APUSH Content Review #6
12. WW2, Cold War, & 1950s
13. JFK-Nixon (1960-1974)
14. Ford-Reagan (1974-1988)
Cold War & 1950s
Review
Which was NOT an example of
Containment under Harry Truman?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Marshall Plan
Suez Crisis
NSC-68
Berlin Airlift
1.
2.
3.
4.
Harry Truman aided the cause of
civil rights by
denouncing Southern support in the
1948 presidential election
desegregating the armed forces
integrating the public schools
integrating restaurants, movie
theaters, and interstate travel
Eisenhower & Secretary of State, John
Foster Dulles, used the Cold War strategy of
1.
2.
3.
4.
flexible response
Strategic Defense Initiative
zero option policy
massive retaliation
Critics of McCarthyism in the
1950s stressed the idea that
1. the government should always be
on guard against Communism
2. fears of Communism can lead to the
erosion of constitutional liberties
3. loyalty oaths can prevent espionage
4. the House Un-American Activities
Committee should demand loyalty
oaths from government officials
President Eisenhower was associated with
each of the following EXCEPT
1. ending almost all of FDR’s New Deal
programs of the 1930s
2. construction of the interstate highway
system
3. forcing school integration in
Little Rock, Arkansas
4. warning against the influence of the
military-industrial complex
The Soviet Union's launching of Sputnik
in 1957 immediately led to
1. massive federal aid to American
higher education
2. the Suez Crisis
3. ending the Korean War by signing
an armistice
4. the U-2 Incident
The 1956 Montgomery bus boycott
1. started with sit-ins after Martin
Luther King’s March on Washington
2. led to the creation of the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference
3. lasted for three weeks and failed to
achieve its goal
4. resulted from the assassination of
Martin Luther King, Jr
All of the following factors helped the
growth of suburbs EXCEPT
1. low-cost gov’t loans for housing
2. expanded road and highway
construction
3. laws outlawing racial segregation in
the suburbs
4. increased automobile production
The mood of the "Beat Generation" is best
reflected with
1. Jack Kerouac's On the Road
2. F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of
Paradise
3. Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman
4. J. D. Sallinger's Catcher in the Rye
Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring
1. argued that the use of pesticides were
dangerous to the environment
2. criticized the boring lives of American
suburban housewives
3. criticized American materialism and
consumer spending
4. described the lack of political activism
of most Americans during the 1950s
At Yalta,
Stalin
to allow selfCold
Waragreed
Divisions
determination in Eastern Europe
By Potsdam, Stalin had extended his control
over Eastern Europe to create a buffer zone
between the USSR & its future enemies
Foreign Policy:
Containment
Domestic Policy:
Gov’t Changes
Marshall Plan
NSC-68
Truman Doctrine
North Atlantic
Treaty Organization
Truman: Berlin Airlift,
China, & Korea
Eisenhower:
Massive Retaliation,
Sputnik, Vietnam
CIA
Dept of Defense
& Nuclear Weapons
Truman: Red Scare
& McCarthyism
Eisenhower:
NASA, Suburbs,
Interstate Highways
America in the 1950s
■$64,000 Question
■21 Questions
■Bonanza
■The Untouchables
■I Love Lucy
■1950s TV networks
Kennedy-Nixon
(1960-1974)
Review
During the Kennedy-Khrushchev era, the U.S.
& USSR came close to war over Cuba and?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Vietnam
Berlin
China
the Middle East
Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress and
Peace Corps can be most accurately
called an added dimension of
1.
2.
3.
4.
the Truman Doctrine
Wilson’s League of Nations
Franklin Roosevelt' Lend-Lease Act
Franklin Roosevelt' Good Neighbor
policy
Until 1964, civil rights leaders used all of
the following tactics to end discrimination
EXCEPT
1. "sit-ins" at public lunch counters.
2. March on Washington
3. extensive violence by blacks
4. "freedom riders" on public buses
Kennedy decided to remove Diem from the
presidency of South Vietnam when Diem
1. massacred a large number of Viet
Cong
2. attacked the country's Buddhists
3. refused to allow U.S. soldiers to
engage in combat
4. had his own brother shot for treason
The centerpiece of Lyndon Johnson's
“war on poverty” was the
1. Department of Family Services, with
an emphasis on social work
2. Head Start program, with an
emphasis on pre-school
3. Office of Economic Opportunity, with
an emphasis on job training
4. Agency for Economic Advancement,
with an emphasis on minority hiring
Lyndon Johnson received authorization for
the use of force in Vietnam through the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Truman Doctrine
