Critical Review of
The Book End Calendar
Model Daniel Gregg
by
This is a review of William Sanford’s presentation. My remarks will appear in these blue boxes. I have
added a few slides of my own, and deleted some from the original. I have removed the animations from the
original. This is a fair use critical commentary on a competing religious opinion.
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THE QUESTION:
Does the lunar month begin at
the conjunction or the sighting
of the first crescent moon?
Summary of key errors and their relevance to the commentary:
1.
Misunderstanding the Genesis day . Understanding this correctly is helpful, but not critical to
our case against the book end teaching.
2. The claim that ancient historians support the conjunction method. The opposite is true.
3. Claim that the year begins with Aviv 1. It begins with the equinox.
4. Original meaning of the word Adar is incorrect.
5. The claim that a conjunction based calendar does not have 29 day months, and that it has 31
day months. I prove this false in detail, and show how the data presented is miscalculated.
6. Philo of Alexandria is taken out of context.
7. Claim that the Book End Model is not a new Calendar. It is best described as a method that
arbitrarily places day 1 of the month between the conjunction and the sighted moon to make
the 14th or 15th days of the month fall on the full moon. It will be shown that the assumption
they must is incorrect.
8. Scientific ignorance about the orbit of the moon assuming that half the orbit is traversed by the
moon in half the time.
9. Claim that the Hillel II calendar is before AD 359. The sighted moon was used before AD 359.
10. Misinterpretation of 1Sam 20.
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What
is
at
stake?
What is at stake is the importance of following and observing
The text translates from Hebrew, “Then there was setting, then there was daybreak” after Elohim had
finished creating during the daylight part of the day, i.e. the setting ends the day, and the daybreak
brings us to the beginning of the next day. The word ‫ עֶ ֶֶ֥רב‬means “set” or “setting,” also “grow dark” or
“sunset”. Obviously there was no sun in Ber. 1:3-5, but light had to be created first before there could
be a setting going into the following night. There can be no setting in the night before the first day
because there is no light to set. The natural chronological order of Beresheet is that Elohim creates in
the literal day, then there is setting (followed by night), then there is daybreak , one day, and this ending
daybreak ends the first calendar day before creation begins on the second literal day.
all the “moed” or appointed times on the appointed days
correctly as commanded in Torah by Yahuwah in Leviticus 23.
We know from scripture that Father’s ways of Measuring
Time are different from man’s current ways of calculating time.
A day does not end and a new day begin at 12 midnight, but
after sunset. (and there was evening, then morning the first
day) If a day is divided by darkness, then why not a month?
A new year doesn’t begin on Jan 1st, but on the first day of the
month of Abib. (Exodus 12:2 You are to begin your calendar
Beresheet
has thebe
first the
definition
of “day”
as “light” (dawn
to dusk),
and for you)
with this month;
it will
first
month
of the
year
the second
definition
isth amo
calendar
day from daybreak
to daybreak,
The Aramaic word
Adar
(
12
)
means
“
darken
eclipse” which
exactly opposite what Jewish tradition claims. The Famous Hebrew
implies the new
year
darkness
light,
the way
Scholar
Franzcomes
Delitzsch, soout
loved of
by Messianic
Jews, andinto
respected
by
non-messianic
scholars
in hissame
Genesis commentary
a day ends andother
begins,
so,Jewish
why
notsaidthe
for a month?
that the calendar day there beings with the dawn and ends with the
Each month does
begin
according
to the
Gregorian
calendar
dawn. not
Likewise,
the Jewish
Scholar Jacob Milgrom,
editor
of the JPS
Torah earth
Commentary
says the day in around
Beresheet begins
withsun,
the daybreak
calculated by the
revolving
the
but by the
and ends with the daybreak. However, Sabbaths, and feast days are
rotation of the reckoned
moonfromaround
the earth.
sunset to sunset.
Gen 1:14 And Elohim said, "Let there be lights in the expanse
of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them
serve as signs to mark seasons, (moed) days and years…
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


What
is
at
stake?
What is at stake is the importance of following and observing
all the “moed”
or appointed
days
Never does Scripture
say that Aviv 1 is times
the new yearon
day. the
Aviv 1appointed
is only
1 of the
first month.
correctlydayas
commanded
in Torah by Yahuwah in Leviticus 23.
We know from scripture that Father’s ways of Measuring
Yes, it is theare
first month
of the
Time
different
from man’s current ways of calculating time.
year, but for what defines the
in Scripture
have end
to
A“year”
day
doeswenot
and a new day begin at 12 midnight, but
look elsewhere, to Ber. 1:14.
after
sunset. (and there was evening, then morning the first
The sun defines the year, not
day
) If a day is divided by darkness, then why not a month?
the moon.
A new year doesn’t begin on Jan 1st, but on the first day of the
month of Abib. (Exodus 12:2 You are to begin your calendar
with this month; it will be the first month of the year for you)
The Aramaic word Adar (12th mo) means “darken eclipse” which
implies the new year comes out of darkness into light, the way
a day ends and begins, so, why not the same for a month?
Each month does not begin according to the Gregorian calendar
word “calendar” in the text here is a mistranslation. The Hebrew
calculated by the The
earth
revolving around the sun, but by the
says ‫( רֹ֣אׁש חֳדָ ׁשִׁ֑ים‬head of the months).
rotation of the moon around the earth.
Gen 1:14 And Elohim said, "Let there be lights in the expanse
of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them
serve as signs to mark seasons, (moed) days and years…
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




What
is
at
stake?
What is at stake is the importance of following and observing
Jastrow’s Aramaic Lexicon for the root has, Adar, “1. to cut off, surround, isolate,…to distinguish, 2. to darken,
3. to strip.” and of the month, Adar, “the cloudy.” The Aramaic lexicon relates it to the Hebrew root “Adar”
which means “glorious.” The probability is very great that the presentation here is in error. In this day and age
of outright deception, careless mistakes, or negligence, we cannot afford to trust such statements against the
published literature without full citation and source, especially when it is being used to prove a point. Nowhere
in my lexical sources can I find “eclipse,” and while darken occurs, it is by no means the obvious translation,
when the Hebrew means “glorious.” I do not disagree that the year begins when the year is shifting from dark to
light. I disagree with the method of trying to demonstrate it.
all the “moed” or appointed times on the appointed days
correctly as commanded in Torah by Yahuwah in Leviticus 23.
We know from scripture that Father’s ways of Measuring
Time are different from man’s current ways of calculating time.
A day does not end and a new day begin at 12 midnight, but
after sunset. (and there was evening, then morning the first
day) If a day is divided by darkness, then why not a month?
A new year doesn’t begin on Jan 1st, but on the first day of the
month of Abib. (Exodus 12:2 You are to begin your calendar
with this month; it will be the first month of the year for you)
The Aramaic word Adar (12th mo) means “darken eclipse” which
implies the new year comes out of darkness into light, the way
a day ends and begins, so, why not the same for a month?
Each month does not begin according to the Gregorian calendar
calculated by the earth revolving around the sun, but by the
rotation of the moon around the earth.
Gen 1:14 And Elohim said, "Let there be lights in the expanse
of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them
serve as signs to mark seasons, (moed) days and years…
The Conjunction looks like this
This is a modern definition of “new moon” by modern
astronomers. It is not the ancient Scriptural definition
which calls the “light” of the moon the “sign” for the
set times. The ancients used separate terms for the new
moon and the conjunction.
The new moon would be here. It has been omitted
from the drawing.
Conjunctionist or Crescentist who is right and who is wrong?
 In the Messianic Faith movement today we have primarily two
different belief systems on whenTheaproper
lunar
month should end and
non biased term is “sighted moon” for “first
sighting of the new moon.” We realize that the
when the lunar month should start.
connotation of the word “crescent” is unfairly tied to
Islam. on
The the
term “crescentist”
to be regarded
a
 The Conjunctionists believe that
precisehassolar
dayasthat
mild form of name calling.
the Conjunction occurs on, should be proclaimed as both the
last day of the old month and the 1st day of the new month.
 The Crescentists believe that on the evening the Crescent
moon is sighted in Israel in theThesky
after
sunset,
that
count
last day
of a month
is either the
29 the
or the 30
day. The first day of a month cannot be both the first
for the first day of the lunar month
should begin forward from
day of the month and the last day of the old month. I
that actually
believes
such a
that evening, thus proclaimingknow
theof no
1stcalendar
daysystem
of the
new
month.
contradiction, neither the Rabbinic calendar nor a pure
conjunction based
one.
 It is the purpose of this presentation
to prove
that both
theories miss the mark by isolating one another and leaving out
critical pieces of the puzzle in an effort to build their doctrine.
 We will present both sides of this issue and their faults and how
the “BOOKEND MODEL” uses both the Conjunction and the
sighting of the 1st Crescent to determine the correct 1st day of
the month. Please do not considered this to be a new calendar.
th
th
Conjunctionist or Crescentist who is right and who is wrong?
 In the Messianic Faith movement today we have primarily two
different belief systems on when
a lunar month should end and
We shall see that this attempt to make a middle ground
is impossible with the post 359 AD Hillel II Calendar.
when the lunar month should start.
Only the sighted new moon has historical support in
 The Conjunctionists believe biblical
thattimes.
on the precise solar day that
the Conjunction occurs on, should be proclaimed as both the
last day of the old month and the 1st day of the new month.
 The Crescentists believe that on the evening the Crescent
moon is sighted in Israel in the sky after sunset, that the count
for the first day of the lunarThismonth
should
begin
forward
is a new calendar,
and I will
prove later
on that it is from
eclectic. Most often
makes the first day of the month
st itday
that evening, thus proclaiming
the
1
of the new month.
one of the days between the conjunction day and the
first sighted new moon day. Sometimes it agrees with
 It is the purpose of this presentation
both
the sighted moon to
day. prove
Not once that
in the 14
month
example given byone
the author
does his day
one leaving
of the
theories miss the mark by isolating
another
and
out
month fall on the conjunction day, and only 3 times
1 fall on theto
sighted
moontheir
day.
critical pieces of the puzzledoes
in hisandayeffort
build
doctrine.
 We will present both sides of this issue and their faults and how
the “BOOKEND MODEL” uses both the Conjunction and the
sighting of the 1st Crescent to determine the correct 1st day of
the month. Please do not considered this to be a new calendar.




