.
 Epitheial – all
 Connective/muscle – mesoderm
 Nervous - ectoderm
 Membranous
–
 Body
covering
 Vessels
 Resp., digestive, GU systems
 Glandular
 Endocrine
and exocrine glands
Protection
Sensory
– skin, nose, eye, ear
Secretion – hormones, sweat,
mucus, digestive enzymes
Absorption – gut – resp. gases
Excretion – renal tubules
Limited matrix material
 Under scope appears as tightly packed sheets
 Epithelium attached to basal membrane (layer of
connective tissue by a thin noncellular layer)
 Glycoproteins (basal lamina) secreted by
epithelial cells and a mesh of fibers (reticular
lamina) produced by the connective tissue
 Adhesive molecules (integrins) help bind
cytoskeleton of epithelial cells to basement
membrane

 Avascular
 Diffusion
allows for O2 and nutrients
 Can reproduce themselves
 Based
on cell shape
 Based
on layers of cells
 Give
criteria
 Flat
 One
layer
 Scale-like
 Diffusion easy through this tissue
 Alveoli, pleura, pericardium, lymph vessels
One
layer
Cube shaped
Glands
kidneys
 Mucus
membrane
 Stomach lining
 Uterus
 Intestine
 Goblet cells – secretory vesicles – mucus
 Microvilli present
 Surface structure expands – fan demo
 Air
passages
 Urethra
 Cells differ in height and gives false
impression of stratification
 Resp.system lining = cilia moves one
direction for protection = in or out?
 Keratinized




Protective factor on outer surface -keratohyaline
Resistance to friction and traction
Dry
Typically impermeable
 Non-keratinized



Lining the vagina, mouth, esophagus
Free surface is moist
Allows diffusion of materials
 Two
or more rows arranged randomly over
basement membrane
 Sweat gland ducts
 Pharynx
 Part of epiglottis
 Multiple
layers
 Rare locations


Male urethra
Mucus layer near anus
 Find
in areas of stress and tension change
 Wall
of bladder
 Shape changes from cuboidal to columnar
 DURING
THE VOIDING PROCESSS, THIS
TISSUE GOES THROUGH GREAT TRANSITION!
 Secretory
 Exocrine
in nature
glands – discharge secretion into
ducts

saliva
 Endocrine
the blood

hormones
glands – discharge secretion into
 Apocrine
 Holocrine
 Merocrine
?
 What
is the most widespread
abundant tissue?
 Nerve tissue is derived from what
germ layer?
 Define tissue
 Blood is a member of what tissue
type?
 What
tissue lines body cavities?
 Function of epithelial tissue
 Where is keratinized squamous
epithelium found?
 Know glandular differences
 Function of connective tissue
 Where is collagenous tissue found?
One of the Most widespread tissues in the body
 Delicate
 Tough
 Rigid
 Blood
tissue paper webs
resilient cords
bones
Connects
– muscle to muscle
Supports - framework
Transports - nutrients,
hormones, waste
Defends - skin
 Matrix
– intracellular material
 Ground substance – embedded in matrix
along with fibers and fluid
 Qualities of matrix and fibers determine
structure of tissue
 Blood – matrix is plasma – no fibers, many
cells (except during coagulation)
 Number of fibers determine
consistency/strength

Collagenous – white – tough and strong – occur in
bundles (provides strength)
Possibly accounting for more than one-fourth of
protein in body
 Typically reflects aging process


Reticular – elastic and delicate – occur in
networks (supports nerves, capillaries)

These are produced by fibroblasts and some other
cells
Made
of elastin
Found in tissues that can
stretch – nose, etc.
What do you know about
elastic products?
 Protein
fibers + proteoglycans (polysacharide
chains – glucosamine) = matrix fluid
 This
fluid is thick
 Barrier
 Also,
for microbes
transparent lubricant to hold tissue
together
 Structural
characteristics of the
intracellular material
 Fibrous – extracellular fibers are
predominant feature
 Bone – fibers and hard mineral ground
substance
 Cartilage – ground substance traps water
to form a firm gel
 Blood - lack of fibers in matrix
Loose/ordinary/areolar
 Stretchable
 Most widely distributed of all tissues
 Connects adjacent structures – acts like glue
that permits movement
 Term areolar refers to bubbly effect when pulled
apart on dissection
 Matrix is soft, thick gel but hyaluronic acid can
turn it watery
 IM absorption increases with watery state
 Strep bacterium release this acid to allow for
ease of permeability