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Tet Offensive
War Powers Act of 1973
Both the New Frontier and Great Society
shared the idea that
1. foreign trade should be cut to a
minimum
2. the federal gov’t should meet the
needs of the less fortunate
3. taxes should be raised to stimulate
consumer spending
4. key industries should be nationalized
The use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters
in the South was outlawed by the
1. 24th Amendment
2. Civil Rights Act of 1964
3. Voting Rights Act of 1965
4. War on Poverty
In both the Korean War and Vietnam War
1. the U.S. was locked in a stalemate
with the Communist forces
2. United Nations sanctioned the U. S.
efforts to stop Communism
3. U.S. fought for years without a
Congressional declaration of war
4. lack of U. S. success led to a large
anti-war movement at home
Of the 5 major civil rights acts passed during
the period 1957-1968, the Voting Rights Act
of 1965 is the most far-reaching because:
1. prior to 1965, there was no legal
guarantee of the right to vote for blacks
2. voting rights would put an end to riots
and racial violence
3. voting is a means whereby other basic
rights could be secured
4. Malcolm X was a strong advocate of
the Voting Rights Act of 1965
In Miranda v. Arizona,
the Supreme Court declared that
1. police had to advise a suspect of his
constitutional right to remain silent
2. affirmative action quota systems
are unconstitutional
3. all people accused of crimes
have a right to an attorney
4. racially segregated schools
are inherently unequal
The counter-culture of the 1960s promoted
all of the following EXCEPT
1. free love and a sexual revolution
2. attacking the war in Vietnam
3. a new emphasis on religion
4. the questioning of government and
university policies
The invasion of Cambodia by U. S. and
South Vietnamese forces in 1970:
1. resulted in a crushing defeat of the
U. S. forces
2. revived the antiwar and led to large
demonstrations
3. was the last major encounter of the
war involving U. S. troops
4. led to Chinese intervention on the
side of the North Vietnamese
All of the following occurred during the
presidency of Richard Nixon EXCEPT
1. the Watergate break-in and
consequent Congressional hearings
2. diplomatic relations with the People's
Republic of China
3. an attempt to end the Arab-Israeli
conflict through "Shuttle Diplomacy“
4. the end of Carter’s Vietnamization
policy
Which is generally regarded as THE major
success of the Nixon administration?
1. the Watergate scandal
2. War Powers Act of 1973
3. the SALT I Agreement
4. détente with the USSR and China
The 1971 Supreme Court decision the New
York Times Company v. U.S. (Pentagon
Papers case) is important because:
1. it forced Nixon to end his “enemies list”
2. the 1st Amendment protected the
publication even if it threatened
national security
3. It forced Nixon to resign as president
4. it revealed that the Watergate break-in
was more involved than previously
thought
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Cold &
War
under
Kennedy
&
Johnson:
1961-1968
The
Cold
War:
1948-1975
Tet Offensive
Civil Rights
Brown v BOE overturned Plessy v Ferguson
Central H.S. in Little Rock, Arkansas
MLK: Montgomery Bus Boycott,
SCLC, March on Washington
Violence in Birmingham led to
the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Violence in Selma led to the
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Black Power: SNCC & Black Panthers
Is this the nation’s youth??
Drugs
Sex
Rock ‘n’ Roll
No work ethic?
Mostly children
from upper-middle
class families
1968
Tet Offensive & the
height of Vietnam War
Democratic National
Convention
Assassinations of
Martin Luther King
& Robert Kennedy
Harry Truman
1945-1953
Dwight Eisenhower
1953-1961
John F. Kennedy
1961-1963
Lyndon Johnson
1963-1969
Richard Nixon
1969-1974
Cold War
Philosophy?
Containment
Brinksmanship/
Massive Retaliation
Flexible Response
JFK-Style
Flexible Response
Détente
3 Most Important
Foreign Policy
Decisions?
 Potsdam Conference
 1st atomic bomb
 Creation on
Containment:
o Truman Doctrine
o Marshall Plan
o NATO
 Berlin
Blockade./Airlift
 Loss of China
 Korean War begins
 NSC-68
 Ended Korean War
 New look: nuclear
missiles
 Sputnik & space race
 Eisenhower Doctrine
in the Middle East
 CIA-sponsored coups
in Iran & Guatemala
 Proposed nuclear
disarmament
 Supported France in
Vietnam
 Hoped to gain firststrike capability;
expansion of nuclear
weapons
 Peace Corps
 Space race to the
moon
 Berlin Wall
 Bay of Pigs
 Cuban Missile Crisis
 Assassination of Diem
 Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution
 Commitment of troops
to Vietnam
 Tet Offensive
 CIA-sponsored coups
in Latin America
 Vietnamization &
“peace with honor” in
Vietnam in 1973
 “Knockout blow” in
Vietnam: Laos &
Cambodia
 Recognition of China
 SALT with USSR
 End to Yom Kippur
War in Middle East
 CIA covert ops
Term for their
Domestic Agenda?
Fair Deal
Modern Republicanism
New Frontier
Great Society
Reducing the size of the
national gov’t
3 Most Important
Domestic Policy
Decisions?
