Biology Midterm Review
Press F5
Use the arrows to move from slide to slide
Answer all the questions first on notebook paper
(Number 1-30)
An answer key will be found at the end
1. Which characteristic is shared by all
prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
•
•
•
•
A. ability to store hereditary information
B. use of organelles to control cell processes
C. use of cellular respiration for energy release
D. ability to move in response to
environmental stimuli
2. Living organisms can be classified as
prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two
structures are common to both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
•
•
•
•
A. cell wall and nucleus
B. cell wall and chloroplast
C. plasma membrane and nucleus
D. plasma membrane and cytoplasm
3. Which statement correctly describes
how carbon’s ability to form four
bonds makes it uniquely suited to form
macromolecules?
• A. It forms short, simple carbon chains.
• B. It forms large, complex, diverse molecules.
• C. It forms covalent bonds with other carbon
atoms.
• D. It forms covalent bonds that can exist in a
single plane.
4. Carbohydrates and proteins are two
types of macromolecules. Which
function of proteins distinguishes
them from carbohydrates?
•
•
•
•
A. large amount of stored information
B. acts as an enzyme in biochemical reactions
C. efficient storage of usable chemical energy
D. tendency to make cell membranes
hydrophobic
5. Substance A is converted to
substance B in a metabolic reaction.
Which statement best describes the
role of an enzyme during this
reaction?
•
• A. It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium.
• B. It provides energy to carry out the reaction.
• C. It dissolves substance A in the reaction
medium.
• D. It speeds up the reaction without being
consumed.
6. A scientist observes that, when the pH of the
environment surrounding an enzyme is changed,
the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly
decreases. Which statement best describes how a
change in pH can affect an enzyme?
•
• A. A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape.
• B. A pH change can remove energy necessary to activate an
enzyme.
• C. A pH change can add new molecules to the structure of
the enzyme.
• D. A pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a
different substrate.
7. The units liter, milliliter, and cubic
centimeter are all used to measure
•
•
•
•
A. Volume
B. Mass
C. Length
D. Width
• 8. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two
major processes of carbon cycling in living
organisms. Which statement correctly describes
one similarity between photosynthesis and
cellular respiration?
•
•
•
•
A. Both occur in animal and plant cells.
B. Both include reactions that transform energy.
C. Both convert light energy into chemical energy.
D. Both synthesize organic molecules as end
products.
• 9. A protein in a cell membrane changed its
shape to move sodium and potassium ions
against their concentration gradients. Which
molecule was most likely used by the protein
as an energy source?
•
•
•
•
A. ATP
B. ADP
C. catalase
D. amylase
10. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that
can move freely across a plasma membrane.
What determines the direction that carbon
dioxide and oxygen molecules move?
• A. orientation of cholesterol in the plasma
membrane
• B. concentration gradient across the plasma
membrane
• C. configuration of phospholipids in the plasma
membrane
• D. location of receptors on the surface of the
plasma membrane
11. A cell is placed into a hypertonic solution.
The net movement of water across the
membrane will be in which direction?
•
•
•
•
A. Out of the cell
B. Into the cell
C. No net movement
D. No change
12. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What
is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum
assists the Golgi apparatus?
• A. It assembles nucleic acids from monomers.
• B. It breaks down old, damaged macromolecules.
• C. It packages new protein molecules into
vesicles.
• D. It determines which protein molecules to
synthesize.
13. Which example is an activity that humans
most likely use to maintain homeostasis
within their body?
•
•
•
•
A. Riding a bike
B. Blinking
C. Sweating
D. Sleeping
14. In the scientific process, what is the most
important characteristics of the scientific
question or hypothesis?
• A. that the question or hypothesis requires a
simple experimental design
• B. That the question or hypothesis can be tested
through research and experimentation
• C. That the question or hypothesis accounts for
several variables
• D. That the question or hypothesis builds on
existing ideas
15. Which of the following characteristics do all
living things share?
•
•
•
•
A. all living things obtain and use energy
B. all living things move
C. all living things breathe oxygen
D. all living things are multicellular
The enzyme catalase speeds up the chemical reaction that changes
hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. The amount of oxygen
given off is an indication of the rate of the reaction.
16. Based on the graph, what can
you conclude about the
relationship between enzyme
concentration and reaction rate?
• A. Reaction rate decreases with
increasing enzyme concentration.
• B. Reaction rate increases with
decreasing enzyme
concentration.
• C. Reaction rate increases with
increasing enzyme concentration.
• D. The variables are indirectly
proportional.
The enzyme catalase speeds up the chemical reaction that changes
hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. The amount of oxygen
given off is an indication of the rate of the reaction.
17. Which concentration
of catalase will produce
the fastest reaction
rate?
•
•
A. 5%
•
B. 10%
•
C. 15%
•
D. 20%
18. A solution of soapy water has a slippery feel,
turns litmus paper blue and has a pH of 8.5.
The soapy described as
•
•
•
•
A. a neutral solution
B. an acidic solution
C. a corrosive solution
D. a basis solution
19. When salt dissolved into water to make salt
water, what is the solvent?
