Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams,
Hypnosis, and Drugs
Chapter 4
Ciccarelli and White
Introductory Psychology Spring 2014
What is Consciousness
• Content Consciousness vs Phenomenal
Consciousness
• A person’s awareness of everything that is
going on around him/her at any given
moment, which is used to organize behavior
• Waking Consciousness
• Altered Consciousness
• Trance Dancing video
Theme/Process
Description
Universal ability
Anyone can achieve AC through movement
Movement as efficient route
Movement was equal to or better than other methods for achieving AC
Chemical substances
Substances seem as less desirable tool for inducing AC (3 participants stated substances were equal to other tools
for inducing AC)
Active observer
Active part of consciousness observing the experience
Focus
1)
Universal connectedness
Connection to others, to the earth, or to a universal whole
Super-consciousness
Mindful presence that leads to feelings of expanded consciousness and heightened simultaneous awareness
Energy
Increased physical energy such that participants did not feel fatigued which seemed to be a component of an
electromagnetic field or spiritual component through which participants felt connected to others
Transcending the ego
Overcoming the tendency to make judgments, giving up a sense of external control, and allowing oneself to feel
vulnerable enough to proceed to the super-consciousness
Increased self attributes
Increased self-worth, confidence, self-esteem
Increased acceptance
Less judgmental of self and others
Transformation of the self
A self-concept that was somewhat spiritual and was not confined by physical reality
Elevation
Participants felt lifted
Freedom
Freedom related to overcoming judging mind
Well-being
Enhanced mental, physical, emotional health
Spiritual experience
The expressing of the energy discussed earlier; connecting to something larger than the transformed self
Search for truth/reality
ACIM as a way to find the meaning of existence
Changed body relationship
New physical abilities, more energy, changed body chemistry, elevation
Ecstatic emotional experience
Feelings of joy, love, happiness
Community
Felt in community with other dancers
language
Movement served to communicate with others
Direction of focus, 2) active/passive, 3) self/others
Altered State: Sleep
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Circadian Rhythm
Role of the Hypothalamus
Sleep Deprivation
Adaptive Theory of Sleep
Restorative Theory of Sleep
Stages of Sleep
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REM and Non-REM sleep
Beta Waves
Alpha Waves
Theta Waves
Stage 1: Light Sleep: theta waves
Stage 2: spindles
Stage 3: Deep Sleep: Delta and Theta Waves
Stage 4 : Deep Sleep: Delta Waves
REM Sleep
Sleep Disorders
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Nightmares
REM Behavior Disorder
Stage 4 Sleep Disorders
Night Terrors
Insomnia
Sleep Apnea
Narcolepsy
Dreams
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Freud
Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis
Activation-information mode model
What do people dream about
Hypnosis
• What is Hypnosis
• Fact or Myth
• Theories of Hypnosis
Psychoactive Drugs
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Physical Dependence
Psychological Dependence
Stimulants
Depressants
Narcotics
Hallucinogens
Marijuana
Stimulants
• Amphetamines
• Cocaine
• Nicotine
– Ad
• Caffeine
Depressants
• Barbiturates
• Benzodiazepines
Alcohol
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Alcohol Abuse
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome
What constitutes a drink
Narcotics
• Opium
• Morphine
• Heroin
Hallucinogens
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LSD
PCP
MDMA
Mescaline
Psilocybin
Marijuana
• Cannabis Sativa
• Hashish
• Cannabinoid