This issue has separated believers solely because of the
importance of timing when to celebrate Yahuwah’s feast days.
We all agree the timing to celebrate the moed is very important
and must be resolved if believers are to dwell together in unity.
The Bible itself does not give any instruction as to what exactly,
should constitute the "new moon”, so let us keep an open mind
Thislook
is not completely
true. Itpuzzle
separates because
onlythat we have and see if we can
and
at
all
the
parts
of these methods works with Messiah’s death and
fit one
them
a clear
resurrection,all
andtogether
only one of thesefor
methods
works forpicture and solve the riddle.
his birth.
Only
one of these
methods
confirms the
If we
try
to
draw
from
Biblical
history as to how Israel
testimony of Messiah in the correct years for his birth
determined
the first
day
ofwork
the
and passion. Conjunction
methods
do not
withmonth, it can be difficult but not
year of Messiah’s birth
(2 BC) nor neither
the year of his historians
death
impossible,
because
or the bible has been
(AD 34). We will see that this book end method is too
This is not the highest goal. The truth comes first, and
completely
clear
on
the
subject.
There
is certainly NO Biblical
eclectic to be considered. The errant calendars were
recognizing the truth is what causes unity between two
text
mentioning
the
Crescent
Moon
as The
the
beginning
of thefrom the
introduced
partly to confuse
the truth
about Messiah’s
parties.
truth
is that division is necessary
fulfillments.
side that follows we
a calendar
that does
not confirm
month,
but we will take the WITNESSES
have,
and
use the
of Messiah. Yeshua was born on Tishri 1, 2
the spiritual discernment we havetestimony
today
to confirm what is
BC according to the sighted moon and the Revelation
truth. One witness is the Hebrew word
Chodesh.
12:1-2 synchronism.
And he died on the 4 day of the
week and rose on the Sabbath according to the sighted
The Hebrew word Chodesh for MONTH
New
moon method or
in AD
34 (the Moon
only year to comes
work with
Danielmeans
9’s sabbaticalto
years).
from the root word Chadash which
be renewed, or
repaired. The word chodesh has nothing to do with sighting
the crescent. At the sighting of the first crescent, the moon has
been waxing up to 1½ to 2 solar days from the timing of the
Conjunction therefore the time of its renewal has passed.
th

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



This issue has separated believers solely because of the
importance of timing when to Are
celebrate
Yahuwah’s
feast
days.
we open minded?
It seems that adding
incorrect
statement to incorrect statement is a good way to keep
We all agree the timing to celebrate
the moed is very important
honest minds from recognizing the truth. The enemy
and must be resolved if believers
are totobe open
dwell
together
in unity.
always claims
minded,
but then proceeds
to
close them.
The Bible itself does not give any
instruction as to what exactly,
should constitute the "new moon”, so let us keep an open mind
and look at all the puzzle parts that we have and see if we can
fit them all together for a clear picture and solve the riddle.
If we try to draw from Biblical history as to how Israel
determined the first day of the month, it can be difficult but not
Beresheet
1:14 says thatbecause
the “lights” are
to be signs.historians or the bible has been
impossible,
neither
Thus,
unless the light isclear
visible toon
humans,
it cannot
be
completely
the
subject.
There is certainly NO Biblical
a sign. This rules out the conjunction, and the days in
text mentioning
between
the conjunction andthe
the Crescent
sighted moon Moon as the beginning of the
advocated
by thebut
book end
month,
weteaching.
will take the WITNESSES we have, and use
the spiritual discernment we have today to confirm what is
truth. One witness is the Hebrew word Chodesh.
The Hebrew word Chodesh for MONTH or New Moon comes
from the root word Chadash which means to be renewed, or
repaired. The word chodesh has nothing to do with sighting
the crescent. At the sighting of the first crescent, the moon has
been waxing up to 1½ to 2 solar days from the timing of the
Conjunction therefore the time of its renewal has passed.





This issue has separated believers solely because of the
importance of timing when to The
celebrate
Yahuwah’s
feast
days.
Bible is completely
clear in the simple
statement
that the “light” is a sign for the set times. So this is
We all agree the timing to celebrate
the moed is very important
literally not true either. When the light first reappears,
and must be resolved if believers
are
tothedwell
in unity.
then the
sign for
first day together
of the month is given.
I
have taken this text at face value, and have been able to
The Bible itself does not give any
asgives
to with
what
exactly,
confirminstruction
all the dates Scripture
the sighted
should
constitute the "new moon”,
let where
us keep
open
new moonso
in cases
a month an
day and
year aremind
There is certainly no text making the conjunctiongiven.
the
andnewlook
that we have and see if we can
moon at
day all
eitherthe
in so puzzle
many words.parts
Gen. 1:14
confirms the
methodfor
of sighting,
and not
fit them
alltraditional
together
a clear
picture and solve the riddle.
the conjunction method.
If we try to draw from Biblical history as to how Israel
determined the first day of the month, it can be difficult but not
impossible, because neither historians or the bible has been
completely clear on the subject. There is certainly NO Biblical
text mentioning the Crescent Moon as the beginning of the
month, but we will take the WITNESSES we have, and use
the spiritual discernment we have today to confirm what is
truth. One witness is the Hebrew word Chodesh.
The Hebrew word Chodesh
MONTH
NewBoth
Moon comes
This is not for
true with
respect to theor
historians.
Jewish and Christian
historical
sources to
recognize
from the root word Chadash
which
means
be that
renewed, or
the new moon was sighted. The conjunction is not part
repaired. The word chodesh
has nothing to do with sighting
of any historical method before 359 AD. There are
the crescent. At the sighting
the
crescent,
moon has
always lone of
wolves
thatfirst
contradict
the norm or the
an
source here
and there,
but it the
is critical
to
been waxing up to 1½uneducated
to 2 solar
days
from
timing
of the
tell the truth about what the norm is!
Conjunction therefore the time of its renewal has passed.





This issue has separated believers solely because of the
The moon is renewed
it has new
visible light
importance
of when
timing
when
to that
celebrate Yahuwah’s feast days.
can be seen by people as a sign. The old moon looses
Weits all
thebuttiming
to celebrate
the moed is very important
light agree
for several days,
it is not renewed
until it
receives
new visible
light. If someoneifwants
to say the are to dwell together in unity.
and
must
be
resolved
believers
renewal process starts at the conjunction, then we say
thatBible
it is not completely
be seen
by
The
itself renewed
doesuntil
notit can
give
any
instruction as to what exactly,
the human
eye in the evening.
In the
Scripture,
kings
should
constitute
the
"new
moon”,
so let us keep an open mind
often have accession years. An accession year is the year
and
parts
theylook
begin toat
rule,all
but the
they dopuzzle
not count the
accessionthat we have and see if we can
as yearall
1 oftogether
their rule, out offor
respect
the lastpicture and solve the riddle.
fit year
them
a for
clear
king. They wait until Tishri 1, and then after Tishri 1
If we
trythetofirstdraw
from
Biblical
history as to how Israel
they count
year of their
reign, even
though they
began to reign before
Tishri
1. It isday
possible
view themonth, it can be difficult but not
determined
the
first
ofto the
renewal process in this manner. The visible new moon
impossible,
neither
or the bible has been
after sunset is likebecause
Tishri 1; we count
the first dayhistorians
of the
this is inconsistent
with Beresheet
It is an ad
completely
There
is certainly
NO1:14.Biblical
month after it. clear on the subject. But
hoc definition. The Hebrew word hadash itself does not
text mentioning the Crescent Moon
as the beginning of the
have such a technical meaning, and our presenters
month, but we will take the WITNESSES
we have,
andtheuse
appear to be confusing
the issue with
modern
SECULAR
of new moon.what is
the spiritual discernment we have
todaydefinition
to confirm
truth. One witness is the Hebrew word Chodesh.
The Hebrew word Chodesh for MONTH or New Moon comes
from the root word Chadash which means to be renewed, or
repaired. The word chodesh has nothing to do with sighting
the crescent. At the sighting of the first crescent, the moon has
been waxing up to 1½ to 2 solar days from the timing of the
Conjunction therefore the time of its renewal has passed.




The Crescentists and Conjunctionists
have
separated
to Roth
each
After checking the notes
of AENT,
I can confirm that
has a
major section explaining this very book end model. So far, this is
side of the pendulum on the
issue,
sideother
taking
the calendar
only published source
I knoweach
of the model,
than 119
It appearsall
that Roth
has
priority on at
119 ministries,
so
pieces of truth, but neither ministries.
side
using
the
pieces
their
I can only conclude from as current as info as I can get that the
was created under
the influence
of a puzzle
teacher who out.
denies
disposal. Each side is guiltymodel
of leaving
parts
of the
the Deity of Messiah. A little checking in the net, shows that the
author in
of this
presentation
is closelythe
associated
Lets keep in mind that we live
a time
where
giftwith
of Andrew
Roth.
knowledge has increased substantially, just as prophesied in
Daniel 9, and our Messiah promised that the Holy Spirit would
guide us into ALL truth, and I believe He desires to do that.
We live in a marvelous time Iperiod
when
weEND
areModel
allviawitnessing
first ran into
the BOOK
Andrew
Gabriel Roth. He teaches that the person/soul of
first hand a divine move of the
Spirit
that is
YeshuaHoly
is not Yahweh,
thusworldwide
denying Messiah is Yahweh.
This is in the notes of
the AENT
version.
Having
many
causing believers to finally understand
who
we
are
in
Messiah;
years experience translating the New Testament in
agreement
Hebrew of
thought,
I have toas
say there
part of the common wealth of
the with
House
Israel,
weislook
relatively little Hebraic about the actual translation of
upon a tremendous enlightenment
thata is
falling
this version except
cosmetic
Jewish on
appealour
involving
names.
brethren, the House of Judah,
as they come into believing in
Y'shua as the Messiah in vast numbers never seen before.
All this is not mere coincidence. It is divine providence as we
are getting ready to return to the land and fulfill prophecies our
forefathers have been waiting to see for thousands of years.
I said all that to remind us that in order to solve this
riddle on the Hebraic Calendar, we not only need to
gather accurate pieces from the past, but we need to
The book of Enoch is a pious fraud. It is likely that the
take those puzzle pieces quotes
andfrommatch
them
with
this book were
edited intoup
the book
of Jude the
early Christians who mistakenly took this book to be
knowledge we have beenbycanonical.
given
and awhat
the
Also,today
this book promotes
calendar that
ignores the moon completely, having 4 quarters to the
spirit is revealing to us now,
in our
and
year composed
of a 30generation,
day month, a 30 day month,
followed by a 31 day month. The name for this
see what picture comes into
calendar focus.
is the Essene Calendar or Qumran Calendar.
It does not follow the moon at all. It appears that
anyone who should
would try to usebring
it as back up
for another
 The final answer to this riddle
ALL
the
calendar method is simply confused or trying to confuse
you. puzzle to the table to fit
witnesses
we
have
on this
Well
get to how he was taken
out of
context later.
them tightly together, both past, and present, leaving
nothing out.
 What are those witnesses we call pieces of the puzzle?
 We have the witness of the book of Enoch, and the
witness of the historian Philo. We have the Torah, and
we have both math and astronomy of today.

