Chemical Formulas and
Chemical Compounds
Chemical Names
and Formulas
What’s in a name?
What is the formula for:
Epsom’s salt
Magnesium Sulfate
What’s in a name?
Name the following compounds:
1. CCl4
2. MgCl2
Molecular and Ionic Compounds
Molecular
The formula gives the #
of atoms of each
element in a molecule.
Ionic
The formula is the
simplest whole #
ratio of ions
Write formulas for the following compounds:
Potassium sulfide
Aluminum chloride
Zinc bromide
Copper (II) oxide
Iron (III) sulfide
Tin (IV) sulfide
Copper (II) nitrate
Sodium hydroxide
Magnesium iodide
Mercury (II) oxide
Aluminum hydroxide
Ammonium acetate
Potassium permanganate
Copper (II) chloride
Strontium oxide
Ammonium phosphate
Calcium carbonate
Calcium nitride
Tin (II) chloride
Sodium sulfate
Naming Ionic Compounds
Name = Cation name
+
Anion Name
Monatomic cations
Monatomic anions
Mg2+ magnesium
Cl- chloride
Transition metal cations
Fe3+
iron (III)
Polyatomic cations
NH4+ ammonium
polyatomic anions
SO42- sulfate
Examples:
1. NaI
Sodium iodide
2. CaO
Calcium oxide
3. Al2O3
Aluminum oxide
4. Na3PO4
Sodium phosphate
5. CaSO4
Calcium sulfate
Examples with transition metals
1. CuCl
Copper (I) chloride
2. CuCl2
Copper (II) chloride
3. FeO
Iron (II) oxide
4. Fe2O3
Iron (III) oxide
Examples with polyatomic cations
1. NH4Cl
Ammonium chloride
2. NH4OH
Ammonium hydroxide
3. (NH4)2SO4
Ammonium sulfate
Write the names of the following
compounds:
1. Ag2S
2. NaMnO4
3. Ba(OH)2
4. NH4NO3
5. Fe(ClO)2
6. Ca(NO3)2
7. K2SO3
8. NaC2H3O2
silver sulfide
sodium permanganate
barium hydroxide
ammonium nitrate
iron (II) hypochlorite
calcium nitrate
potassium sulfite
sodium acetate
Write the names of the following
compounds:
1. Rb2O
2. Ca(OH)2
3. CoCl3
4. SrI2
5. K2S
6. SnO2
7. NH4NO3
8. Cu(NO3)2
9. KClO3
10.Mo(SO4)3
Naming Binary Molecular (Covalent) Compounds
• Binary – between 2 elements
• Molecular compounds form between nonmetals
only
How is a molecular compound named?
Numerical prefix + name of
the first element
+
Numerical prefix + name of the
second element with “ide” ending
Example: N2O3  dinitrogen trioxide
What are the numerical prefixes?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MonoDiTriTetraPentaHexaHepta
Octa
NonaDeca-
Examples:
N2O – dinitrogen monoxide
P4O10- tetraphosphorus decoxide
As2O5- diarsenic pentoxide
Some Exceptions
• “mono” is left off of the first element name
if there is only one of those atoms
CO2
CO
Carbon dioxide
_________________
Carbon monoxide
_________________
Some Exceptions
• Prefixes are sometimes shortened by
dropping the “o” or “a” if the element name
starts with a vowel
N 2O
Dinitrogen monoxide
_____________
N 2O 4
Dinitrogen tetroxide
_____________
Some Exceptions
• Common names are used for some
compounds
H2O
NH3
Water
______________
Ammonia
______________
Name the following compounds:
SO2
Sulfur dioxide
PCl3
Phosphorus trichloride
CCl4
Carbon tetrachloride
CS2
Carbon disulfide
P4O6
Tetraphosphorus hexoxide
PF5
Phosphorus pentafluoride
XeF4
Xenon tetrafluoride
SO3
Sulfur trioxide
Write formulas for the following compounds.
Nitrogen monoxide
NO
Oxygen difluoride
OF2
Carbon tetraiodide
CI4
Dinitrogen pentoxide
N2O5
Dinitrogen tetroxide
N2O4
Sulfur hexafluoride
SF6
Naming Acids
• Acids were first identified as substances that break up
into hydrogen ions and anions when dissolved in
water
Example: HCl H2O H+ + ClBinary Acids – acids containing monatomic anions
Name = Hydro + “element name” + “ic” acid
HF
Hydrofluoric acid
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrobromic acid
HBr
Hydroiodic acid
HI
Acids with oxy-anions
• Acids with anions containing oxygen and ending in “ate”
Name = “anion name” + “ic” acid
HNO3
Nitric acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
H2CO3
Carbonic acid
H3PO4
Phosphoric acid
Acids with Oxy-anions
• Acids with anions containing oxygen and ending in “ite”
Acid name = anion name + “ous” + “acid”
H2SO3
Sulfurous acid
HNO2
Nitrous acid
Covalent Network Compounds