After completing this chapter, you should be able to do the following.
1.
Identify the four major types of tissues in the body, describe their roles and identify common characteristics (within each type).
2.
For the each of the four primary types, be able to identify/recognize the specific subgroups and list: a.
Purpose/function b.
Location in body – be specific! c.
Components of extracellular matrix d.
Cell types e.
Fibers if applicable f.
Noteworthy structures
3.
Describe the relationship between form and function for each type of epithelium.
4.
Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands, and unicellular and multicellular glands.
5.
Describe the process of secretion in merocrine and holocrine glands.
6.
Be able to describe the four types of membranes and specify the function of each.
1.
Correctly identify the four major tissue types. Enter your answer in the blanks.
______________________ a. Forms membranes
______________________ b. Allows for movement of limbs and organs
______________________ c. Uses electrochemical signals to carry out its function
______________________ d. Supports and reinforces body organs
______________________ e. Cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances
______________________ f. Basis of the major controlling system of the body
______________________ g. Its cells shorten to exert force
______________________ h. Forms endocrine and exocrine glands
______________________ i. Surrounds and cushions body organs.
______________________ j. Characterized by having large amounts of extracellular material
______________________ k. Allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski and throw a ball
______________________ l. Widely distributed; found in bones, cartilage and fat deposits
______________________ m. Forms the brain and spinal cord
1

2.
Correctly match the epithelial type with the appropriate location.
Key Choices
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Simple columnar
Simple cuboidal
Simple squamous
Stratified columnar
Stratified squamous
Transitional
______________________ a. Lines the stomach and most of the intestines
______________________ b. Lines the inside of the mouth
______________________ c. Lines much of the respiratory tract
______________________ d. Endothelium and mesothelium
______________________ e. Lines the inside of the urinary bladder
3.
Correctly match the epithelial type with the appropriate function.
Key Choices
Endothelium
Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Transitional
A ciliated epithelium
______________________ a. Protection
______________________ b. Small molecules pass through rapidly
______________________ c. Propel sheets of mucus
______________________ d. Absorption, secretion, or ion transport
______________________ e. Stretches
4.
Write T in the answer blank if a statement is true. If false, correct the underlined word(s) by writing the correct word(s) in the answer blanks.
______________________ a. Exocrine glands are classified functionally as merocrine, holocrine, or apocrine
______________________ b. The above classification refers to the way ducts branch.
______________________ c. In apocrine glands, secretions are produced and released immediately by exocytosis
______________________ d. Holocrine glands store secretions until the cell rupture. Ruptured cells are replaced through mitosis.
______________________ e. A sweat gland is an example of a holocrine gland.
______________________ f. Endocrine glands include ducts that carries secretions to a target organ or location.
______________________ g. Exocrine glands secrete hormones directly into blood or lymph.
2

5.
Epithelium exhibits many of the plasma membrane modifications. Complete Figure 4.2 as directed. a.
Color the listed structures as indicated.
Epithelial cell cytoplasm - Lt. blue
Epithelial cell nucleus - Purple
Nerve fibers - Orange
Connective tissue - Green
Blood vessel - Red b.
Identify the following structures or regions by labeling the appropriate leader line using the choices that follow.
Epithelium
Basal region
Apical region
Capillary
Connective tissue
Basement membrane
Basal lamina
Microvilli
Cilia
Reticular lamina
Tight junctions
Desmosome
3

6.
Using the key choices, identify the connective tissue types. Enter your answers in the blanks.
Key Choices
Adipose connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Elastic cartilage
Elastic connective tissue
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Osseous tissue
Reticular connective tissue
______________________ a. Parallel bundles of collagen fibers provide strength; found in tendons
______________________ b. Stores fat
______________________ c. The skin dermis
______________________ d. Hardest tissue of our “skull cap”
______________________ e. Composes the basement membrane; surrounds and cushions blood vessels and nerves; its gel-like matrix contains all categories of fibers and many cells
______________________ f. Forms the embryonic skeleton; covers surfaces of bones at joints; reinforces the trachea
______________________ g. Insulates the body
______________________ h. Firm, slightly “rubbery” matrix; appears milky white and “glassy”
______________________ i. Concentric circles of cells around a nutrient canal; matrix is hard due to calcium salts
______________________ j. Contains collagen fibers; found in intervertebral discs
______________________ k. Makes supporting framework of lymphoid organs
______________________ l. Found in the external ear and auditory tube
______________________ m. Forms the “stretchy” ligaments of the vertebral column
7.
Using the key choices, identify the connective tissue types. Enter your answers in the blanks.
Key Choices
Adipocytes
Chondrocytes
Elastic fibers
Ground substance
Hemocytoblast
Macrophages
Matrix
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Reticular fibers
Collagen fibers
______________________ a. Composed of ground substance and structural protein fibers
______________________ b. Composed of glycoproteins and water-binding glycosaminoglycans
______________________ c. Tough protein fibers that resist stretching or longitudinal tearing
______________________ d. Primary bone marrow cell type that remains actively mitotic
4

______________________ e. Fine, branching protein fibers that construct a supportive network
______________________ f. Large, irregularly shaped cells, widely distributed, often found in
CTx; engulf cellular debris and foreign matter; active in immunity
______________________ g. The medium through which nutrients and other substances diffuse
______________________ h. Living elements that maintain the firm, flexible matrix in cartilage
______________________ i. Randomly coiled protein fibers that recoil after being stretched
______________________ j. The structural element of areolar tissue that is fluid and provides a reservoir of water and salts for neighboring tissues
______________________ k. In a loose connective tissue, the nondividing cells that store nutrients
______________________ l. Cellular elements that produce the collagen fibers of bone matrix
______________________ m. Provides the medium for nutrient transport throughout the body
______________________ n. Forms the “stretchy” ligaments of the vertebral column
8.
Five simplified drawings are shown in Figure 4.4.
Color the membranes as specified.
Mucosae - pink
Visceral pleura - red
Parietal pleura - blue
Visceral pericardium - yellow
Endothelium - turquoise
Parietal peritoneum - orange
Visceral peritoneum - purple
Mesentery - green
5

9.
Describe the location and purpose of synovial membranes.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
10.
The three types of muscle tissue exhibit certain similarities and differences. Insert Sk (skeletal),
C (cardiac), or Sm (smooth) into the blanks to indicate which muscle type exhibits each characteristic. Hint! There may be more than one correct answer.
_______ a. Voluntarily controlled
_______ b. Involuntarily controlled
_______ c. Banded appearance
_______ d. Uninucleate
_______ e. Multinucleate
_______ f. Found attached to bones
_______ g. Enables you to swallow
_______ h. Found in the walls of the small intestine, uterus, bladder and veins
_______ i. Contains spindle-shaped cells
_______ j. Contains cylindrical cells with branching ends
_______ k. Contains long, non-branching cylindrical cells
_______ l. Displays intercalated disks
_______ m. Concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole
_______ n. Changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts
_______ o. Tissue of the circulatory pump
11.
Describe briefly how the particular structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12.
Circle the word that does not apply to neuroglia: Support Insulate Conduct Protect
6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15