A Brief History Lesson from Andrew Roth




The Persians set up the zodiac based on 4 main stars in 3000
BCE and the Zodiac was the standard tracker of the solar year-in fact the most accurate measure of the year available until we
could measure time from the center of our Milky Way Galaxy.
Meton developed the 19 year lunar cycle adapted by the
Rabbinic calendar in 432 BCE. Hipparchus discovered the
precession of the equinoxes in 128 BCE. Aristarchus of Samos,
The flood was
inthe
2483 solar
BC. Weresystem
there any Persians
wrote that the sun was the center
of
2000
around? No. The Mazzaroth is the proper Hebrew
term, and could have been the work of some pre flood
years before Copernicus.
patriarch, say Enoch, but there is no proof who started
it.
Eratosthenes accurately calculated
the earth shape and
circumference around 250 BCE. And Ptolemy had his
The idea that measuring time from the center of the
masterpiece
on astronomy, the Almagest, as an ancient
Milky Way improved time over tracking the sun and
moon is pure bunkum.
bestseller
whose accuracy would not be superseded until
Newton's "Principia".
Where were all these classics? IN THE LIBRARY AT
ALEXANDRIA--PHILO's home town.
Continued…
A Brief History Lesson from Andrew Roth




The Persians set up the zodiac based on 4 main stars in 3000
BCE and the Zodiac
was the
standard
tracker
of the solar year-The Rabbinic
Calendar
did not exist prior
to AD 359
with Hillel II. At first I thought the sentence was badly
in fact the most accurate
measure of the year available until we
punctuated, but then looking further into the
presentation
the author
does wish
redactMilky
that
could measure time
fromI seethe
center
of toour
Way Galaxy.
calendar before AD 359.
Meton developed the 19 year lunar cycle adapted by the
Rabbinic calendar in 432 BCE. Hipparchus discovered the
precession of the equinoxes in 128 BCE. Aristarchus of Samos,
wrote that the sun was the center of the solar system 2000
years before Copernicus.
Eratosthenes accurately calculated the earth shape and
circumference around 250 BCE. The
And
Ptolemy
had
histhinking! Where
worlds
greatest bastion
of Greek
is the Hebrew thought? I only say this because Andrew
masterpiece on astronomy, the Almagest,
as an
ancient
Roth and his followers
promote
Hebrew thought over
thought
so much. It is refreshing
to see that
bestseller whose accuracy wouldGreek
not
be
superseded
until
Greeks could do some thinking!
Newton's "Principia".
Where were all these classics? IN THE LIBRARY AT
ALEXANDRIA--PHILO's home town.
Continued…

We will see when we look at the Philo quotes
and discuss the astronomy, that Philo states
some things that do not agree with the
fundamental facts of lunar astronomy.

But there is no evidence the actual year was
ever this long, not even the data from Noah’s
flood. The flood year had 4 30 day months
and 1 29 day month, which using inclusive
counting, from the 17th day of the 2nd month

to the 17th day of the 7th month add up to 150
days. The present lunar cycle often has 4, 30
day months in a row. This is a side issue.

Philo read all these things I mention. He is the
only Jew to be well versed both in Hebrew
mysticism and priestly secrets that he so
frequently alludes to AND the best of the Greek
knowledge which is itself derived partly from
Egyptian, Persian and Babylonian systems
before it.
Basically even pre-civilization stellar
observances of polar stars would have
suggested a practical 360 day year which we
can track in the earliest civilizations in
Mesopotamia, Egypt and elsewhere.
The 360 day year with leap months at the end
of 6 years was done by the Persians. The
Persians and Babylonians both anciently intercalculated the years and tracked the equinoxes
and conjunctions. So did Egypt, which had 12
months 30 days each with 5 "between the year
days" and a floating system that took 1460
years to balance by the Sothis (Sirius) star.
The Babylonians and the Persians were also the
source of the "Magi"--Zoroastrian priests who
tracked the star of Bethlehem otherwise known
as Jupiter, but that's a long story. Cont…

It is not hard to observe the spring Tequfah
when the sun sets in the exact west, nor the
visible new moon. Israel did not need to be
dependent on these nations.
119 ministries uses similar language, and by so
doing, shows their dependence on Andrew
Roth. There is a common thread of reasoning

here, though I have not determined its extent.
It appears we are going to stake a lot on just
one man’s writings?!


“The physical body of Y’shua and his soul are
not YHWH, but Y’shua made himself subject
to YHWH in all respects” (pg. 1052, AENT).
In true Nestorian fashion Roth separates the
Messiah (Spirit) from the person of Yeshua.
Roth would say that Messiah is YHWH, but

not the person of Yeshua.

So even if you could make an argument that
ancient Israel was the dumbest of all people-simple farmers who couldn't track stars and
what not--they were held captive by nations
who imposed their calendar on them that
they would have gotten used to.
That's what Josephus and Philo both tell us,
"for thus they learned to order their months
from Egypt"--as Josephus says when dating
the flood.
Julius Caesar burned the library in Alexandria
by accident about 40 BCE, but he re-stocked
it from copies at Rome and Philo read all
these things I mention.
So now Philo gets his chance to put ALL THIS
STUFF together and what do we get? Exactly
what we see in the writings he has left us,
which matches perfectly with Biblical math.
Guesswork? Hardly! Easy? Far from it.
Words from Andrew Roth author of the
Aramaic English New Testament
If you look directly across from the Full Moon you find both the
Ending and the Beginning Point of the moons lunar cycle. This
is called the Astronomical NEW MOON. This cycle completes
between 29 and 30 solar days which averages 29.53 each month.
A modern term, not a biblical term.
That the biblical new moon must be
symmetrical to an exact full moon is an
assumption. What the author says here is true
using modern definitions of the terms, but
watch for the switch of modern ideas back into
the ancient usages. We cannot assume they are
the same. If we do, then the fallacy is called an
anachronism.
When the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and all 3
are lined up, this is called the Conjunction, because two celestial
bodies are conjoining at their closest points. There are 28
Moonrises and Moonsets during this complete cycle (4 sets of 7).
This only happens at the rare times of solar
eclipses.
Ordinarily the moon’s orbit is
inclined 5 degrees to the ecliptic, such that
normally there is no “line up”.
Furthermore, a modern new moon is geocentrically determined, so it may not be symmetrical to
Jerusalem at all. In fact, it usually is not. If symmetry is to be a principle to live and die by, then why
did they not choose Jerusalem to make the line up. The notion that symmetry is the only beauty is a
Greek idea. Asymmetrical variety is also beautiful. In fact the two sides the human body have
asymmetry as well as symmetry. The number of days in a month and the number of months in a year
display variations. The notion that the timing of the full moon should vary more than one’s notion of
proper symmetry is a philosophical assumption. It is not an argument for the way things are or should
be.
When the “true” Full Moon is completely 100% FULL of light, just
like the conjunction when the moon appears dark, it only lasts for
a moment, although it seems to last much longer. This happens
on average, on the 14th and 15th solar day, on the lunar calendar.
What the author is aiming at is to get the viewer to think that symmetry between the full moon and
the new moon is required. It was never required according to the historical definition of the new
moon. The desire for symmetrical perfection of two sides of a thing is Greek philosophical idea of
perfection. This is because the Greek notion of perfection does not allow variation. For if
something is perfect, then the only possible variation would toward imperfection. The Great
Church theologian Thomas Aquinas used this sort of Greek influenced reasoning when discussing
the immutability of God.
The moment the moon moves OFF the conjunction, a crescent
immediately starts to form. This waxing moon cannot be seen
from earth as it rises and sets with the sun for up to 18 hours
without modern infrared cameras because of the suns brightness.
But really what counts is how they observed it
in Messiah’s time, which is when a human
could see it.
The 1st solar day the Conjunction happens on does not affect the
calendar immediately because that day must finish its 24 hours at
sundown. The following solar day is recorded as the 1st day on the
lunar calendar, unless the Conjunction happens “after” sunset.
This rule is not clearly stated. It appears to mean that the
first day of the Book End Calendar is never on the
conjunction day, which is consistent with the 14 month
example given by the author later on. The “unless” exception
is impossible to figure out because all conjunctions are after
sunset.
The Conjunction is not to be confused with a lunar eclipse. This
takes place when the Full Moon is on the opposite side of the
earth and passes through the earth’s shadow in perfect alignment
and the earth’s shadow blocks out the moon for several minutes.
Our author has confused the duration of a
lunar eclipse with a solar eclipse. A lunar
eclipse lasts several hours on average. Only a
solar eclipse is limited to minutes.
When the Conjunction is lined up perfectly on the ecliptic plane a
solar eclipse is caused during the day, when what we call a “Dark
Moon” occurs blocking out the sunlight during the day by casting
its shadowy foot print on parts the earth, but not the whole earth.
And this is actually the only time the sun
moon and earth are “lined up,” and indeed
only where the path of totality goes. If one
looks at eclipse tracks mapped onto the earth
over a period of centuries, there will be many
asymmetries to observe.
During the Conjunction the moon appears to be in darkness but
the reason the moon cannot be seen from earth for up to 36 hours
is because it is hidden by the brightness of the sun, as it rises and
sets in unison with the sun during the course of up to 3 solar days.
I have to add to this: the moon also has to
reflect light to the observer to be seen without
being washed away by the direct sunlight.
If we suppose that some light comes from the
moon that cannot be seen by the naked eye,
then we have to consider the Bible’s method of
starting the reigns of kings (by way of analogy).
Kings often had an accession year when they
began to reign, but they did not count the first
year until Tishri 1. So there was a period
where they were reigning, but it was not
counted as year 1. Likewise, it can be
conceded that the moon can give some light
before day 1 of the month, and that like a
accession year this time is simply not counted.
NASA put on an Extreme Lunar Crescent Contest in 2007 and
this was one of Martin Elsasser winning pictures taken in
Germany just over 4 hours after the Miracle of the Conjunction.
Infrared does not count. This picture has been
converted to a greyscale a human can see. It
should be completely black, or the same color
as the background, as that is how it would look
to a human. This can be treated like the
accession year of a king. It is not counted as
day 1.
The pictures were taken on a mountain in Austria and this is the
special tracking equipment and infrared camera Martin used to
take the award winning pictures in 2007.
Infrared is not visible to the human eye; it has
to be electronically detected (like radio waves
or microwaves) and then translated into a
visible image by a computer.
Ancient Israel did not have these. Neither did
Messiah. Don’t you think that what was good
enough for Yeshua should be sufficient for us?
In 2008 Martin set a world record in Munich Germany by taking
pictures minutes before the Conjunction. This is the new special
tracking equipment and baffle system, infrared camera he used.
Martin’s infrared picture taken minutes before the Conjunction just
before the lunar month comes to an end. It is at the moment of the
Conjunction on the Feast of Trumpets that the Messiah will return,
raising the dead and catching up those who remain, with Him.
I doubt Martin is Torah observant, but his is
an interesting technical achievement with
infrared radiation.
Martin took this 44 minutes after the Conjunction. The New Moon
Crescent actually forms moments after the Conjunction. If this
were to take place after sunset, Israel time, an addition day would
be added to the calendar before the 1st day could be declared.
Good for IR, but it is not visible light.
Infrared is part of the electromagnetic
spectrum just like radio waves and microwaves.
Radio waves can also be used to detect the
location of objects, but biblically they so not
qualify as “light” that can serve a monthly sign.
So why should IR.

