Bell Ringer
#1
 Locate the following:
a. Portugal is located on the ____ continent, west of
____.
*Use Chapter 13, Section 1!
Exploration and Expansion
Motives and Means
 Portugal and Spain
 First European empires to explore new sea routes
 Dutch Republic (the Netherlands), France, and
England
 Second group of European empires to explore new
worlds
Motives and Means
 Europe was stationary for
1,000 years
 Fantasized about the
“exotic East” (Asiaspices/silks)
 14th c (1300s)- Ottoman
Turks restricted Europe’s
travels west
 Controlled the only land
route
 Europeans were forced to
find a new route
Motives and Means
God, Gold, and Glory
 God- Convert Natives to Catholicism
 Cortes- Spanish conquistador
 Gold- Economic Gains
 Expand trade to Asia
 Spices, silks, precious metals
 Glory- Fame
 Adventure
 Secular (worldly) desires
The Portugal Trading Empire
 1420- Prince Henry the
Navigator
 Fleets (ships) sailed
South down the coast of
West Africa
 Gold Coast
 1488- Bartholomeu
Dias
 Sailed around the tip of
Africa
 Cape of Good Hope
The Portuguese Trading Empire
 1498- Vasco de Gama
 Continued Dias route
 Cut across the Indian Ocean to
India
 Calcutta (India), SPICES
 1509- Portugal takes control of
the Spice Islands
 Defeat Ottoman Turkish and
Indian fleets
 Melaka- spice trade port
 China would not let Portugal
colonize Asia
 Treaty that allowed Portugal to
export spices
Bell Ringer

Identify the following:
a.

Christopher Columbus-
Define the following:
a.
Mercantilism-
*Use Chapter 13, Section 1!
#2
Voyages to the Americas
 Christopher Columbus- Believed he could reach Asia
by sailing West (Portugal sailed East, around Africa)
 Italian
 Queen Isabella of Spain financed his voyage
 1492- landed in the “Indies”

Cuba/Caribbean
Voyages to the Americas
 1494- Treaty of
Tordesillas (TAWR-duh-SEEyuhs)
 Spain and Portugal
divided world with
imaginary line
 Portugal-East
(controlled trade
route around Africa
to Asia)
 Spain- West (North
and South America)
Voyages to the Americas
 John Cabot- Explored the New England coast for
England
 Amerigo Vespucci (veh-SPOO-chee)- Named the New World
America
Ptolemy: world map, copy from 1482
The Spanish Empire
 Conquistadors- Spanish “conquerors” of America
 15oos- Spain established colonies
(settlements/communities)
 1533- Spain controlled South America after Francisco
Pizarro defeated the Incans
 1550- Spain controlled Mexico after Hernando Cortes
defeated the Aztecs
 Natives were used as slave labor on sugar plantations
and in gold/silver mines


Depleted population due to forced labor, starvation, and
disease
Example: Mexico’s Population- 1519, 25 million; 1630, 1 million
New Spain (Spanish Empire)
Competition
 Early 1600s (17th c)
 Dutch Colony- New Netherland

Present day New York
 French Colonies- Northern N.
America and Louisiana Territory

Present day Canada and Louisiana,
Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa,
Minnesota, North Dakota, South
Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas,
Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, and
Montana
 English Colonies- Atlantic
Seaboard

Present day Georgia, South Carolina,
North Carolina, Virginia (1st),
Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey,
New York, Pennsylvania,
Massachusetts (2nd), Connecticut,
Rhode Island, and New Hampshire.
Economic Impact
 Gold and Silver
 Plantations- Large farms
that used slave labor
 Potatoes, Cocoa, Corn,
Tobacco, Sugar, Cotton,
Vanilla, Livestock
 Columbian Exchangeextensive exchange
(trade) of plants and
animals between the Old
and New Worlds

Also brought European
diseases to the New World
Economic Impact
 Colony- Settlement of people living in a new territory
 Politically (government) and economically (trade) linked with
parent country
 Mercantilism- 17th c. economic principle
 The prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold
and silver
 Fueled by trade of natural resources found in the New World
 Balance of Trade- difference in value of exports v. imports

Goal- export more than import (sell more than buy)
 Colonies provided raw materials and a market for
manufactured goods
Bell Ringer

Identify the following:
a.

