Chapter 5 section 2
Define the terms below:
1. Censorship
2. Salon
3. Enlightened despot
4. Baroque
5. Rococo
ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS
SPREAD
Enlightenment Ideas Spread
Read Setting the Scene on page 149 as well as
the Global Connections section
Benjamin Franklin
ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS
SPREAD
Chapter 5 Section 2
The Challenge of New Ideas
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Educated people all over Europe eagerly read
and consumed information.
Because of advances in printing technology, printers
were making copies faster and cheaper
Pamphlets were made on a broad range of issues,
that made readers see the need to change society .
The Challenge of New Ideas
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Things were not as they were in the Middle Ages.
Government and the Church felt they needed to
defend the old ways
Censorship was used by the old orders in an
attempt to control the Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers attempted to outsmart the
censors, by creating works that were disguised as
fiction, but addressed societal ills. (Persian Letters,
Montesquieu, Candide, Voltaire, pg149)
The Challenge of New Ideas
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The new ideas of the time were discussed in salons
Middle class citizens could meet with the nobility
and exchanged enlightenment ideas across locations
and social classes.
Enlightened Despots
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Some enlightened thinkers attempted to reform
society by enlightening the ruling class.
These “enlightened despots used their power to
bring about political and social changes.
Frederick the Great
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King of Prussia from 1740-1786
Saw himself as the “first servant of the state,”
though he ruled his people with tight control
Accepted religious diversity “in my kingdom,
everyone can go to heaven in his own fashion.”
Wanted Prussian government to be more
which lead to more power for himself
Catherine the Great
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Was a major fan of Voltaire and Diderot
Influenced by enlightenment ideas and limited
reforms in law and government early in her reign as
empress
Like Frederick the Great she believed in the
enlightenment ideas, but used them as ju
increase her power and expand her em
Catherine
the Great
Joseph II
Joseph II
Catherine
the Great
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The most radical of the enlightened despots
Traveled in disguise amongst his subjects in order to
learn their problems
Reformist, he granted toleration to Protestants and
Jews within Catholic empire
Put an end to censorship and attempted to put the
Church under royal control.
He did the most to reform the lives of his sub
The Arts and Literature
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1600’s and 1700’s, the arts evolved to meet
changing tastes
Artists and composers had to please their patrons so
they could get more commissions
Courtly art was art done in the Greek and Roman
tradition, or a grand and complex style known as
Baroque
Baroque Painting – The Nightwatch
The Nightwatch is an oil painting by Rembrandt. This painting was completed in 1642
and is one of the most famous paintings in the world and is a great example of
Baroque paintings.
Baroque Architecture - Trevi Fountain
Is a fountain in the Trevi district in Rome, Italy, designed by Italian architect Nicola
Salvi and completed by Pietro Bracci in 1762. It is the largest Baroque fountain in the
city and one of the most famous fountains in the world.
The Arts and Literature
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Characteristics of baroque paintings are that they
were large in size, colorful, and the scenes were
exciting.
Baroque paintings glorified historic battles or the
lives of saints.
As a reaction to the baroque style the rococo style
emerged in the mid 1700s.
Rococo art was personal, elegant and charming.
The Arts and Literature
For the first time, a growing middle class demanded
their own paintings
 Successful merchants and prosperous town officials
wanted no frills paintings
 New kinds of music emerge.
1.
Ballets
2.
Opera
3.
Plays set to music
All began to be performed in this era
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The Arts and Literature
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1.
2.
3.
`
Musical figures of the era
Johann Sebastian Bach, Ave Maria
http://www.biography.com/people/johannsebastian-bach-9194289/videos
George Frederick Handel, Messiah
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Requiem
http://www.biography.com/people/wolfgangmozart-9417115/videos
The Arts and Literature
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1700s middle class readers were reading more
than ever before.
A new type of literature developed during this time,
the novel
Middle class readers enjoyed these books because
of the straight forward writing of stories about their
own times.
Daniel Defoe wrote Robinson Crusoe (pg153)
Lives of the Majority
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The vast majority of European society were still
peasants who lived in small rural villages.
Culture was based on rituals and traditions of the
past
Worked at tenants for large landowners, some were
day laborers, or worked on other people’s farms.
Central and Eastern Europe still had the feudal
system and serfdom
Very few people were a part of the new
enlightened middle class.
ADD TO YOUR BINDER
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Answer questions 1-5 on page 153