Conjunctionists have a problem when starting and ending
Thisof
is also
a false
claim. A pure conjunction
based
their month on the same day
the
conjunction
because:
calendar can be properly intercalated with a 13
month soeither
that the year
366 daysno
only more,
1. each lunar month must have
29is 365
or days,
30and
days,
once every four or so years. We should not make false
no less. By ending and starting
their
count
fromwith.conjunction to
arguments
about systems
we disagree
conjunction, the lunar calendar will NEVER have 29 solar days
but willIf Philo
oscillate
between
30wrong.
andIn31
meant this,
then he is simply
no solar days.
calendar system does the full moon fall consistently on
2. a lunar
year
average
354.37 solar days. At the
the same
day of should
the month atonly
the same
This time
pointofis year.
completely false. A calendar based on the
can pick any day he wants, thepure
14 astronomical
or the 15 . conjunction will have 29 and 30
end of Philo
the
year
Conjunctionist
willdayhave on average 366 solar
Sooner or later the full moon will falldays,
on the
andother
only 29 and 30 days. We use the sighted
that
he
did
not
pick.
days. That is more days than
of 365!
moon,the
but we Gregorian’s
should not make false calendar
claims about other
systems.
3. their full moon will fall on average, either on the 15th or 16th
of their month instead of the 14th and 15th. According to Philo
th
the
Full
Moon
should
fall
on
Passover
in
the
spring,
on
the
14
The facts are only convenient when needed. The same
historians
not
and
on would
the say15thatth the
in“book
theend”
fallmodel
foris Tabernacles.
The Conjunctionist
historical.
Full Moon would be on the 16th for Passover and the same for
Tabernacles the full moon falling on their 16th of their month.
4. this theory also ignores the purpose of sighting the Crescent,
which historians declare was factual and had a purpose.
th


th


th
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
th and there is never
only on the 15th1 and 16th and twice
16 on the 17
CJ DAY
1
Jan solar
15, 2010 days.
CJ DAYThis
2
Jan
16, 2010
Jan 366
17, 2010 days.
a month
with
29
year
also CJends
DAY 3 with












Jan 30th F.M. (16th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Feb 28th F.M. (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
March 30th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
The full moon two weeks later, i.e. Jan 16 + 14
The conjunction was Jan 15 , 07:11 UT, and
th F.M.was
= JanDay
30, withMonth
the day of the month filled in.
the next
Feb th
14 ,Iyar
02:51 UT.
April
28conjunction
(15
F.M.) a 31
The number of days in Jan is 31-15+1 = 17.
The number
days before
theth
conjunction
May
28th ofF.M.
(15
SivaninF.M.) a 30 Day Month
Feb is 13. 17 + 13 = 30. So the month was 30
th not
th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
days long,
31 using
the conjunction.
June
26and
F.M.
(15
July 26th F.M. (16th Av F.M.) a 31 Day Month
August 24th F.M. (15th Elul F.M.) a 30 Day Month
September 23rd F.M. (16th of Tishrei F.M.) a 30 Day Month
October 23rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 31 Day Month
November 21st F.M. (16th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th
th
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 129 solar days.
This year also ends with 366 days.
16




1
Feb 14,th
2010
CJ DAY 2
15, 2010
CJ DAY 3
16, 2010
Jan 30CJthDAYF.M.
(16
Shevat
Full Feb
Moon
F.M.)
a 31 Feb
Day
Month
Feb 28th F.M. (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
March 30th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
This is a mistake.
was the Month
April 28th F.M. (15th Iyar F.M.)
a 31ItDay
16 .
th
th
May 28 F.M. (15 Sivan F.M.) a 30 Day Month
June 26th F.M. (15th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
conjunction was Feb 14, 02:51, and the
July 26th F.M. (16th Av F.M.) a 31 Day The
Month
next conjunction was Mar 15, 21:01 UT. The
of days left in Feb is 28-14+1 = 15
August 24th F.M. (15th Elul F.M.) a 30 number
Day Month
(since it has 28 days this year/not a leap year).
rd
th
The daysain30
MarchDay
before the
conjunction are
September 23 F.M. (16 of Tishrei F.M.)
Month
14. 15 + 14 = 29. By the conjunction method,
this month
29 days
long. Month
October 23rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan F.M.)
a is31
Day
November 21st F.M. (16th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th








Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.












th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Jan 30th
15 (16
1 F.M.
CJth
DAY 1
16,th
2010
CJ DAY 2
2010
CJ DAY 3
Feb 28
F.M. Mar
(15
of Adar
F.M.)Mara17,30
Day
Month Mar 18, 2010
March 30th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
April 28th F.M. (15th Iyar F.M.) a 31 Day Month
May 28th F.M. (15th Sivan F.M.) a 30 Day Month
This is a mistake. It should say
th F.M. (15th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
June 2615.
Mar 15, 21:01 UT.
Next
July 26th F.M. (16th Av F.M.) a 31Conjunction:
Day
Month
Conjunction Apr 14, 12:29 UT. Number of
in March 31-15+1 = 17. Number of days
August 24th F.M. (15th Elul F.M.) adays
30
Day Month
before conjunction in Apr = 13. 17 + 13 = 30.
Once again, the claim that a pure conjunction
September 23rd F.M. (16th of Tishrei
F.M.)
a 30
Day
Month
method
cannot match
29/30
day months
is
false.
October 23rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan
F.M.) a 31 Day Month
November 21st F.M. (16th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.












Jan 30th F.M. (16th
Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
15
Feb 28th F.M. (15th1 of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
DAYth
1 F.M.
Apr 14,
2010th of
CJAbib
DAY 2 Passover
Apr 15, 2010 F.M.)
CJ DAYa3 31Apr
16, 2010
MarchCJ30
(16
Day
Month
April 28th F.M. (15th Iyar F.M.) a 31 Day Month
May 28th F.M. (15th Sivan F.M.) a 30 Day Month
June 26th F.M. (15th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
July 26th F.M. (16th Av F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Conjunction: Apr 14, 12:29 UT, next
August 24th F.M. (15th Elul F.M.)
a 30 May
Day
Month
conjunction.
14, 01:04
UT. Day in Apr.
30-14+1 = 17. Days in May before conj. 13. 17
September 23rd F.M. (16th of Tishrei
F.M.)
afigure
30is Day
+ 13 = 30. Again,
the 31
wrong. Month
October 23rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 31 Day Month
November 21st F.M. (16th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.












Jan 30th F.M. (16th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Feb 28th 15F.M. (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
March 301th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th F.M.
th Iyar
CJ DAY
1
May
14, 2010
CJ F.M.)
DAY 2
15, 2010
CJ DAY 3
May 16, 2010
April 28
(15
aMay31
Day Month
May 28th F.M. (15th Sivan F.M.) a 30 Day Month
June 26th F.M. (15th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
July 26th F.M. (16th Av F.M.) a 31 Day Month
August 24th F.M. (15th Elul F.M.) a 30 Day Month
I am onlyF.M.)
giving results
now.
This
month
September 23rd F.M. (16th of O.k.
Tishrei
a
30
Day
Month
is 29 days using the conjunction method.
Follow the linkF.M.)
to the newamoon
tables
if you
October 23rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan
31
Day
Month
wish to double check me.
November 21st F.M. (16th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.












Jan 30th F.M. (16th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Feb 28th F.M. (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
March 30th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th Iyar F.M.) a 31 Day Month
April 28th F.M.
(15
1
16
thJune
CJ DAY 28
1
11, 2010
DAY 2
June 12, 2010
DAY 3 Month
June 13, 2010
CJ DAY 4
May
F.M.
(15thCJ Sivan
F.M.)
a 30CJDay
June 26th F.M. (15th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
July 26th F.M. (16th Av F.M.) a 31 Day Month
August 24th F.M. (15th Elul F.M.) a 30 Day Month
is a mistake. Should
16 .
September 23rdThis
F.M.
(16th ofsayTishrei
F.M.) a 30 Day Month
October 23rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan
a 31
Month
For once F.M.)
the month
lengthDay
is
correct!
st
th
November 21 F.M. (16 of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.












Jan 30th F.M. (16th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Feb 28th F.M. (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
March 30th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
April 28th F.M. (15th Iyar F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th Sivan F.M.) a 30 Day Month
May 128th F.M. (15
15
CJ DAY 1th
Jul 12, 2010 th CJ DAY 2
Jul 13, 2010
DAY 3
June
26 F.M.
(15 Tamuz F.M.)
a 30 CJDay
Month
July 26th F.M. (16th Av F.M.) a 31 Day Month
August 24th F.M. (15th Elul F.M.) a 30 Day Month
September 23rd F.M. (16th of Tishrei F.M.) a 30 Day Month
This month is 29 days.
rd
th
OctoberAnother
23 mistake.
F.M. Should
(17 be day
of Cheshvan F.M.) a 31 Day Month
15
November 21st F.M. (16th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.












Jan 30th F.M. (16th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Feb 28th F.M. (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
March 30th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
April 28th F.M. (15th Iyar F.M.) a 31 Day Month
May 28th F.M. (15th Sivan F.M.) a 30 Day Month
June 261th F.M. (15th Tamuz
F.M.) a 30 Day Month
16
Aug 10,
2010 th Av
CJ DAY
2
Aug31
11, 2010
DAY 3
JulyCJ DAY
26th1 F.M.
(16
F.M.)
a
Day CJ
Month
August 24th F.M. (15th Elul F.M.) a 30 Day Month
September 23rd F.M. (16th of Tishrei F.M.) a 30 Day Month
This month
is 29adays
using
the conjunction
October 23rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan
F.M.)
31
Day
Month
method. Follow the link to the new moon
Another st
Mistake! Should sayth
16 .
if you wish
double
checkMonth
me.
November 21 F.M. (16 of Kislevtables
F.M.)
a to30
Day
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.

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
Jan 30th F.M. (16th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Feb 28th F.M. (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
March 30th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Correct!
April 28th F.M. (15th Iyar F.M.) a 31 Day
Month
May 28th F.M. (15th Sivan F.M.) a 30 Day Month
June 26th F.M. (15th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
th Av F.M.) a 31 Day Month
July 26th F.M. (16
1
16
CJ DAY 124thSep
8, 2010(15th
CJ DAY
2 F.M.)
Sep 9, 2010
CJ DAY Month
4
Sep 10, 2010
CJ DAY 5
August
F.M.
Elul
a 30 Day
September 23rd F.M. (16th of Tishrei F.M.) a 30 Day Month
October 23rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 31 Day Month
November 21st F.M. (16th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.












