Organ Systems
Week 1
LPA 2013-2014
Standard 3
Monday Objective
• I will describe the structure and function of
animal organs.
Bell work
• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following
terms:
– Cell
– Tissue
– Organ
– Organ system
– Organism
– Homeostasis
Organization of Living Things
1. Levels of Organization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Review
• Define the following
– Atom
– Molecules
Cells
1. Basic unit of structure and function
2. 8 types of specialized cells in humans
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Blood cells
Surface skin cells
Bone cells
Epithelial and Goblet cells
Neuron
Cardiac muscle cell
Skeletal muscle cell
Smooth muscle cell
Tissue
1. A group of similar cells that work together.
2. 4 main types of tissue.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nervous – sense ________ and________ signals.
Epithelial – line the ____________ of the body.
Connective – _______ and ______ other tissues.
Muscle -- _______ and ________ movement.
Organ
1. Two or more types of tissues that work
together to do the same job.
Organ System
• A group of organs that work together to carry
out a complex overall function.
Organism
• All of the organs and organ systems working
together to maintain homeostasis.
• Homeostasis – the process in which organ
systems work to maintain a stable internal
environment
–
–
–
–
Nutrition
pH
Temperature
Molecule concentrations
Death
• Death is the result of the organism’s failure to
maintain homeostasis.
Monday Objective
• I will describe the structure and function of
animal organs.
Homework
• Answer questions #1-7 on page 148.
• Read pages 149-170.
Tuesday Objective
• I will relate the structure of organs to their
function.
Bell work
• Complete the data table comparing types of
cells and tissues.
Tissue
Epithelial
Nervous
Connective
Muscle
Cells
Structure
Function
Reading Questions
• What questions do you have as a result of
your reading?
Organ Systems
• Purpose: maintain _____________.
• Basic Systems:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Skeletal
Muscular
Integumentary
Endocrine
Circulatory
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Lymphatic
Nervous
Reproductive
Immune
Skeletal System
• Functions
1. Maintain __________ and _________ of the
body.
2. ___________ internal organs.
3. Provide ___________ surfaces for ________.
4. Produce ___________ cells.
5. Store __________ .
6. Maintain ____________ homeostasis.
Bony Tissue
1. Compact Bone
2. Spongy Bone
3. Periosteum
Muscular System
• Three types:
1. Smooth muscles – form the walls of internal organs.
1.
2.
Involuntary
Contracts (squeezes)
2. Cardiac Muscles – form the walls of the heart.
1.
2.
Involuntary
Contain a large number of mitochondria to produce ATP
for energy.
3. Skeletal Muscles – attached to bone.
1.
2.
Voluntary
Most common type of muscle in humans.
Integumentary System
• The Skin!!
• Function = provide a protective covering for
the body and help the body maintain
homeostasis
• Two layers
1. Dermis 2. Epidermis -
Nervous System
• Carries __________ messages throughout the
body.
• Two types of Nerve cells
1. Neurons – structural and functional units
2. Glial cell – provide support and nutrition.
Nervous System
• Two Divisions:
1. CNS – Central Nervous System
1. Brain
2. Spinal cord
2. PNS – Peripheral Nervous System
1. All the nervous tissue outside the CNS
Endocrine System
• A system of glands that release chemical
messages into the bloodstream.
• Hormone – the chemical released by a gland
• Hormones act much slower than the nervous
system.
Circulatory System
• Allows the transport of materials from one place
to another.
• The blood carries _____________, ___________,
___________, and _________.
• Three main components:
1. Heart
2. Blood vessels
3. Blood
The Heart
• Made of cardiac muscle which Pump blood
through blood vessels through rhythmic
contraction.
• Four Chambers
– Two Atria
– Two Ventricles
Blood Vessels
• A network throughout the body to transport
blood to all the body cells.
1. Arteries –
2. Veins –
3. Capillaries –
Respiratory System
• Exchange of gases between the body and the
outside air.
