Study Guide Topics 5-6
Zeus
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Leader of the gods (Earth/sky)
Hera is his wife-distrusted him for having affairs with other goddesses/humans
Symbols –lightning bolt(throws when angry), and eagle
Hera
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Zeus’ wife and sister
Protector of marriage – always concerned about Zeus’ affairs
Goddess of marriage
Peacock and cow are sacred animals
Poseidon
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God of the sea
Worshipped by sailors (honored him for good weather)
Uses a trident as a weapon
Symbol- horse (gave man gift) , chariot, dolphins
Hades
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God of the underworld
Brother of Zeus
Carried a scepter
Owned all the gems and metals in the ground (god of wealth)
Had a three –headed dog
Kidnapped Persephone
Ares
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Son of Zeus and Hera (who disliked him)
God of war
Carries a bloodstained spear
Causes trouble , steps back and then watches and laughs
Symbols-vulture, dog, spears, burning torch
Hephaestus
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God of fire/forge (melting metals)
Volcano
Blacksmith
Apollo
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Son of Zeus and Leto
Twin brother of Artemis
God of the sun
God of prophesy, light, youth, music, archery, healing(medicine), plague, and poetry
Invented the lyre
Athena
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Daughter of Zeus (no mother-remember born out of head)
Goddess of wisdom , crafts, and knowledge
Warrior goddess
Patron goddess of Athens
Olive tree, owl
Artemis
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Daughter of Zeus and Leto
Twin sister of Apollo
Goddess of hunting and wild animals
Goddess of maidens and childbirth
Goddess of the moon
Hermes
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Son of Zeus and Maia(daughter of Atlas)
Messenger of the gods
God of travelers, trickery, theft, commerce, and science
Wings on his sandals
Most cunning and clever of the gods
Most referenced
Aphrodite
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Goddess of love, beauty, and pleasure
Married to Hephaestus
Symbols –dove, sparrow, swan
Hestia
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Goddess of home and Hearth(fire)
Sister of Zeus
Persephone
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Daughter of Demeter
Wife of Hades
Queen of the underworld
Creation of the World
In beginning only darkness (Chaos)
Gaea-Earth Mother
Uranus-God of heavens and sky, son/mate of Gaea
Cronus-son of Gaea and Uranus- eats his children to avoid being overthrown. Rhea saves
Zeus by feeding Cronus a rock instead of Zeus.
Rhea-sister/wife of Cronus, mother of Zeus
Zeus-king of all Gods, overthrows his father by feeding him poison and causing him to
throw up his brothers and sisters
Prometheus- asked to create life (thinks it is beneath him)
Epimetheus- then given the task to create life. Gives all the good qualities to animals.
(ex: night vision, speed) Nothing is left for humans, so he asks for Prometheus’ help.
Prometheus gives humans the ability to stand up right and gives them fire. (Zeus gets
angry and chains him to a rock, where an eagle (symbol of Zeus) pecks at him daily)
Pandora-1st woman created, given a box told not to open. She does and the plaque
comes out.
Adam & Eve
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First man created Adam
Serpent temps Eve to eat apple from the tree of knowledge and she does
Punishment woman have pain when giving birth