 Reorganization of
Gov’t
o CIA
o Dept of Defense
o National Security
Council
 Integration of military
 Failed attempt to
made the New Deal
more equitable
 Created FHA and the
Dept of Health,
Education, & Welfare
 Interstate Highway
 Ended McCarthyism
 Creation of NASA
 National Defense in
Education Act
 Warned of MilitaryIndustrial Complex
 Central High in Little
Rock
 Tax cut in 1963
 Bolstered Civil Rights
Committee, Dept of
Justice
 Laid foundation for
Civil Rights Act of
1964
 Expansion of NASA
 War on Poverty: Job
Corps, Office of
Economic
Opportunity
 Medicare & Medicaid
 Improved funding for
schools
 Civil Rights
o24th Amendment
oCivil Rights Act
oVoting Rights Act
 Shifted responsibility
for social programs
from to state gov’ts
 Named 4 conservative
S.C. justices
 EPA & OCHA
 Ended gold standard
 90-day freeze on
wages & prices
 Watergate scandal
 Red Scare
(McCarthyism)
 Baby Boom
 Civil Rights, Brown v
BOE
 Suburbs &
consumerism
 Rock n roll & youth
culture
 Counter-culture &
student protest
 Feminist movement
• Largest student
protest: Kent State &
Jackson State
• Rise of the Sunbelt
• Public distrust of the
government
Identify 2
significant social
aspects of this era
 Nonviolent protest of
Civil Rights
Ford—Reagan
(1974-1988)
Review
The Ford administration was different from
any other in history because
1. the vice president was also the
Attorney General
2. Ford made no appointments to the
Supreme Court
3. neither the president nor the vice
president had been elected to office
4. Congress asserted power in the
field of foreign policy
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which was NOT a major issue under
Jimmy Carter?:
Iranian hostage crisis
inflation
pardoning Nixon for Watergate
the Camp David Accords
The first candidate to nominate a woman
(Geraldine Ferraro) as his vice-presidential
running mate was
1. Carter in 1976
2. Reagan in 1980
3. Mondale in 1984
4. Dukakis in 1988
In his first year in office, President Reagan
tackled the issue of inflation by
1. establishing a Dept of Energy
2. encouraging Congress to pass a
new tax law reducing income taxes
3. repealing the minimum wage law
4. increasing military spending to an
effort to win the Cold War
Reagan faced his gravest foreign policy
challenge over his illegal support for:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nicaraguan Contras
the Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran
the Strategic Defense Initiative
the MX missile system
The conservative movement by 1980 was
supported by all of the following EXCEPT
1. the Moral Majority
2. opponents of affirmative action
3. advocates of women’s abortion rights
4. supporters of supply-side economics
1.
2.
3.
4.
The INF Treaty negotiated by
Reagan and Gorbachev
ended the Cold War by forcing the
USSR into economic collapse
eliminated intermediate-range
nuclear missiles
doubled the amount of wheat sold
annually to the Soviet Union
heightened the Cold War between
the two superpowers
Gerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
George Bush
Years in office
& elections
1974-1977
(never elected)
1977-1981
(1976)
1981-1989
(1980, 1984)
1989-1993
(1988)
Political Party?
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Foreign Policy
Philosophy?
Continue Nixon-era
détente with USSR
Commitment to Human
Rights
Restoring America’s
supremacy in the world
“A New World Order”
3 Most
Important
Foreign Policy
Decisions?
 Failed to handle the
OPEC crisis, 1974
Domestic
Policy
Philosophy?
3 Most
Important
Domestic
Policy
Decisions?
2 significant
social aspects
of this era
Heal the nation after
Watergate
 Pardoned Nixon
 Failed to end stagflation
 Revealed CIA overt
operations
 Vetoed 39 bills
•
•
•
•
 Panama Canal Treaty
 Camp David Accords,
1979
 Failure of SALT II
 USSR Afghanistan
invasion led to boycott of
Olympics & embargo of
USSR
 Iranian hostage crisis
 Hostages returned
 Marines to Beirut
 Troops to Grenada
 Troops to Nicaragua
 Iran-Contra Affair
 “Star Wars” (SDI)
 Negotiations with
Gorbachev ended the
Cold War
No clear domestic agenda
Neo-Conservativism
“Kindler, gentler nation”
 Dept of Energy
 Dept of Education
 Deregulated airlines
 Failed to end stagflation
 “National malaise”
speech
 Reduced gov’t
restrictions on business
 PATCO strike
 O'Connor to the SC
 "Supply-side economics"
 Huge gov’t deficits
 Drug war
 AIDS epidemic
 Savings & loan scandal
 “No new taxes”
“Me Generation”
Third Wave of Immigration
Moral Majority
Movement from Rustbelt to Sunbelt
 End of Berlin Wall &
reunification of Germany
 Collapse of USSR
 Invasion of Panama
 Persian Gulf War
 North Atlantic Free
Trade Agreement
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