http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=ekytTpFy96o
U.S. History
► Wednesday,
Nov. 7
 You will need a full sheet of paper to
start notes for the Unit
Increasing Influences and Challenges
►You will be using them for Daily Learning
Target Assessments and then handing them
in, so writing information down is important.
►
Imperialism
►What
do you think this means?
Write down a definition.
►Definition: The extension of a
nation’s power over other lands.
►Based on this definition, is the
United States an imperialistic
country in 2012? Explain.
The Big Picture
► U.S.
foreign relations took a
new turn at the end of the
19th century. Global
competition for empire led
the U.S. into war with Spain
and intervention in Latin
America. The U.S. forged a
new role as an emerging
world power.
Focus
► What
inspired imperialist
activity?
► How did the U.S. gain lands?
► What caused the SpanishAmerican War?
► How did actions within America
push us into war?
► How did the U.S. treat conquered
or acquired lands?
I can. . .
 Evaluate, take, and defend positions on
the various U.S. foreign policies in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries
 Analyze the causes and consequences
of the Spanish-American War
 Identify and evaluate the factors that
influenced U.S. imperialism in the late
nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries and the ensuing debate over
imperialism
What led to the U.S. quest?
►Economic
Interests
Industrial Revolution
Close of the Frontier
►Military Needs
Alfred Thayer Mahan
What led to the U.S. quest?
►Example
of European Nations
 The scramble for territory
►Ideology
 American Nationalism
 Josiah Strong’s Our Country
First Acquisitions
► Alaska
 Purchased from Russia (1867)
►Sec. of State William Seward
 Reduce foreign possessions in NA
 Vast natural resources
 Statehood (1959)
 Importance
►Resources: timber, fur, fish, coal, oil,
gold
►Polar air routes
►Close to Russia (air bases)
First Acquisitions
► Hawaii
 Acquired (Taken!)
►Supply and fueling station
►Drew missionaries
►American investors
 Statehood (1959)
 Importance
►Sugar and pineapples
►Pearl Harbor
How it happened
► Wealthy
white planters gained
influence and power within Hawaiian
society due to prosperous sugar sales
to the U.S.
► A group plots against the king and
forces him to sign a new constitution
in 1887 – the Bayonet Const. (Pearl
Harbor ours)
► 1890 – when the economy went south
they try to restore control (U.S. ousts
Liliuokalani in 1893; annexed in 1898)
The SpanishAmerican War
An American Empire
in the Making
Simmering Unrest in Cuba
►Cuba
was a Spanish possession
►Since 1868 they had launched a
series of revolts
►Spain was weakening
►Jose Marti
 Exiled in NY, he forms the Cuban
Revolutionary Party (1892) and
leads a revolt in 1895
The Butcher
►
Spain
responds
with
Valeriano
Weyler
 Camps set
up for
civilians
►Some
200,000
die
Why U.S. interest?
► Geographic
proximity – 90
miles away
► Economic interests - $100
mil. in trade; $50 mil.
invested
► Humanitarian concerns –
deaths of especially women
and children due to hunger
and disease
The Media’s Role
► American’s
were already
sympathetic
 American tradition of Revolution
 Plus it gets a European nation out
► But the “information” they received
concerning Weyler fed it
► Two competing media moguls are
key
 William Randolph Hearst – NY Journal
 Joseph Pulitzer – NY World
Yellow Journalism
►
►
►
Scandalous
stories and large
shocking
illustrations
Sensationalized
news stories
They sent
reporters, but
relied on Cuban
sources
The de Lome Letter
President
McKinley was
openly
criticized by
Spain’s
Minister to
the U.S.
► Cuban spy
acquires it
► Published in
the NY
►
►
Journal
In February
The Explosion of
the Maine
►
►
►
►
The U.S.S. Maine had been sent to
Havana Harbor on a visit (protection;
show of force)
Feb. 15, 1898 – the Maine mysteriously
explodes: 260 killed
Yellow journalists go into high gear
But no declaration of war until April
25th
War in the Philippines
► The
first action took place here
because that is where the
Spanish fleet was
► Adm. George Dewey sent here by
Asst. Sec. of the Navy Teddy
Roosevelt
► Dewey held his fire (nearest
resupply was 7,000 miles away)
► We had new steel-hulled and iron
ships
► Took only hours
War in Cuba
►
►
Teller
Amendment –
we will not take
you over
U.S. military not
prepared:
 Wool
uniforms
 Bad beef
 Hodge-podge
of soldiers
War in Cuba
►
►
►
Rough Riders
– led by
Teddy
Roosevelt
Buffalo
soldiers
Cavalry unit –
not really;
horses left in
America or
drowned
Consequences of
the War
► Treaty
of Paris
 Spain gives up claims to Cuba
 Puerto Rico and Guam ceded to
U.S.
 Philippines to the U.S. for $20
million
► It was a “Splendid Little War”
► But cost $250 million and 2,000
lives (most from yellow fever)
Arguments for Annexing the
Philippines
Duty to spread values and culture
 Christianize the Filipinos
► Economic and strategic importance
 Trade routes to China and the rest of
the Asian markets
 Get it before it falls to a European
power
►
Opponent’s Views
►
►
►
►
It’s a violation of our own Declaration
of Independence (the idea of self
government)
African Americans didn’t want to
export oppression
It would open the door to new
immigrants
It would undercut the American
worker
American Rule
►
►
Annexation in 1899
Rebellion led by
Emilio Aguinaldo
 He had already
set up a new
government and
proclaimed
himself president
 He was prepared
to fight
American Rule
►
The Insurrection
 3 years by U.S. accounts; until 1913
by the Filipinos
 4,000 U.S. deaths
 200,000+ Filipino deaths (about
20,000 military; the rest “as a result
of the war and disease”) Some
estimates as high as 1 mil.
 They call it the Philippine-American
War
American Rule
► Charges
of brutality and torture
on both sides
► Many famous Americans were
outspoken against this conflict
 American Anti-Imperialist
League formed
 William Jennings Bryan, Mark
Twain, Andrew Carnegie