The Circulatory System
Function
• It’s main function is Transportation
• Blood is used as a transport vehicle
– transports oxygen, nutrients, cell waste (such as
Carbon dioxide), hormones and antibodies vital to
maintaining homeostasis to and from cells
Parts of the Circulatory System
• Divided into three major parts:
– The Heart
– The Blood Vessels
– The Blood
The Major Organ-The Heart
• Heart acts as pump
• The heart pumps 60-80 beats per minute (at
rest)
• At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of
blood a minute.
• During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can
pump 40 quarts a minute.
Structure
• Size of your fist
• Large organ composed of
– cardiac muscle--called myocardium
– Enclosed by a sac –called PERICARDIUM
– rich in mitochondria
– 4 hollow chambers
– Contain valves to keep blood flowing in ONE
direction
The pathway looks like a circle
• The heart, the
lungs, and the
blood vessels
work together to
form the circle
part of the
circulatory
system.
The Chambers
• The heart has 4 hollow chambers
• Upper chambers – atrium receives blood
coming in from the veins
– Left & right Atrium
• Lower chambers - ventricle squeezes blood
out into the arteries
– Left & right ventricle
http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
Collins I
4 lines
• Describe the heart !!
Agenda
1/4/12 ---Day 6
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Review heart diagram
Do more heart diagrams
Heart interactive
Discuss Chapter 7 Test
Circulatory system worksheet (HW)
Double Pump
• The two ventricles are responsible for the
pumping action of the heart
• Each chamber pumps blood out of the heart
but to different pathways
• That is why the heart is considered to be a
double pump
3 Kinds of Circulation:
• Pulmonary circulation
• Coronary circulation
• Systemic circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
• Movement of blood from the heart, to the
lungs, and back to the heart again
Pulmonary Circulation Pathway
1. The right Atria receives oxygen poor blood
from the body.
2. blood moves to the right ventricle where it is
pumped out to the lungs via pulmonary
arteries
3. O₂ is exchanged for CO₂
4. Oxygen rich blood now leaves lungs and
returns to the heart
sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/ pulmonary.html
Systemic Circulation
Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located
throughout the body , except for the heart
and lungs
THIS IS THE LARGEST PATHWAY OF THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM!
Systemic Circulation Pathway
• Oxygen rich blood returning from the lungs
now enters the left atrium
• Moves through the valves to the left ventricle
• The left ventricle pumps the oxygen rich blood
out the Aorta
• The blood is then carried from aorta to blood
vessels delivering oxygen and nutrients to ALL
tissues of the body
• Blood returns (oxygen poor) back to right atria
http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html
Coronary Circulation
• Coronary arteries branch immediately off the
aorta and provide blood to the heart tissue
http://sln.fi.edu/biosci2/systems/
http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/systemic.html
Blood Vessels
Hollow tubes that circulate your blood
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
Arteries
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Carry blood AWAY from the heart
Heart pumps blood
Main artery called the aorta
Aorta divides and branches
Many smaller arteries
Each region of your body has system of
arteries supplying it with fresh, oxygen-rich
blood.
SSR
• First 10 minutes
Capillaries
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•
Very thin
Only one cell thick
Connect arteries & veins
Food and oxygen released to the body cells
Carbon dioxide and other waste products
returned to the bloodstream
Veins
• Carry blood to the heart
• Receive blood from the capillaries
• Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood back
to the lungs and heart
• Valves are located inside the veins
• Allow blood to move in one direction
http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/circulation.html
Overview of Blood Vessels
http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html
Blood composition
•Plasma
• Formed elements
–RBC
–WBC
–Platelets
Other material
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O₂
CO₂
Nutrients
Antibodies
Hormones
Blood
• Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste
products to and from your body cells.
• Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule
• Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs
• Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses)
Blood
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•
Hemoglobin carries CO2 also
CO2 is a waste product of cellular work
70% of CO2 combines with water
The rest travels to the lungs
Blood – RBCs
• Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to
all the cells of the body.