• Two parts:
1. Air into and out of lungs.
2. Blood carries oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide
away from cells.
Respiration vs Cellular Respiration
• Respiration = the exchange of ___________.
• Cellular Respiration = the process by which
cells obtain _____________ by “burning”
glucose.
• Cellular Respiration uses ____________ and
releases ___________ ___________.
Respiratory System
• Main Organ is the ___________.
• The lungs resemble an upside down tree and
are lined with __________. (Draw on board)
• The mucus keeps the tissue _______ for gas
exchange and __________ small foreign
particles.
Digestive System
• A series of organs that break down food and
absorb nutrients (such as glucose).
• Includes:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large Intestine
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Anus
Organs of the Digestive System
• Stomach – continues the mechanical and
chemical digestion. Stores food until the small
intestine is ready to receive it.
• Small Intestine – Site of most chemical
digestion and virtually all nutrient absorption.
• Liver – Produce bile to digest lipids and
neutralize stomach acid.
Organs of the Digestive System
• Pancreas – secretes bicarbonate which
neutralizes stomach acid.
• Large Intestine – absorbs excess water before
the feces is excreted.
Excretory System
• The system that removes wastes and excess
water from the body.
• Includes:
– Large intestine
– Liver
– Skin
– Lungs
– Kidneys
Excretory System
• Large Intestine – eliminates _______ _______
that remain after the digestion of food.
• Liver – breaks down excess amino acids and
toxins in the __________.
• Skin – eliminates excess ________ and
_______ in sweat.
• Lungs – exhale ________ vapor and ________
_________.
Excretory System
• The Urinary System filters waste products and
excess water from the blood and excretes
them from the body.
• Kidneys are the main organ of the urinary
system. A single kidney may contain more
than a ___________ nephrons which produce
__________.
Lymphatic System
• An important part of the __________
___________.
• The Lymphatic system produces
_______________ which are the key cells
involved in the immune response.
Lymphatic System
• Organs include:
– Bone marrow
– Thymus
– Spleen
– Tonsils
– Lymphatic vessels
Reproductive System
• Male
– Two main functions:
• Produce __________
• Release ________________ into the body
– Sperm are male gametes (reproductive cells).
They are made in the ____________.
– Testosterone has two major roles:
• Causes the reproductive organs to mature
• Causes male traits to develop (hair, muscles)
Reproductive System
• Female
– Two main functions:
• Produce __________
• Release ________________ into the body
– Eggs are female gametes. They are made in the
_____________.
Reproductive System
– Estrogen has three major roles:
• Causes the reproductive organs to develop and female
traits to develop.
• Causes a woman to release eggs.
• Support the baby as it develops before birth and
through infancy.
Vocabulary
• Use your textbook to define the following
vocabulary terms. Make flashcards.
Tuesday Objective
• I will relate the structure of organs to their
function.
Homework
• Answer questions #8-14 on page 170.
Wednesday Objective
• I will relate the function of an organ to the
function of an organ system.
Bell work
• Complete the data table on the worksheet.
Quiz
•
•
•
•
•
C =NO communication except with the teacher.
H =Raise your hand and wait to speak.
A =Take the test. Answer every question.
M =Do not get out of your seat or into your bags.
P =Finish the test. When you finish, begin
reading pages 142-190 in your notebook.
Bell work
• Complete the data table on the worksheet.
Homework
• Read pages 171 – 176.
Thursday Objective
• I will compare and contrast different types of
plant tissues.
Bell work
• Complete the worksheet.
Reading Questions
• What questions do you have as a result of
your reading?
Vocabulary
• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following
terms:
– Xylem
– Phloem
– Dermal tissue
– Ground tissue
– Vacuole
– Plastid
– Chromoplast
Plant Cells
• Similar to animal cells but also have:
– Large Central Vacuole
– Cell wall
– Plastids call chloroplasts and chromoplasts
Cell Wall
• Made of ___________ and possibly _______.
