Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Objectives
Identify the functions of the skin.
Describe behaviors that can keep your
skin healthy.
Explain the functions of your hair and nails
and how to care for them.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Myth Spending time in the sun can clear up acne.
Fact Tanned skin may temporarily camouflage the
redness of acne, but it does not treat the condition.
Also, many acne medications make skin more sensitive
to the sun.
Identify another skin-care misconception that
teens may hold. Why do you think they have that
misconception?
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Your Skin
• The skin covers and protects the body from injury,
infection, and water loss.
• The skin also helps to regulate body temperature
and gathers information from the environment.
• Protection The skin shields and protects the organs and
tissues beneath it.
• Temperature Regulation When you are warm, sweat
glands in the skin produce perspiration, which cools your
body. When you are cold, the blood vessels narrow,
keeping more heat within your body.
• Information Gathering Nerves in the skin provide
information to your central nervous system about
outside factors.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
The Epidermis
• The outermost layer of your skin is the epidermis
(ep uh DUR mis).
• The dead cells in skin contain a protein called
keratin that makes the skin tough and waterproof.
• Cells deep in the epidermis produce the protein
melanin, a dark pigment that gives skin some of its
color.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
The Dermis
• The dermis (DUR mis) is the tough, elastic layer of
skin that lies below the epidermis.
• A tiny opening on the surface of the skin is called
a pore.
• Strands of hair grow within the dermis in structures
called follicles.
• Oil is secreted into follicles by sebaceous glands.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Layers of the Skin
Pore
Hair
Sebaceous
gland
Epidermis
Sweat
droplet
Dermis
Fat
Blood vessels
Sweat
gland
Hair follicle
Nerve
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Caring for Your Skin
• Eating a balanced, healthy diet; drinking plenty of
water; and sleeping enough will keep your skin
healthy.
• The most important things you can do for your skin
are to avoid damage from the sun and tanning lamps
and to monitor moles.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Preventing Skin Damage
• Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can lead
to skin cancer, including a sometimes deadly form
called melanoma.
• When you are outside, it is important to wear
sunscreen that blocks UVA and UVB rays.
• Sunscreen should be reapplied frequently.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Monitoring Moles
• The first sign of melanoma is usually an irregularly
shaped mole, or brown spot, that increases in size.
• The mole may become blue-black or have
blackish spots.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Treating Acne
• One common skin problem in teens is acne.
• Acne forms when excess oil and dead cells plug a
hair follicle.
• Products that contain benzoyl peroxide can help mild
cases of acne.
• A dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in
treating skin problems.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
For: More on acne
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Treating Eczema
• Eczema (EK suh muh) is a condition in which an area
of skin becomes red, swollen, hot, and itchy.
• Sometimes the skin blisters and oozes.
• In most cases, eczema can be treated with a
medication applied to the skin.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Treating Skin Infections
• Boils Boils are swollen, painful infections of hair follicles
caused by bacteria.
• Cold Sores Cold sores are clusters of watery blisters caused
by a virus.
• Warts Warts are hardened growths on the skin that are also
caused by a virus.
• Ringworm The ringworm fungus, which is highly contagious,
produces red, scaly, ring-shaped patches on the skin.
• Athlete’s Foot Causes burning, itching, cracking, and peeling
of the skin on the feet and between the toes.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Your Hair
• Hair protects the scalp from sunlight and provides
insulation from the cold.
• Hairs in the nostrils and ears and your eyelashes,
prevent debris from entering the body.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Care for Your Hair
• Frequent brushing
of your hair will
remove excess dirt
and make your
hair shine.
• Shampooing
removes dirt and
oil buildup
from sebaceous
gland secretions.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Hair Problems
• Head lice are small insects that live on the scalp and
lay their eggs on hair.
• The best way to prevent infections is to avoid sharing
combs, brushes, or hats.
• Dandruff occurs when the epidermal cells of the
scalp are shed at a faster than normal rate.
• Some factors that may contribute to dandruff are
fungal infections, overactive oil glands, stress, and
heredity.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Your Nails
• Nails grow from an area of rapidly dividing cells near
the tips of fingers and toes.
• The tough, platelike nails cover and protect the tips
of your fingers and toes, which come in frequent
contact with objects in your environment.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Caring for Your Nails
• Keeping your nails
clean will help prevent
the spread of infectious
microorganisms to
other parts of your body
and to other people.
• Clip and file your nails
so that their edges
are smooth.
• Avoid biting your nails.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Nail Problems
• An ingrown toenail results when the sides of a
toenail grow into the skin.
• If not treated properly, ingrown nails can
become infected.
• Fungal infections of the nails are common in people
who often have wet hands or feet.
• Infected nails appear thick and discolored with
white markings.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Vocabulary
epidermis
keratin
The outermost layer of skin.
A protein in dead skin cells of the epidermis that
makes skin tough and waterproof.
melanin
A pigment released in the epidermis that gives
skin color and causes skin to tan.
dermis
A tough, elastic layer of skin that lies below the
epidermis.
pore
follicle
A tiny opening in the skin through which sweat is
secreted.
A skin structure in which a strand of hair grows
and oil is secreted.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
Vocabulary
sebaceous gland
melanoma
acne
dermatologist
eczema
A gland that secretes oil into a hair follicle in the
skin; the oil softens and moistens hair and skin.
A serious form of skin cancer.
A lesion that forms when excess oil and dead
cells plug a hair follicle.
A doctor who treats skin problems.
A condition in which an area of irritated skin
becomes red, swollen, hot, and itchy.
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
QuickTake Quiz
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Section 14.2 Your Skin, Hair, and Nails
End of Section 14.2
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