Inventions/Technology
• Henry Ford
• Wright Brothers
• Thomas Edison’s inventions
• Drake
• Skyscraper
• Telegraph
• Railroads
Big Business
• Overall impact on American life.
• Employee relations, conditions, attitude of both sides.
• Carnegie’s steel.
• Rockefeller's oil.
• Court Cases dealing with them.
Labor Unions/Strikes
• Anthracite Coal Strike
• Child Labor
• Haymarket
• Homestead
• Pullman
• Wobblies
• AFL
• Knights of Labor
Immigration
• New v. Old
• Push-Pull Factors
• Ellis Island video
• Immigration trends
• Relationship with political machines
• Angel Island
• Types of jobs
Urbanization
• Department stores
• Voter participation
• Dangers
• Health concerns
• Settlement House Movement
• Wisconsin Idea
• Racial factors in southern cities
• Plessy v. Furguson
What is it??
• Progressive Era
• Time period from 1900-1915
• Focus: cleaning up all the problems
that developed from urbanization
• Came out of: the earlier Populist
Movement
• Key Presidents Involved:
• Teddy Roosevelt
• William Taft
• Woodrow Wilson
Social Reform
• Social Reform is the cleaning up
of problems within society
• Key Reforms:
• Child Labor
• Women’s Suffrage
• Temperance
Municipal Reform
• More power given to voters
• Initiative
• Referendum
• Recall
• Amendments Passed
• 16th
• 17th
• Voting Process
• Direct Primaries
• Secret Ballot
The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt
• Entered after the assassination of
McKinley
• Considered the presidency a
“Bully Pulpit”
• He focuses on:
• Reforming big business practices
• Guarding public health
• Conserving the nation’s resources
The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt
• Big Business Reform
• Trust-Bustin’ Teddy
• Goes after the ones that harm the public
health!
• Regulation rather than busting
• Sherman Anti-trust Act really not that
effective- needed a strong president
• Interstate Commerce Commission is
strengthened
• Mann Act: ends sex trafficking
• Elkins Act: ends rebate policy
• Hepburn Act: got rid of free passes
• “Square Deal”
• Anthracite Coal Strike
• Northern Securities v. U.S.
• Came after U.S. v. E.C. Knight
The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt
• Guarding the public health
• Upton Sinclair and The Jungle
• Started the term: “muckraker”
• Led to the Meat Inspection Act
• Pure Food and Drug Act
• Meat Inspection Act
The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt
• Conservation
• Roosevelt believed the west had
‘healing powers’
• Wanted to make sure generations to
come to see the beauty
• He and his Secretary of the Interior,
Ethan A. Hitchcock, developed a
conservation plan
• Roosevelt added an additional 200
million acres for national forests,
mineral reserves, and water projects
• Established the Bureau of Forestry
and named Gifford Pinchot to head it
The Progressive Presidents- Taft
• Endorsed by Roosevelt; Roosevelt
expected Taft to carry out his
Progressive ideals
• Payne-Aldrich Tariff
• Major let down!
• Brought Taft a lot of criticism
• Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
• Reveals Taft’s insecurity
• After Pinochot accuses Ballinger of
corruption, Taft fires Pinochot. Later,
Ballinger resigns, BUT this ruins Taft’s
reputation.
The Progressive Presidents- Election of 1912
• Roosevelt hates Taft’s
presidency…vows to fix it and
decides to run again
• Roosevelt- Republican, TaftRepublican…so the party splits
• The Candidates
• Roosevelt- Bull Moose/Progressive
Party (more liberal Republicans)
• Proposes “New Nationalism”- the
government would exert its power for
the welfare of the people
• Taft- Republican Party
(conservative)
• Wilson- Democratic Party
The Progressive Presidents- Wilson
• Even though Wilson was a
Democrat, he had the same
beliefs as many life-long
Progressives
• Called his program “New
Freedom”
• Wanted to attack the “Triple
Wall of Privilege”
• Banks
• Trusts
• Tariffs
The Progressive Presidents- Wilson
• Big Business Reform
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act
• Replaces the Sherman Anti-Trust
Act
• Much more effective
• Truly begins to break up trusts,
rather than just “watch” over them
• Federal Trade Commission
• Watched out for corruption in big
business
• Reported possible violations to
Congress and the Judiciary
committees
The Progressive Presidents- Wilson
• Taxes
• Underwood Tariff Act
• Much more successful than the
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
• This one really did save people
money
• 16th Amendment
• First income taxes are passed
• Government didn’t realize how
much money they would make
• Reason why you don’t see
many tariffs any more
The Progressive Presidents- Wilson
• Finances
• Wilson established the
Federal Reserve System
• Allowed federal banks greater
control of the money flow in
times of emergency
• This control comes through
the raising and lowering of
interests rates
• Most successful institution of
its kind that we have ever
seen
Other Progressive Stuff
• Booker T. v. W.E.B.
• Muckraking
• Settlement House Movement
• Wisconsin Idea
• Members of the Progressive Movement
• Thomas Nast
• Tuskegee Institute