Jan 30th F.M. (16th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Feb 28th F.M. (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
March 30th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th F.M.It should
April
(15beththeIyar
The 1728
is a mistake.
16 . F.M.) a 31 Day Month
30 days by the conjunction
May 28th F.M. (15th Sivan F.M.) a 30 Day
Month
method.
June 26th F.M. (15th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
July 26th F.M. (16th Av F.M.) a 31 Day Month
August 24th1 F.M. (15th Elul F.M.) a 30 Day
Month
16
CJ DAY
Oct 8,(16
2010 th of
CJ DAY
2
Oct
9, 2010 a 30
CJ DAY
3
September
232rd F.M.
Tishrei
F.M.)
Day
Month
October 23rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 31 Day Month
November 21st F.M. (16th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th
th
Figures below from the Conjunctionist Calendar for 2010. Please
notice that their calendar NEVER has a full moon on the 14th but
only on the 15th and 16th and twice on the 17th and there is never
a month with 29 solar days. This year also ends with 366 days.
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

Jan 30th F.M. (16th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Feb 28th F.M. (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
March 30th F.M. (16th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th .
April
(15th Iyar F.M.) a 31 Day Month
Should28
say 16 F.M.
29 days by the conjunction
May 28th F.M. (15th Sivan F.M.) a 30 Day
Month
method.
June 26th F.M. (15th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
July 26th F.M. (16th Av F.M.) a 31 Day Month
August 24th F.M. (15th Elul F.M.) a 30 Day Month
September 23rd F.M. (16th of Tishrei F.M.) a 30 Day Month
rd F.M. (17th of Cheshvan F.M.)
October 23
a 31 Day Month
16
1
DAYst
1 F.M.
Dec (16
6, 2010th of
CJ Kislev
DAY 2
Dec 7, 2010
DAY 2 Month
NovemberCJ 21
F.M.)
a 30BEDay
December 21st F.M. (17th of Tevet F.M.) a 31 Day Month
th
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

Ancient
Witnesses
Testify…
Book of Enoch Section III: 78:13…on the side whence the
But Philo,
nothing
here about
how theforth, there again she wanes till all the
light
of says
the
moon
comes
new moon day is determined. The idea that
light
vanishes
and
allhalves
theofdays of the month are at an end, and
the moon
waxes and wanes
in equal
time is not astronomically correct because the
book also promotes a new moon day that
her
circumference is empty, void ofThislight.
moon moves on an elliptical orbit and changes
has nothing to do with the new moon, like the
speed constantly.
A faulty
to
Philo: (178)...the two young bulls Roman
sinceCalendar.
there
aresource
twois bound
motions
make faulty statements.
of the MOON as it continually runs its double-course--the
motion of waxing until full MOON and the motion of waning
Philo means “ceases
[running
doubleone ram since there is
until its CONJUNCTION
with
theitssun;
course]” here and not its illumination. Read
one principle ofthereason
by which the MOON waxes and wanes
context.
in equal intervals, both as it increases and diminishes in
illumination; the seven lambs because it receives the perfect
shapes in periods of seven days--the half-MOON in the first
seven day period after its CONJUNCTION with the sun, full
MOON in the second; and when it makes its return again, the
first is to half-MOON, then it ceases at its CONJUNCTION
with the sun.
If a day is divided at darkness, then why wouldn’t a month?



Below Philo is describing a period of time during the beginning
of the month, not a specific day. We must balance out ALL of
Philo’s statements, not just one.
XXVI. (140) Following the order which we have adopted, we
proceed to speak of the third festival, that of the new moon.
Philo says elsewhere that the
First of conjunction
all, because
it is
beginning
of the month, and the
is dark, so
he the
is
This definition of new moon only supports the
talking about the lighted new
new moon.
beginning,
whether
ofnotnumber
or ofsighted
time,
is honourable.
moon
here,
and
a
conjunction.
Secondly,
because at this time there is nothing in the whole of
heaven destitute of light. (141) Thirdly, because at that Period
(of time) the
powerful
body gives a portion
Oncemore
again, seeking
support fromand
a book important
that teaches a
completely different calendar than this “book end”
of necessary
model. assistance to the less important and weaker body;
for, at the time of the new moon, the sun begins to illuminate
the moon with a light which is visible to the outward senses,
and then she displays her own beauty to the beholders. Italics mine
You cannot have the counting of the month END at the
Conjunction, as Philo and Enoch state, and then have a one to
two “0” day or days before counting forward for the first day of
the month when the Crescent finally appears.




Crescentists have a real problem ending and starting a month
at the First Sighting of the Crescent Moon in Israel because:
1. it completely ignores any verbiage from historian's that the
month comes to an END (stops the count) at the Conjunction.
2. although starting and ending the count from crescent to
crescent
will
always
give
correctly
solar day
This is called
assuming
what you
wantyou
to
Where did Philoa
say29
this? or
Philo30
was speaking
prove by defining the language. OR we can call
of the course as from conjunction to
month,
the
problem
is
that
6
to
7 times each year the Full
it circular reasoning.
conjunction, but he did not equate the
conjunction
newmonth,
moon.
Moon will come and go on their
14th with
of the
the
falling
prematurely on their 13th. Another words, their 14th of the
month only lands properly on the Full Moon 4 to 5 times each
year, the rest of the time the Full Moon lands on their 13th each
month. Do you want to follow a calendar that the timing of
Otherthe
than math
violating the
presenters
their Full Moon neither confirms
but
alsowestern
ignores the
and GREEK sense of symmetry, what is the th
witnesses of Historian‘s by not problem
falling
and
here?regularly on the 14
15th each month?
Slight of hand trick here. Philo did not define
3.theThe
of the word chodesh to renew couldn’t
biblical Hebrew
month this way.meaning
He only described
the astronomy.
take
place at the crescent sighting because the moon started
waxing moments after the conjunction up to 2 days earlier.
Figures below are the Crescentist Calendar for the year 2010.
Notice their calendar has only 1 full moon on the 15th the rest on
the 13th and 14th and 7 months the Full Moon falls prematurely
including Sukkot.
The presentation does not give us the book end model
to compare right away, but I have looked ahead. The
 Jan 30th F.M. (14th Shevat
Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
full moon will always fall on various days UNLESS the
calendar maker engineers it on a case by case basis to
 Feb 28th F.M. (13th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
fall on the 14 or 15 .
 March 30th F.M. (13th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 April 28th F.M. (13th Iyar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
But he is assuming that the full moon is
 May 28th F.M. (13th Sivan F.M.) aSUPPOSED
29 Day
Month
to fall
on the 14 . Where does
Scripture say it must?
 June 26th F.M. (13th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 July 26th F.M. (13th Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 August 24th F.M. (13th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 Sept. 23rd F.M. (14th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
 October 23rd F.M. (14th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 November 21st F.M. (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st F.M. (14th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
th
th
Philo’s Witness of Sukkot, Full Moon on the 15th


This isday,
less precise
than saying
full moon.
We feast
should notwhich
(189) On the FIFTEENTH
at
full
MOON,
the
assume that Philo is using a precise scientific definition of
Full Moon here.isIt would
be anachronistic
to impose
a modern
is called "the feast of booths"
celebrated
for
which
the
meaning on the ancient usage. Philo uses scientific terms for
supplies of the sacrifices hisare
numerous.
(155)…and
time,more
but he also
mixes his writing with
the usages of the this
common people, who are less precise.
feast is begun on the fifteenth
day of the month, in the
middle of the month, on the day on which the moon is full of
light, in consequence of the providence of God taking care that
there shall be no darkness on that day. (Spe 2:155 PHE)
It does not matter what calendar system one uses, one
Also: (210) Again, the beginning
of this festival is appointed for
cannot make the FULL MOON always fall on the 15
the 14 or the
or the 16 . The
to
the fifteenth day of theormonth,
on13 account
of only
thewayreason
make it so is to eclectically engineer the calendar in
which has already been mentioned
the
advance to make therespecting
15 land on the Full
new spring
day by
switching definitions of the new moon on a case by case
season, also that the world
beonlyfull,
not by
day with
only but
basis. may
This is the
way a constant
synchronism
15 can be created!
also by night, of the mostthebeautiful
light, the sun and moon on
their Philo
rising
opposite to one another with uninterrupted light,
is waxing poetic here. Notice that he does not
define any
the 15 darkness
as the precise 100%
full moon.
without
interposing
itself between so as to divide
them. (Spe 2:210 PHE)
Remember in the winter the Crescentist’s 15th of the month
falls AFTER the Full Moon! Their math isn’t consistent!
th
th
th
th
th
th
th

Philo’s Witness of Passover beginning on a Full Moon
on the 14th of the Month

(224) Accordingly, in this month, about the fourteenth day of
the month, when the orb of the moon is usually about to
become full, the public universal feast of the Passover is
But Philo did not say which
this. He could
interpreted
to
celebrated,
in bethe
Chaldaic
language is called Pascha; at
mean the 13 when he says “about.” He did not say
which
only
private individuals bring victims to
exactly whatfestival
the presenter isnot
extracting
fromdo
the text.
the altar and the priests sacrifice them, but also, by a particular
ordinance of this law, theNotice
whole
nation
consecrated
this word
“usually”! isNotice
the word ‘about.’ and
Philo’s language is inclusive of all methods here. One
officiates in offering sacrifice;
every separate individual on this
cannot set of a calendar based on this sort of
approximation.
occasion bringing forward
and offering up with his own hands
the sacrifice due on his own behalf. (Mos 2:224 PHE)
Why would Philo say “about the fourteenth day”, and “about
to become full”? Because sometime between twilight on the
14th and the 15th the moon WILL BE FULL. That means the
timing must be PRECISELY synched to 14-15 for the 1st FULL
MOON and NOT the 13-14. Amazingly the moon is first Full on
the 14th if you are following the “Bookend Model” Calendar.
th



The fact that Historian’s state the month comes to an END at
Except when all the math is based on an unproven
the Conjunction can imply only
one thing. That the counting of
assumption, and an unproven interpretation. As they
garbage
in, garbage
out, GIGO.
the month comes to an ENDsayat
the
Conjunction,
period! If you
both end and start the month
at the sighting of the crescent,
What historians? This is fiction.
this supports theas
sighted
moonas
method
this will go against ancientRight,
witnesses
well
theonly.timing of
the Full Moon falling in the middle of the lunar Calendar on the
14th and 15th. The math must also balance out as a witness. To
ignore these facts is either ignorance or irresponsibleness.
Philo of Alexandria writes: "The third [feast] is the New Moon
which follows the conjunction of the moon with the sun". [tr. by
F H Colson (Harvard University Press, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge,
MA, 1937); The Special Laws, II, XI,41].

And in II, XXVI,140: "This is the New Moon, or beginning of
the lunar month, namely the period between one conjunction
and the next, the length of which has been accurately
calculated in the astronomical schools". It should be noted that
the popular Hendrickson Publishers edition (1993) of C D Jonge’s 1854
translation does not have the same information that the Colson translation
gives. The indications are that the conjunctions were the determining
factors in deciding the first day of the month.