• Functions include:
– _______________
– _______________
– _______________
Central Vacuole
• Contains ____________ and ____________
substances.
• Maintains ___________ against the cell wall
which gives ___________ to the cell and
__________ to the plant.
Plastids
• Membrane-bound organelles with their own
DNA.
• Two types in plants:
– _________________
– _________________
Plant Plastids
• Chloroplasts = Plant plastids which contain the
_________ pigment ____________ essential
to _______________.
• Chromplasts = Plant plastids which make and
store other ____________.
Types of Plant Cells
• Parenchymal – thin, loosely packed,
unspecialized. ***Contain chloroplasts.
– Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Storage
• Collenchymal – irregularly thickened walls.
– Support, Wind Resistance
• Sclerenchymal – very thick cell walls with
lignin.
– Support, Strength
Plant Tissues
• Three types:
– Dermal – covers the __________ of the plant.
• The ___________ is a waxy substance secreted by the
____________ of plants.
– Ground – provides __________ and may store
_______ or _________.
– Vascular -- __________ fluids.
Vascular Tissues
• Xylem – Transports ________ and ________
___________ from ________ to ________
and __________.
• Phloem – Transports ________ from
___________ cells to other parts of the plant
for _______ and ___________.
Meristem
• The key to continued plant growth and plant
cell repair.
• When found at the tips of ______ and
_______, the plant grows in length.
• When found within and around vascular
tissues, the plant grows in _______.
Thursday Objective
• I will compare and contrast different types of
plant tissues.
Homework
• Complete questions #1-5 on page 176.
Friday Objective
• I will outline the structure and function of
plant organs.
Bell work
• Complete questions #6-10 on page 176.
Plant Organ Systems
• Major plant organs:
– Roots
– Stems
– Leaves
– Flowers
• Two plant organ systems:
– Shoot system
– Root system
Roots
• Function:
– Absorb _________ and ___________
– Store __________
– __________ the plant in the ground.
• Two types of Root Systems:
– Taproot
– Fibrous
Taproot System
• Example: Carrot
• A single thick primary root
• Penetrates deep into the ground
• Reaches underground water supplies
• Anchors the plant very securely in the ground.
Fibrous Root System
• Example: Grass
• Many small branching roots.
• Increased surface area for absorption, but
makes plant less securely anchored.
Shoot System
• Organs include:
– Stem
– Leaves
– Flowers
Stems
• Organs that hold the plant ________ so they
can get the _________ and ______ they need.
• Also hold up __________, ____________,
___________, and secondary _________.
Stems
• Epidermis __________ and _________ the
stem and controls ________ exchange.
Stems
• Bark = a combination of tissues that provides
a tough, woody _________ covering on the
________ of trees.
• Inner bark is _________ and growing.
• Outer bark is _________and offers strength,
support and protection.
– Tree Rings
Leaves
• Primary Function = collect __________ and
make _________ by ________________.
• In non-flowering plants, the three types of
leaves are:
– Microphylls
– Fronds
– Needles
Leaves
• In flowering plants, leaves are very diverse but
all share two characteristics:
– Blade – wide, flat part of the leaf
– Petiole – the part that attached the leaf to a stem.
Leaves
• Look at the figure on page 185.
– Color the cells green.
– Color the air spaces yellow.
– Write the function of each identified structure
under its label.
Leaves
• Look at the figure on page 186.
– Color the chloroplasts in the guard cells green.
– Color the rest of the guard cells pink.
– Color the stoma yellow.
– Color the remaining cells green.
– In the margin, write 3 sentences describing how
the stomata open and close.
Flowers
• Contain the reproductive organs of the flower.
• Produce seeds and sometimes fruits.
• Stamen – male reproductive structure (source
of pollen)
• Pistil – female reproductive structure
(produces seeds and fruit)
Friday Objective
• I will outline the structure and function of
plant organs.
Homework
• Answer questions 1-5 on page 189.