• Takes carbon dioxide and transports it back to
the lungs
• About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE drop
of blood.
http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
Blood – WBCs
• White blood cells protect the body from
germs
• Attack and destroy germs when they enter the
body
scienceu.fsu.edu
www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/
illus/167i2.htm
Blood – Platelets and Plasma
• Platelets are blood cells that help stop
bleeding
• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood
• About half of your blood is made of plasma
• The plasma carries the blood cells throughout
the body
• Plasma is made in the liver.
user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm
SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;
away
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are
muscular
made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood
towards
capillaries
________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries
and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main
plasma
things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry
oxygen
______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and
platelets
_________ to help blood clot.
Some Disorders and Diseases of
the Circulatory System
DISORDERS
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS
– Fatty deposits called plaque
– Builds up in walls of arteries
– Obstructs flow
– Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks flow
elsewhere
Disorders (cont)
• Hypertension
– High blood pressure
– Hearts works harder than necessary
– Increases risk of heart attack or stroke
Disorders (cont)
• Heart Attack
– Atherosclerosis in coronary artery
– Heart muscle begins to die
• Symptoms
– Nausea
– Shortness of breath
– Severe chest pain
IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY
Disorders (cont)
• Stroke
– Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading to
brain
– Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen
• Or blood vessel burst
– Can lead to paralysis,
• loss of ability to speak
• death
Collins I
4 lines
• Describe the order of blood flow through the
heart beginning with veins
• You can use your notes!
Agenda
1/6/12—Day 2
• Heart model
• Heat dissection
• Review power point
1. The overall function of the
circulatory system is
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Gas exchange
Transportation
Blood production
Clotting
2. The ___________ is the main
organ of the circulatory system
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood
Lungs
3. The circuit that carries blood to
and from all the cells is the
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Pulmonary Circulation
Coronary Circulation
Blood Circulation
Systemic Circulation
4. The circuit that carries blood to
and from the lungs is the
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Pulmonary Circulation
Coronary Circulation
Blood Circulation
Systemic Circulation
5. The circuit that carries the
blood to and from the heart itself
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•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pulmonary Circulation
Coronary Circulation
Blood Circulation
Systemic Circulation
6. The “plumbing” of the
circulatory system is the
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•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Heart
Lungs
Blood
Blood Vessels
7. The arteries carry blood
•
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•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Within the heart
Away from the heart
Toward the heart
Oxygen poor blood
8. _______ join arteries and veins
•
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•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Arterioles
Venules
Capillaries
Blood
9. The arteries are carrying
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Oxygen poor blood
Oxygen rich blood
Waste rich blood
Carbon dioxide rich blood
10. The ________ side of the heart
deals with oxygen poor blood
• A. Right
• B. Left
11. The oxygen poor blood enters
the heart through
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Vena Cava's
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary Veins
Aorta
12. The __________ pump blood
out of the heart
•
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•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Atria
Ventricles
13. The largest of the three circuits
is the
• A. Pulmonary
• B. Coronary
• C. Systemic
14. Oxygen rich blood exits the
lungs and enters
•
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Right atria
Left atria
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
15. The oxygen rich blood exits the
heart through the
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Left atria
Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
Coronary Artery
16. The oxygen poor blood leaves
the right ventricle through
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Left atria
Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
Coronary Artery
17. Gas exchange occurs in the
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•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Heart
Aorta
Superior Vena Cava's
Lungs
18. The superior Vena Cava is
located
• A. Above the heart
• B. Below the heart
19. Blood travels in one direction
due to
•
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•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Blood flow
Blood vessels
The heart
Valves
20. How many chambers are
located in the heart
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•
A.
B.
C.
D.
One
Two
Three
Four
21. The top chambers are called
• A. Ventricles
• B. Atria
22. The bottom chambers are
called
• A. Ventricles
• B. Atria
23. What prevents the blood form
mixing inside the heart?
24. How does material enter and
exit the blood vessels?
25. Which answer shows the
correct order of blood flow
• A. Vena cava's, r. ventricle, r. atria, pulmonary artery
• B. Vena cavas, l. atria, l. ventricle, pulmonary artery
• C. Vena cavas, r. atria, r. ventricle, pulmonary artery
• D. Vena cava's, aorta, pulmonary artery