Without a doubt, the Conjunction’s role cannot be ignored.


The fact that Historian’s state the month comes to an END at
the Conjunction
can imply only one thing. That the counting of
I will use Herb Solinsky’s quotation of the source here with added punctuation,
“Following
the order
we record
third
type of feast which we proceed
the month
comes
tostated
anabove,
END
at the
the
Conjunction,
period! If you
to explain. This is the New Moon, or the beginning of the lunar month, (namely
both endtheand
theconjunction
monthandat
sighting
of ofthe
period start
between one
the the
next, the
[average] length
whichcrescent,
been accurately calculated in the astronomical schools). The New moon holds
this will has
go
against
ancient
witnesses
asit iswell
as the
its place
among the feasts
for many reasons.
First, because
the beginning
of thetiming of
andfalling
the beginning,
both in
number and
inthe
time, lunar
deserves the
honor.
the Full month,
Moon
in
the
middle
of
Calendar
on the
Secondly, because when it [the new moon] arrives, nothing in heaven is left without
at themath
conjunction,
when the
moonbalance
is lost to sight under
14th andlight,
15forth.while
The
must
also
outtheassun,athewitness. To
side which faces earth is darkened, when the new month begins, it resumes its
ignore these
facts The
is either
irresponsibleness.
natural brightness.
third reasonignorance
is, that the strongeror
or more
powerful element
sun] at that time [the new moon] supplies the help [light] which is needed to the
Philo of [the
Alexandria
writes: "The third [feast] is the New Moon
smaller and weaker [the moon]. For it is just then [at the new moon] that the sun
which follows
the conjunction
of we
the
moon
theitssun". [tr. by
begins to illumine
the moon with light which
perceive
and thewith
moon reveals
beauty to the University
eye.”
F H Colsonown(Harvard
Press, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge,
MA, 1937); The Special Laws, II, XI,41].

And in
II,noteXXVI,140
: "This
the
New
Moon,
or beginning
of
Please
that Philo is saying
the lengthis
of the
month
was defined
by the schools
between the conjunctions.
He is notmonth,
saying the “new
moon” is defined
the “conjunction.”
Philo’s following
context clearly makes a
the lunar
namely
the asperiod
between
one conjunction
between the conjunction (dark) and the new moon (lighted “with light which we perceive”). Our
and distinction
the
next,
the length of which has been accurately
presenters mistake is in equating the WHOLE ( ) to the sentence going all the way back to the words “New
calculated
inproblem
the with
astronomical
should
that
Moon.” The
this is that it suggests theschools".
new moon is a 29.5Itday
period ofbe
time,noted
and contradicts
the popular
Publishers
(1993)
of ConlyD applies
Jonge’s
1854
the wordsHendrickson
“the beginning” and
the following edition
context. The
( ) section
to Philo’s
additional
explanation
of “month”
being given
precise average
length by thethat
astronomers,
i.e. 25.53 days.
translation
does
not as
have
the asame
information
the Colson
translation
gives. The indications are that the conjunctions were the determining
factors in deciding the first day of the month.

Without a doubt, the Conjunction’s role cannot be ignored.

Philo states: 257 And the expression "from" has a double
sense. One, that by which the starting point from which it
The first hour of the day is from 0 to 60 minutes when
begins
is enumerating,
included;
theof the
other
that
you are
and days
month are
alwaysby which it is excluded. For
when we say that from morning to evening there are
twelve hours, or from the new moon to the end of the
month there are thirty days, we are including in our
enumeration both the first hour and the day of the new
moon. And when any one saysButthat
such and such a field is
here the new moon is not defined as the
enumerated. There is never a 0th day because the count
always goes 29 30 1 2 or 28 29 1 2. In any case the
argument is an analogy that assumes the new moon =
conjunction.
Days of the month are always
enumerated, as many other things. This is about as
cheap as tricks can get.

conjunction.
can’t assume
what you want
to prove. to
three or four furlongs distant from
theYoucity,
he clearly
means
The first hour would be sunset, not the sighting. But
leave the city itself out of that measurement.
PHE)
we see from Philo’s assigning(Som
of 12 hours2:257
to the day that
his numbers are not meant to be exactingly precise. We
What is he saying? When you count
theof12
hours
from
morning
know the length
the day
varies. And
so did Philo.
to evening, the count starts at the beginning of the first hour,
at zero, but it is not numbered as ONE until after the first hour
is complete. So it is with the new moon happening at the
Conjunction but you do not count it as ONE until the close of
the solar day. You cannot get 30 days if you start counting
after the first sighting of the crescent forward and end at the
new moon Conjunction. That would be less than 29 days.
Philo’s witness of the equal halves




If you do not start your month on the right day then the orbit
of the moon will not be divided equally, thus discounting the
math and historical witnesses. Again we hear Philo proclaim:
(178)…since there are Two Motions of the MOON as it
continually runs its double-course--the motion of Waxing
until Full MOON and the motion of Waning until its
CONJUNCTION with the
Thesun.
orbit of the moon can never be equally divided by
time and illumination of the moon at the same time
(234) Again, are not the (except
periods
the MOON,
in rareofcircumstances),
because as
the she
moon advances
speed on an elliptical orbit. If you divide the
and retraces her course, changes
from
atimes,
CRESCENT
tonota befull
and
orbit by half
then the moon will
100%circle,
at
half the
time
from
conjunction. Butalso
if you divide
to
again, from a complete orb
to
a
CRESCENT,
measured
180 degrees, then the full moon will not be at half the
time between conjunctions. Elementary my dear
by an equality of distances?
Watson.
101 XXXIV. And the number so produced, is calculated to
reproduce the revolutions of the moon, bringing her back to the
point from which she first began to increase in a manner
perceptible by the external senses, and to which she returns by
waning.
continued…
Philo’s witness of the equal halves




If you do not start your month on the right day then the orbit
of the moon will not be divided equally, thus discounting the
this is what Philowitnesses.
meant, that half theAgain
distance ofwe
the hear Philo proclaim:
math and Ifhistorical
orbit equals half the time of the month, then he is
scientifically
Can we Motions
base something
(178)…since
thereignorant.
are Two
ofsothe MOON as it
important as the calendar on a questionable
continuallyinterpretation
runs itsthatdouble-course--the
motion of Waxing
is founded on astronomical
ignorance?
until Full MOON
and the motion of Waning until its
CONJUNCTION with the sun.
(234) Again, are not the periods of the MOON, as she advances
and retraces her course, from a CRESCENT to a full circle, and
again, from a complete orb to a CRESCENT, also measured
by an equality of distances?
“double course” equal halves by degrees (180), but not
time, as the time varies.
101 XXXIV. And the number sobyproduced,
is calculated to
reproduce the revolutions of the moon, bringing her back to the
point from which she first began to increase in a manner
perceptible by the external senses, and to which she returns by
waning.
continued…
Exaggerated elliptical orbit
After conjunction, the
moon moves faster to full
moon than half the month.
After full moon, the moon
moves slower, talking more
than half a period to reach
conjunction.
The irregularity of speed of the moon means it can be
full on day 13, 14, 15, or 16, or even 17. The exact
range depends on the calendar system used, but it is
theoretically impossible for any calendar system to
consistently have the full moon on the same day half
way in time from conjunction to conjunction.


For she increases from her first crescent-shaped figure,
to that of a half circle in seven days; and in seven more, she
becomes a full orb; and then again she turns back,
retracing the same path, like a runner of the diaulos, receding
from an orb full of light, to a half circle again in seven days,
and lastly, in an equal number she diminishes from a half
circle to the form of a crescent; and thus the number
If Philo is rounding
off to simply
expound the
before mentioned is completed.
(Opi
1:101
PHE)
symmetry, then he is not exact enough to be
interpreted
as supportrise
for the book
end model. Onin
the its
…like the MOON, which from
its
first
proceeds
other hand, if he is interpreted as exact or really meant
to be exact, then
he is simply ingoing
error. Is this
possible?
increase according to an equal
number,
onward
to
Yes, it is possible that he did not know the orbit of the
its Perfect Fullness of Light,
thenandagain
with
andid Equal
moon and
was an ellipse,
it is possible
that he
not
know the difference between 95% full and 100% full.
Number in its Decrease, returning
back to its original
But knowing which is the case is not important. What
is important is that ifFull;
Philo is taken
it is
state, after having been previously
andexactly,
in then
like
scientifically wrong. Either way, the book end model
manner in the case of Divine
the Creator
bitesChastisements,
the dust.
preserves a regular order, banishing all irregularity from the
divine borders. (He explains 4 sets of 7’s totaling 28, from 1st
waxing crescent to last waning crescent. He’s not inferring this
to coincide with a calendar count which requires 29 to 30 days)


For she increases from her first crescent-shaped figure,
to that of a half circle in seven days; and in seven more, she
becomes a full orb; and then again she turns back,
retracing the same path, like a runner of the diaulos, receding
from an orb full of light, to a half circle again in seven days,
and lastly, in an equal number she diminishes from a half
This explanation is even weirder than
circle to the form of a crescent;
andsince
thus
the
Philo’s remark,
the total
time number
is
29.53 days on average, and varies, how
before mentioned is completed.
(Opi 1:101
can this symmetry
ever occur PHE)
on any
regular basis?
…like the MOON, which from its
first rise proceeds in its
increase according to an equal number, going onward to
its Perfect Fullness of Light, and then again with an Equal
Number in its Decrease, returning back to its original
state, after having been previously Full; and in like
manner in the case of Divine Chastisements, the Creator
preserves a regular order, banishing all irregularity from the
divine borders. (He explains 4 sets of 7’s totaling 28, from 1st
waxing crescent to last waning crescent. He’s not inferring this
to coincide with a calendar count which requires 29 to 30 days)
If sight alone was the way Israel set their calendar up,
then what did they do during the spring and winter rains
when the sky remained cloudy for months?
They calculated the moon as best their
science would allow in these cases. But
that does not mean they calculated it
according to the Book End theory!
Depending on the authoritative rabbinical opinion you follow,
nightfall is defined in the Jewish Talmud as being "the end of
sunset" and occurs anytime from 20 min. to 1 hour after sunset,
depending on your geographic location when 3 medium size stars
are seen, and twilight (dusk) when 2 medium stars can be seen.
For the purpose of the new moon, the new calendar day
begins at sunset, and the first day of the month is
numbered on the day to come. The presenter is only
trying to confuse us with definitions that the Rabbis do
not actually apply to the day of the new moon.
The Bookend Model uses the sighting of the first crescent as a
marker to close out the first day of the new month. Does this look
like this day has ended according to Hebrew reckoning of time?
The presenter has just quoted a traditional source in a
traditional definition, and applied it in a way that the
Rabbis would not apply. Days are defined in different
ways in Scripture, for different purposes. I described
the dawn to dusk day and the daybreak to daybreak
calendar day. This was used for Temple offerings.
Sunset was used for Sabbaths. Each type of day is for its
own purpose. The presenter is confused himself, and
trying to confuse his listeners by arbitrarily applying a
varying set of standards.