Dutch-
Define the following:
a.
Bureaucracy-
*Use Chapter 13, Section 3!
#3
Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade
Asian Mainland States
1500s-1700s
 Mainland Asia was stable (no
wars, bad economy, etc)
 China
 Burma
 Vietnam
 Laos
 Thailand
 Cambodia
 Malay Peninsula
 Taken over by the Ottoman
Turks



Spice Trade
Spread Islam
Melaka (trade port)
The Arrival of Europeans
 1511- Portugal seized
Melaka and Moluccas
(Spice Islands)
 Established trading posts
along the coast
 Early 1600s- Dutch drove
Portugal out of the spice
trade
 Used the island of Java as
a fort to protect Dutch
possessions in Southeast
Asia
The Arrival of Europeans
 Mainland States- part of
a continent
(distinguished from
peninsulas or offshore
islands)
 See “Asian Mainland
States”
 Mainland states united
and drove out Europeans
 Maritime
(island/peninsula
nations) remained under
European control
Spice Trade
Religious and Political Systems
1500s-1800s
 Maritime Nations and
the Philippines
 Increased Islam
(Ottoman-Turks) and
Christianity (Europeans)
converts (changing from
one religion to another)
 Mainland Nations
 Buddhism was combined
with traditional beliefs
Religious and Political Systems
 Buddhist style of kingship
 King was considered superior to other human beings
 Link between human society and universe

Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia
 Javanese style of kingship
 King was sacred
 Maintained the balance between the sacred and material world

Java Island
 Islamic Sultans
 Mortal, defender of the faith, aristocratic (wealthy/upper class)
 Bureaucracy- body of non-elective government officials

Malay Peninsula, Indonesia
 Chinese style of kingship
 Emperor ruled according to the teachings of Confucius
 Mortal, appointed by Heaven, talented and virtuous, link between Heaven and
Earth

China, Vietnam
Bell Ringer

Define the following:
a.
Plantation-
b.
Triangular Trade-
*Use Chapter 13, Section 2!
#4
Africa in an Age of Transition
The Slave Trade
 African slaves
 Southwest Asia
 Domestic servants
 Europe
 Domestic servants
 Americas
 Increased demand
 Plantation- large agricultural estates


Sugar Cane- difficult to grow/harvest; required more slaves
1st - Brazil & Caribbean Islands
Growth of the Slave Trade
 1518- 1st ship of slaves brought to the
Americas
 Triangular Trade- New global
economy
 Africa to the Americas- Slaves
 Americas to Europe- Raw Materials
(tobacco, molasses, sugar, cotton, etc)
 Europe to Africa- Manufactured
Goods (guns, cloth, rum)
 Early 16th to late 19th c.
 10 million slaves
 Middle Passage- Africa to America
 Many slaves died
Effects of the Slave Trade
 1st African slaves were prisoners
of war
 Europeans traded with Slave
Traders
 Africans who kidnapped other
Africans
 Coastal regions and inland
 Impact on African Societies
 Depopulation





Youngest/Strongest men and
women
Increase in war
Lost faith in gods
Deterioration of art
Increase in human sacrifice
Bell Ringer

#5
Name the 5 European nations that colonized the
New World (in order)!
*Use Chapter 13
Colonization in North America
Spanish
 New Spain –
Central America
 Built a new
empire
 Spanish churches
and homes
Spanish
Date
Explorer
Area
Reason
1492
Christopher
Columbus
Western sea route
to Asia (Indies)
Trade
1513
Juan Ponce de
Leon
Explored Florida
Keep out the
French
Fountain of Youth
1519
Hernando Cortes
Central America
Gold
God (Religion)
Columbus’
Route
Cortes’ Route
Portuguese
 Brazil
 1500
 Portugal's side of the
Treaty of Tordesillas
 Divided the world in
half (western- Spain,
eastern- Portugal)
 Used for trade and
plantations
French
 New France –
North America
 Goals
 Trade (fur)
 Catholicism (convert
Natives)
 No towns or families
 Good relations with
Native Americans 
Military alliances
French
Year
Explorer
Area
Reason
1534
Jacques Cartier
St. Lawrence River
(Canada/US
border)
Trade
1608
Samuel de
Champlain
Quebec, Canada
Permanent
settlement
1682
Robert Cavelier
Mississippi Valley
(Louisiana
Territory)
Trade with
Spanish
Robert Cavelier
English
 3 Colonial Regions
 New England


Focused on Puritan religion
Manufacturing/Trade
 Middle (Mid Atlantic)
 Religious diversity
 Some farming and trade
 Southern
 Concerned only with
economy
 Plantation system, cash
crops, slavery
English
Date
Name
Region
Significance
1607
John Smith
Southern
•Ship Captain
•Helped found
Jamestown, Va
1612
John Rolfe
Southern
Brought tobacco to
English Coloniesprimary cash crop
1630
John Winthrop
New England
Founded
Massachusetts for
Puritans
1681
William Penn
Middle (Mid
Atlantic)
Founded
Pennsylvania for
Quakers
 Turn in homework pg. 424-425 #1-24
 Turn in Exploration Bell Ringers
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 Get out your notebook/textbook/handouts/etc for test
corrections