 Macrophages
 Type
carry on phagocytosis
of WBC – mast cell
 Predominately
fat cells and few fibroblasts,
macrophages and mast cells
 Provides
padding
 Storage
 insulation
 Three
dimensional web (reticular network)
 Framework of the spleen, lymph, bone
marrow
 Defense
mechanism that acts as a filter,
traps and eats invaders
 Fibers
packed densely in matrix
 Few fibroblasts
 Regular/irregular – depends on arrangement
of fibers
 Dense – bundles of fibers of collagen –
tendons (flexible and great strength)
 ligament – mostly elastic fibers
 Irregular – bundles not in parallel rows, but
thick mat - dermis
Osseous
 Most specialized of connective tissue
 Collagen and mineral salts (65%) which creates
density and strength

Support/protection/mineral reserve
 Basic unit of the bone is the osteon (Haversian
system)
 Osteocytes located in lacunae – arranged in
concentric manner called lamellae
 Canaliculi connect each lacuna and osteocyte
with bl vessels in Haversian canal

 Osteoblast
 Osteocyte
 osteoclast
 Only
has one cell type – chondrocyte
 Chondrocytes produce fibers and tough
gristle ground substance
 Also found in lacunae
 Avascular – diffusion
 Cartilage injury heals slowly
 Fibrocartilage


– strongest/most durable
Strong densly packed collagen
Intervertebral disks,meniscus
 Elastic
cartilage – little collagen/great amt of
elastic fibers

Great flexibility

External ear, voice box, larynx
 Hyaline
(glass) - low amount of collagen –
shiny/transparent

Esophageal rings, end of bones
 Most
unusual
 Liquid state
 No ground substance or fibers
 Plasma (55%) and formed elements (cells)
 Body transport
 Maintains body temp.
 Regulates ph of body fluids
 Phagocytosis/defense
 Hematopoiesis – red marrow
3
types

 Skeletal
– striated - voluntary
 Smooth - involuntary
 Cardiac - cross striations and bands
 More
developed excitability and conductivity
than other tissue types
 Organs – brain, spinal cord, nerves
 Neurons
– basic unit
 Neuroglia – supporting/connecting cells
 Cell
body – soma
 Axon – away
 Dendrite - down
 Damage
= scars = keloid
 Phagocytic cells remove debris
 Regeneration


Fibrous tissue
Granulation tissue
 Greatest
regeneration capacity – epithelial
and connective


Muscle – limited regeneration – decreased
strength
Nerves – limited regeneration


brain and spinal cord do not regenerate
Nerve growth factor may prove successful

Epithelial
Cutaneous
 Serous





Mucus





Parietal – lines wall of cavity like wallpaper
Visceral – covers organs
Peritoneum – covers abd. viscera
Produce mucus
Defense
Moistens food
Lubricant for digestion
Connective
Line spaces btwn bones
 Synovial fluid

 Neoplasm
– new matter
 Benign
 Malignant
 Tumor
 Metastasis
 Papilloma
– fingerlike projections
 Adenoma – tumor of gland
 Nevus – mole
 Hyperplasia – too many cells
 Anaplasia - undifferentiated cells
 CA





Genetic
Environmental
Ingestion
Inhalation
Radiation
 Detection






of CA
MRI
CAT scan
X-Ray
Serum
Self-exam
Bx.
 Grading

staging
 TMT









Herbal
Psychotherapy
Chemotherapy
Radiation
PO med
Laser
Immunotherapy –
Nuclear meds
Gene therapy
 How
are salivary glands classified?
 What is known as loose ordinary
connective tissue?
 What is the purpose of adipose
tissue?
 What kind of tissue is red bone
marrow?
 Another name for skeletal muscle
 What
tissue is composed of neurons?
 Most prevalent cartilage?
 Cilia are found on what types of
cells?
 Most complex tissue
 Mature bone cells are called –
 Characteristics of skeletal muscles
 Define
matrix
 Phagocytosis
 Keloid
 Inflammation process