The simple truth is, the moment the sun sets, isn’t when the
old day slams shut and the new day begins immediately, any
more than when the last waning crescent sets out of view on
the morning of the 28th or 29th just before sunrise doesn’t mean
the lunar month has come to an end either, because the period
of time called the Dark Moon (conjunction) hasn’t occurred.
Within minutes after sunset, it is possible to view the first
waxing crescent in a completely BLUE sky and according to the
Talmud you may still be in the same day actually viewing the
last closing period of the same day. The first crescent does not
actually set until at least one to two hours, after sunset.
The Babylonian Talmud states: Rab Judah said in Samuel's
Again, one can have changing arbitrary standards, or
name: When [only] one star [is
visible],
is other
day;
when
one can
stick to one it
or the
for the
definitiontwo
of a
calendar day. We have to remember that at the start of
[appear], it is twilight; three, it
night.theItauthor
wastoldtaught
likewise:
thisis
presentation
us a day began
at
He iswhen
just moving
the boundary
stone…onlyitforis
When one star [is visible], it issunset.
day;
two
[appear],
the purpose of bolstering his theory of the new moon,
and not b.
because
it needssaid:
to be moved.
twilight; three, it is night. R. Jose
Abin
Not the large
stars, which are visible by day, nor the small ones, which
are visible only at night, but the medium sized.
When does a Day End According to Torah?






We know from creation that a day ends at evening and is
measured from evening until evening as confirmed in:
usual, not a real Hebrew Lexicon. BDB
Gen As
1:8
And there was evening, and there was morning…
defines, “set” “sunset” “grow dark.” Even
so Strong’s definition proves that you can’t
Ex 27:21
Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening to
have twilight without creating light first.
morning before Yahuwah…
Lev 23:32 on the ninth day of the month at evening, from
Incorrect, the day is from daybreak to daybreak for
evening to evening, you shall creation.
celebrate
yourcreated
Sabbath
Yahweh Elohim
in the day, .and “then
there was setting, then there was daybreak, one day.”
According to Hebrew reckoning when does evening begin?
Rabbis have been arguing over this for thousands of years.
Really, Erev can refer to noon, when
Evening in Hebrew is Strong’s OT:6153
`ereb
from
the sun
starts to(eh'-reb);
go down, as in
Really, this passage is using the daybreak to daybreak
“between the settings.” This is the way
OT:6150;
dusk
(twilight)
to night
(darkness).
day to define a sunset
to sunset
day. The first setting
is
the Rabbis always took the phrase, as
“on the 9 day”; One can ask why the text just does
referring to the afternoon.
Our
The
Hebrew
word
is
that
part
of
time
not simply
day “the tenth
day”? nesheph for twilight
presenter only picks and chooses those
Jewish opinions which suit him.
considered to come after sunset called DUSK
and before night.
Evening is the period of time that starts sometime after sunset
from either Dusk (twilight) or actual Nightfall, Darkness. So a
day ends at the earliest at Dusk/twilight, at the latest Nightfall.
th



Nehemiah 13:19 And it came to pass, that when the
gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the
Sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be
The word means shadow. “…when they are shadowed.
shut, and
charged
that
should
not be opened till
This can
happen before sunset,
whenthey
the doors begin
to
cast long shadows through the gateway (if the sun still
after the
and
some
of my servants set I at
shinesSabbath:
on them at all). But
whichever
way one wishes
to say it was, our presenter has once again assumed
the gates,
that
noafterburden be brought in
something.
Do wethere
now supposeshould
the Sabbath well
sunset to satisfy his need for a way to contradict the
on the normal
Sabbath
day.
historical way
of sightingKJV
the new moon.


The word dark in this verse in Hebrew is OT:6751
tsalal (tsaw-lal'); to shade, as twilight or an opaque
object: KJV - begin to be dark, shadowing.
This verse implies that Sabbath did not begin, and
consequently the doors of the temple were not closed
until twilight fell, which was after sunset. Twilight can
begin any time between 20 minutes and 1 hour after
sunset when 2 medium size stars can be observed.
What was Happening During the 2nd Temple Period?


All records for the most part have been lost or destroyed during
the 1st Temple Period, but we do have evidence from the
Talmud concerning the loss of Priests who died during the 2nd
Temple Period. We know that after Babylon the Priesthood was
corrupt in many ways. The question remains, why were so
We can Priests
safely reject his
tradition on
the
many
dying?
Could
it be they were entering into the
authority of Josephus. The High Priest
was often
replaced
Holy
of simply
Holies
onby Politics.
DayButof Atonement on the WRONG DAY? Is
he was not killed, nor died. Just deposed.
this why they started tying a cord to the Priests who entered?
Yoma, 9a. States: “The Second
Temple stood for 420 years,
O.k, now we have a conspiracy theory as to why the
were dying.
Their calendar
was wrong…and
so
ve-shimshu bo yoter mi-sheloshpriests
meot
Kohanim,
and
more than
also all historical witness to how they figured the
300 served as High Priest over calendar
that period.
outa forty
is discredited Take
by assuming
conspiracy
theory!!!!
years in which Shimon the Tzaddik
was the High Priest and
deduct another 80 years in which Yochanan the Kohen Gadol
served, and ten more years that Elazar b. Charson
served.” That leaves 300 priests over 290 years. “Kol echad
ve-echad lo hotzi shenato, none of them lived out their year in
office.”
continued…


Soncino Zohar, Vayikra, Section 3, Page 102a states: R.
Isaac said: ‘A cord was tied to the feet of the High Priest before
he entered the Holy of Holies, so that if he died suddenly within
they should be able to draw him out.
Yoma 9a also states: Rabba bar bar Hana in the name of R.
Johanan said: It is written [in Proverbs x. 27]: "The fear of the
Right, only for a possible death.
Lord increases man's days, but
the years of the wicked will be
shortened." "The fear of the Lord increases the days"; that
refers to the first Temple, during whose existence of four
hundred and ten years there were only eighteen high-priests.
"The years of the wicked will be shortened," refers to the
second
which
EvenTemple,
this is not probable,
but existed four hundred and twenty years,
that it has anything to do with
and more
than three hundred high-priests succeeded each
the wrong calendar is a
other insensible
duringargument.
that period. Subtract the forty years during which
Simeon the Righteous ministered, eighty years of Johanan the
high-priest's ministry, ten years of Ishmael b. Favi according to
others, eleven years of R. Eleazer b. Harsum--and compute,
you will see that not even one high-priest completed his year.
Then comes Hillel the Elder



Although it is argued how many priests died as well as what
caused their deaths, it is agreed that the troubles of the 2nd
temple period were great for many reasons.
What is testified to in the Talmud and rabbinic writings is the
restoring of the calendar by calculations by Hillel the Elder
a Pharisaic leader just before the messiah was born.
Magid Harakia writes: Establishing the beginning of months
(Rosh Hodesh) through sighting the New Moon is an ancient
law in Israel. The antiquity of this practice is documented in
many early sources, Karaite as well as Rabbanite. The decree
How nice on the timing. But the correct year for this is
of establishing the Rosh Hodesh
AD 359.on the basis of
calculations which are unconnected to the appearance
of the moon was enacted by the Rabbanite, Hillel the
Elder. The method was guarded as a secret to keep the people
from knowing about the change and therefore was called by
our brothers the Rabbanites “The Secret of Intercalation” (this
is testified to in Rabbinite works, of “Magid Harakia” page 35).
So named, the “Bookend Model” because like bookends, the
Conjunction and the 1st Crescent comprise a timing of the
“New Moon Period” that Philo alludes to in XXVI (140). The
Conjunction looks forward, and the Crescent looks backward.
 Early on, the ancients may not have known the “exact” time of
the Conjunction, and thus the Hebrew idiom, “no man knows
We have already seen that Philo was taken out of
the hour or the day” came about, but today, we DO KNOW,
context.
down to the minute, when both the Conjunction and the Full
Moon takes place. Should we ignore this knowledge? This
knowledge can actually help
to one
confirm
and
Yeshua’s
time statement
doestie all the pieces of
make it a Hebrew if
idom.
the puzzle together in our not
generation
used properly and solve
this riddle that has separated brethren.
 The Bookend Model fits everything the ancients have been
trying to speak to us in their writings, as well as the Torah, and
last but not least, the increase in knowledge, by which, we
have been given from computers to confirm all this information
with the witness of the MATH.




The Bookend Model utilizes both the Conjunction and the
sighting of the 1st Crescent. The best of both worlds leaving
nothing out but each relying on the other to set the timing of
the 1st day. A system of checks and balances. The ancients may
not have known the exactI think
timing
until after
to hitof
the the
right Conjunction
full
moon days,
they have
to pick
the event took place because
they
may
have had to analyze all
and choose on a case by case
between
the two.
their information as they basis
were
experiencing
the event.
Dating
from thethe
sighting
Thus,
bybackwards
sighting
1stof Crescent they would be able to
course.
confirm their calculations of when the conjunction happened
relative to the observance of the Full Moon.
They knew for certain the month would either have 29 or 30
Really what they are doing is calculating the FULL moon, and then fixing
days, but anyone who
follows the lunar calendar regularly
the calendar to line up the full moon on the 14 or 15 . Whatever it takes
line up the
whether they
conjunction
knows there doesn’t toseem
tofullbemoon
a determines
set pattern
asselect
to the
when
they
day, a day between, or the sighted moon day to start the month.
occur. They could only know, that it would be, either a one day
dark moon, or a two day dark moon, no more and no less.
Thus, the 1st Crescent confirmed the timing of the Conjunction
and set the first day of the month. Today, we can figure out
these events in advance with computers. It’s a no brainer!
th