•
•
•
•
A. salt
B. water
C. salt water
D. acid
20. The polarity of water explains which
properties of water?
• A. cohension
• B. adhension
C. heat capacity
• D. All of the above
21. What are the products of the
light-dependent reactions?
• A. Oxygen gas, H20, and
NADP+ are the products of the
light-dependent reactions.
• B. Oxygen gas, ATP, and
NADPH are the products of the
light-dependent reactions.
• C. CO2, sugars, are the
products of the lightdependent reactions.
• D. Oxygen gas, ADP, and
NADP+ are the products of the
light-dependent reactions.
22. What structure is
shown in the figure?
•
•
•
•
A. mitochondria
B. grana
C. golgi apparatus
D. chloroplast
23. Which type of organic compound is generally
not soluble in water and is used as long term
energy storage?
•
•
•
•
A. carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
24. Animal cells have all of the following except:
• A. mitochondria
• B. chloroplasts
• C. a nucleus
• D. a cell membrane
25. In eukaryotic cells, the structure that
controls the cell’s activities is the
• A. cell membrane
• B. organelle
• C. nucleolus
• D. nucleus
26. Energy is released upon the conversion of
• A. AMP to ADP
• B. ADP to ATP
• C. ATP to ADP
• D. ATP to AZP
27. One of the basic ideas of the Cell Theory is
that cells
• A. are the same in all organisms.
• B. are the basic units of structure and function
in organisms.
• C. can regenerate after death.
• D. contain only living materials.
Scenario
A student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into four test tubes.
Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. Then, he placed an
aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, and a snail into two as shown below. He placed
a stopper on each test tube and let them sit for 24 hours.
•
A
B
C
D
28. What color will the
bromthymol blue turn
in test tube B?
• A. Yellow.
• B. Blue.
• C. Purple
• D. Pink.
Scenario
A student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into four test tubes.
Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. Then, he placed an
aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, and a snail into two as shown below. He placed
a stopper on each test tube and let them sit for 24 hours.
•
A
B
C
D
29. Look at Figure 9. Which
process would you expect the
organism in the test tube B to
carry out—cellular respiration,
photosynthesis, or both?
• A. Cellular respiration
• B. Photosynthesis.
• C. Both.
Scenario
A student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into four test tubes.
Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. Then, he placed an
aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, and a snail into two as shown below. He placed
a stopper on each test tube and let them sit for 24 hours.
•
A
B
C
D
30. What color will the
bromthymol blue turn
in test tube C?
• A. Blue
• B. Yellow
• C. Purple
• D. Pink
Answer Key (press )
1. Which characteristic is shared by all
prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
•
•
•
•
A. ability to store hereditary information
B. use of organelles to control cell processes
C. use of cellular respiration for energy release
D. ability to move in response to
environmental stimuli
2. Living organisms can be classified as
prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two
structures are common to both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
•
•
•
•
A. cell wall and nucleus
B. cell wall and chloroplast
C. plasma membrane and nucleus
D. plasma membrane and cytoplasm
3. Which statement correctly describes
how carbon’s ability to form four
bonds makes it uniquely suited to form
macromolecules?
• A. It forms short, simple carbon chains.
• B. It forms large, complex, diverse molecules.
• C. It forms covalent bonds with other carbon
atoms.
• D. It forms covalent bonds that can exist in a
single plane.
4. Carbohydrates and proteins are two
types of macromolecules. Which
function of proteins distinguishes
them from carbohydrates?
•
•
•
•
A. large amount of stored information
B. acts as an enzyme in biochemical reactions
C. efficient storage of usable chemical energy
D. tendency to make cell membranes
hydrophobic
5. Substance A is converted to
substance B in a metabolic reaction.
Which statement best describes the
role of an enzyme during this
reaction?
•
• A. It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium.
• B. It provides energy to carry out the reaction.
• C. It dissolves substance A in the reaction
medium.
• D. It speeds up the reaction without being
consumed.
6. A scientist observes that, when the pH of the
environment surrounding an enzyme is changed,
the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly
decreases. Which statement best describes how a
change in pH can affect an enzyme?
•
• A. A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape.
• B. A pH change can remove energy necessary to activate an
enzyme.
• C. A pH change can add new molecules to the structure of
the enzyme.
• D. A pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a
different substrate.
7. The units liter, milliliter, and cubic
centimeter are all used to measure
•
•
•
•
A. Volume
B. Mass
C. Length
D. Width
• 8. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two
major processes of carbon cycling in living
organisms. Which statement correctly describes
one similarity between photosynthesis and
cellular respiration?
•
•
•
•
A. Both occur in animal and plant cells.
B. Both include reactions that transform energy.
C. Both convert light energy into chemical energy.
D. Both synthesize organic molecules as end
products.
• 9. A protein in a cell membrane changed its
shape to move sodium and potassium ions
against their concentration gradients. Which
molecule was most likely used by the protein
as an energy source?
•
•
•
•
A. ATP
B. ADP
C. catalase
D. amylase
10. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that
can move freely across a plasma membrane.
What determines the direction that carbon
dioxide and oxygen molecules move?
• A. orientation of cholesterol in the plasma
membrane
• B. concentration gradient across the plasma
membrane
• C. configuration of phospholipids in the plasma
membrane
• D. location of receptors on the surface of the
plasma membrane
11. A cell is placed into a hypertonic solution.
The net movement of water across the
membrane will be in which direction?
•
•
•
•
A. Out of the cell
B. Into the cell
C. No net movement
D. No change
12. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells.
What is one way that the rough endoplasmic
reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus?
• A. It assembles nucleic acids from monomers.
• B. It breaks down old, damaged
macromolecules.
• C. It packages new protein molecules into
vesicles.
• D. It determines which protein molecules to
synthesize.
13. Which example is an activity that humans
most likely use to maintain homeostasis
within their body?
•
•
•
•
A. Riding a bike
B. Blinking
C. Sweating
D. Sleeping
14. In the scientific process, what is the most
important characteristics of the scientific
question or hypothesis?
• A. that the question or hypothesis requires a
simple experimental design
• B. That the question or hypothesis can be
tested through research and experimentation
• C. That the question or hypothesis accounts
for several variables
• D. That the question or hypothesis builds on
existing ideas
15. Which of the following characteristics do all
living things share?
•
•
•
•
A. all living things obtain and use energy
B. all living things move
C. all living things breathe oxygen
D. all living things are multicellular
The enzyme catalase speeds up the chemical reaction that changes
hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. The amount of oxygen
given off is an indication of the rate of the reaction.
16. Based on the graph, what can
you conclude about the
relationship between enzyme
concentration and reaction
rate?
• A. Reaction rate decreases
with increasing enzyme
concentration.
• B. Reaction rate increases with
decreasing enzyme
concentration.
• C. Reaction rate increases with
increasing enzyme
concentration.
• D. The variables are indirectly
proportional.
The enzyme catalase speeds up the chemical reaction that changes
hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. The amount of oxygen
given off is an indication of the rate of the reaction.
17. Which concentration
of catalase will produce
the fastest reaction
rate?
•
•
A. 5%
•
B. 10%
•
C. 15%
•
D. 20%
18. A solution of soapy water has a slippery feel,
turns litmus paper blue and has a pH of 8.5.
The soapy described as
•
•
•
•
A. a neutral solution
B. an acidic solution
C. a corrosive solution
D. a basic solution
19. When salt dissolved into water to make salt
water, what is the solvent?
•
•
•
•
A. salt
B. water
C. salt water
D. acid
20. The polarity of water explains which
properties of water?
• A. cohension
• B. adhension
C. heat capacity
• D. All of the above
21. What are the products of
the light-dependent
reactions?
• A. Oxygen gas, H20, and
NADP+ are the products of
the light-dependent
reactions.
• B. Oxygen gas, ATP, and
NADPH are the products of
the light-dependent
reactions.
• C. CO2, sugars, are the
products of the lightdependent reactions.
• D. Oxygen gas, ADP, and
22. What structure is
shown in the figure?
•
•
•
•
A. mitochondria
B. grana
C. golgi apparatus
D. chloroplast
23. Which type of organic compound is generally
not soluble in water and is used as long term
energy storage?
•
•
•
•
A. carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
24. Animal cells have all of the following except:
• A. mitochondria
• B. chloroplasts
• C. a nucleus
• D. a cell membrane
25. In eukaryotic cells, the structure that
controls the cell’s activities is the
• A. cell membrane
• B. organelle
• C. nucleolus
• D. nucleus
26. Energy is released upon the conversion of
• A. AMP to ADP
• B. ADP to ATP
• C. ATP to ADP
• D. ATP to AZP
27. One of the basic ideas of the Cell Theory is
that cells
• A. are the same in all organisms.
• B. are the basic units of structure and function
in organisms.
• C. can regenerate after death.
• D. contain only living materials.
Scenario
A student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into four test tubes.
Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. Then, he placed an
aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, and a snail into two as shown below. He placed
a stopper on each test tube and let them sit for 24 hours.
•
A
B
C
D
28. What color will the
bromthymol blue turn
in test tube B?
• A. Yellow.
• B. Blue.
• C. Purple
• D. Pink.
Scenario
A student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into four test tubes.
Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. Then, he placed an
aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, and a snail into two as shown below. He placed
a stopper on each test tube and let them sit for 24 hours.
•
A
B
C
D
29. Look at Figure 9. Which
process would you expect the
organism in the test tube B to
carry out—cellular respiration,
photosynthesis, or both?
• A. Cellular respiration
• B. Photosynthesis.
• C. Both.
Scenario
A student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into four test tubes.
Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. Then, he placed an
aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, and a snail into two as shown below. He placed
a stopper on each test tube and let them sit for 24 hours.
•
A
B
C
D
30. What color will the
bromthymol blue turn
in test tube C?
• A. Blue
• B. Yellow
• C. Purple
• D. Pink