th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal
15 30 day months (6 each), and
29 number of 29 and
th16,
DAY 29 should
Jan 15, 2010fall on
BE Day
1 14
Jan
17, 2010
Day 2354Jan
the FullBEMoon
the
or201015th BE
with
annual
days.
 Jan 30th 2010 (15th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 Feb 28th (14th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 March 30th (14th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 April 28th (14th Iyar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
The black moon reveals the time of the conjunction,
 May 28th (14th Sivan F.M.)
a BE
29
Month
with the
day Day
of the month
in the moon. The white
moon reveals the time of the full moon two weeks after
th (14
th Tamuz
The full
moon
two weeks
later,
 June
26
F.M.)
a 30
the date listed,
withDay
the BE Month
date of the month in the
i.e. add 14 days to Jan 16 = Jan
The first lighted moon reveals the time of
th the
ththis
30 . 26
I drew
chart
wayF.M.) moon.
 July
(14
Av
a
29
Day
sighting. To
achieveMonth
the target date of the full moon on
to show the relative variation
the 15 of Shevat requires the BE model to put the first
between the conjunction
and
th
th
 August 24 (14
Elul F.M.)
a month
29 between
Day the
Month
day of the
conjunction day and the
the full moon. It is not a
sighting day.
constant. Notice the changing
rd
th
 September 23 (15
of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
relationship as we go forward.
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon 29should fall14on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
BEth
DAY 29
14, 2010
BE DAY 30
15, 2010
BE Day 1
Feb 16, 2010
th Shevat
 Jan 30
2010Feb(15
FullFebMoon
F.M.)
a 30
Day Month
 Feb 28th (14th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 March 30th (14th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
order to engineer the 14 of Adar onto the Full
 April 28th (14th Iyar F.M.) aIn 30
Day Month
moon day requires the full moon 2 weeks after the last
day of the old month. The full moon was Feb 28, 16:38
 May 28th (14th Sivan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
UT, after sunset in Jerusalem. To achieve this the BE
day 1 must fall on the same day as the sighted moon.
 June 26th (14th Tamuz F.M.)
a 30 Day Month
From this and the last month, it is clear that the
relationship between the conjunction and the first day
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29
Month
of theDay
month in
this calendar is arbitrary. The arbitrary
placement of day 1 BE is a consequence of targeting
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.)certain
a 29
Month
days ofDay
the month
on the full moon.
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon should fall on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
 Jan 30th 2010
(15th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
14
29
BE th
DAY(14
29 thMar
2010
BE DAY 1a 30
Mar 17,
2010 Month
BE Day 3
Mar 18, 2010
 Feb 28
of16,Adar
F.M.)
Day
 March 30th (14th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 April 28th (14th Iyar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
engineer
the 14 of Aviv onto the Full
 May 28th (14th Sivan F.M.) In
a order
29toDay
Month
moon day requires the full moon 2 weeks after the last
th
th
day a
of 30
the oldDay
month,Month
so that BE day 1 must fall
 June 26 (14
Tamuz F.M.)
between the conjunction day and the sighting day.
th
th
 July 26 (14
Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon should fall on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 Jan 30th 2010 (15
14
 Feb 28th (14th of Adar
F.M.) a 30 Day Month
30
BE DAY 30
Apr 14, 2010
BE DAY 1
Apr 15, 2010
BE DAY 2
Apr 16, 2010
 March 30th (14th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 April 28th (14th Iyar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 May 28th (14th Sivan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
Here I had to stack the full moon figure, because in this
 June 26th (14th Tamuz F.M.)
a 30 Day Month
case it is close to exactly 14 days after conjunction. To
get the 14 of Iyar on the full moon requires BE DAY 1
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29
Month
to fallDay
between
the conjunction day and the sighting
day.
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon should fall on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
 Jan 30th 2010 (15th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 Feb 28th 14
(14th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
th
th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 March 30
29 (14
th 29
MayIyar
14, 2010F.M.)
BE DAY
1
May 15, 2010
 April BE
28DAY
(14th
a 30
Day
MonthBE DAY 2 May 16, 2010
 May 28th (14th Sivan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 June 26th (14th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
Here Day
I had to Month
stack the full moon figure, because in this
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29
case it is close to exactly 14 days after conjunction. To
the29
14 ofDay
Sivan on
the full moon requires BE DAY
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.)geta
Month
1 to fall between the conjunction day and the sighting
day.
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei
F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon should fall on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
 Jan 30th 2010 (15th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 Feb 28th (14th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 March 30th (14th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th Iyar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 April 28th (14
29
14
BE DAY 29 thJune 11, th
BE DAY 30
12, 2010
DAY 1
June 13, 2010
BE DAY 2
 May
28 (142010Sivan
F.M.)June
a 29
Day BEMonth
 June 26th (14th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
there
are
two complete
days (sunset to sunset)
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.)Here
a
29
Day
Month
between the conjunction day and the day of the
sighting, and also we see that BE DAY 1 is a whole day
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei
F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
away from the conjunction. This again exposes the
arbitrary relationship between the conjunction and the
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
first day of the month in order to keep the full moon
on day 14.
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon should fall on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
 Jan 30th 2010 (15th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 Feb 28th (14th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 March 30th (14th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 April 28th (14th Iyar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 May 29
28th (14th 14Sivan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th2010
BE DAY 29
Jul 12,
BE DAY 1
13, 2010
DAY 2
 June
26th (14
Tamuz
F.M.) aJul 30
Day BE
Month
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
BE Day F.M.
1 has to
fall on theaday
between
theMonth
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei
Sukkot)
30
Day
conjunction and the first visible new moon to get the
14 of Av F.M.)
on the full moon.
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan
a 29 Day Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
th or
Since the
full on
moonthe
was after
in Jerusalem
on Aug 354
24 , making
it the days.
the Full Moon should
fall
14sunset
15th with
annual
14 day of Elul requires BE DAY 1 to be the same day as the sighted moon,
th
th over
skipping
a whole Full
day between
the conjunction
sighted
new Month
 Jan 30 2010 (15
Shevat
Moon
F.M.)andathe30
Day
moon. There is no consistent rule relationship between the conjunction and
th
th
1 in this F.M.)
calendar. The
set upDay
is determined
by desired full moon dates
 Feb 28 (14
ofdayAdar
a 30
Month
on desired days of the month, without any regard to the relationship between
th
th
conjunction
sighted new moon
as to which
day is Day
day 1 of Month
the month.
 March 30 (14 theof
Abib OR
Passover
F.M.)
a 29
 April 28th (14th Iyar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 May 28th (14th Sivan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 June 26
29 (14
14
BE DAY 29
Aug 10, 2010
BE DAY 30
Aug 11, 2010
BE DAY 1
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon should fall on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
thhere
We see
two complete
days between
the conjunction
sighted Month
 Jan 30th 2010 (15
Shevat
Full
Moon
F.M.) and
a the
30firstDay
new moon. Sanford has picked the first of these two between days for BE
th
th
1 so thatF.M.)
the 15 of
be theMonth
full moon day (Sept 23 , 2010 @
 Feb 28 (14
ofDAYAdar
aTishri
30willDay
9:17 UT). We saw these two between days back in the June calendar, but
th
th
picked the
second of the
two days.
This shows
arbitrary
 March 30 (14 Sanford
of Abib
Passover
F.M.)
a 29
DaytheMonth
relationship between the conjunction date and the day picked for BE DAY 1.
The determining
in thisDay
calendarMonth
is the need to make the full moon day
 April 28th (14th Iyar
F.M.)factor
a 30
fall on certain days. So in reality this calendar is a full moon method, and not
a new moon
method. a 29 Day Month
 May 28th (14th Sivan
F.M.)
 June 26th (14th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 July 26th (14th29Av F.M.) a 29 Day
15 Month
BE DAY 29
Sep 8, 2010
BE DAY 1
Sep 9, 2010
BE DAY 2
Sep 10, 2010
BE DAY 3
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
rd
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon should fall on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
 Jan 30th 2010 (15th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 Feb 28th (14th of
Adar
F.M.)
30
Day
Again,
BE day
1 falls onathe
between
day Month
in order to target the 15 of the
month on the full moon (October 23 , 01:36 UT).
th
th
 March 30 (14
of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 April 28th (14th Iyar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 May 28th (14th Sivan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 June 26th (14th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 August 24th
29 (14
15
BE DAY 29
Oct 8, 2010
BE DAY 1
Oct 9, 2010
BE DAY 2
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
rd
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon should fall on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
 Jan 30th 2010 (15th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 Feb 28th (14th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 March 30th (14Here,
in order to land the 15 on the Full moon requires BE DAY 1 to be
the same day as the sighted moon, placing a whole day between the
th
th
 April 28 (14 conjunction
Iyar F.M.)
a 30
Month
and BE DAY
1. WeDay
can conclude
that the calendar is set up to
sanctify the full moon and not the new moon, because the full moon keeps
th
th
way things
will go.Day
Here the
conjunction was Nov 6, 04:52
 May 28 (14 determining
Sivan the
F.M.)
a 29
Month
UT, and the Full moon was Nov 21, 17:27 UT (after sunset in Jerusalem).
th
th
 June 26 (14
Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 September 23rd 29
(15th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a1530 Day Month
rd (15
thNov
BE DAY
29
BE DAY 30
Nov 7, 2010
BE DAY 1
 October 23
of6, 2010
Cheshvan
F.M.)
a 29 Day
Month
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the year 2010. If
you start your calendar off on the right solar day, then it should
have and equal number of 29 and 30 day months (6 each), and
the Full Moon should fall on the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
 Jan 30th 2010 (15th Shevat Full Moon F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 Feb 28th (14th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 March 30th (14Inththisof
a the
29conjunction
Day Month
caseAbib
BE DAYPassover
1 has to be on theF.M.)
day between
and the
first sighting. (note that in the sighted moon method, the full moon would
th
th
 April 28 (14 come
Iyar
a 30 Day Month
on theF.M.)
14 ).
 May 28th (14th Sivan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 June 26th (14th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
30 rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) 15
 October 23
a 29 Day Month
BE DAY 30
Dec 6, 2010
BE DAY 1
Dec 7, 2010
BE DAY 2
 November 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 December 21st (15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th
Figures below are from the Bookend Model for the Hebrew
Calendar Abib/Adar year 2010. It still has an equal number of 29
and 30 day months (6 each), and the Full Moon should fall on
average between the 14th or 15th with 354 annual days.
 2010 March 30th (14th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 April 28th (14thSanford
IyarhasF.M.)
30 Day
Month
added twoamonths
on his next
slide here. So let us examine
these. I am really curious why he did not put BE DAY 1 here on the same day
 May 28th (14thasSivan
a had,
29thenDay
the sightedF.M.)
moon. If he
the fullMonth
moon would have landed on the
15 instead of the 16 .
 June 26th (14th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 September 23rd (15th of Tishrei F.M. Sukkot) a 30 Day Month
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
16
 November 21st (15th30of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
BE DAY st
2010
BE DAY 1
5, 2010
DAY 2
 December
21 30 (15Janth4,of
Tevet
F.M.) aJan29
Day BEMonth
 2011 Jan 20th (16th of Shevat F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 February 15th (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
th
th
Figures below
are from the Bookend Model for the Hebrew
If he had targeted the 15 instead of the 16 in the month before, then the
result for Adar year
would be2010.
different. ItNotice
conjunction
on day 28.
Calendar Abib/Adar
stillthehas
an equal
number of 29
Targeting the 16 in the previous month is clearly based on knowledge of
and 30 dayproblematic
months
(6 each),
and
the
Full
Moonis should
fall on
consequence
of targeting
the 15
. That
consequence
seen
This shows that this th
calendar REQUIRES
advanced calculation
th with
averagebelow.
between
the
14
or
15
annual
days.
knowledge at least a month ahead to avoid a decision in 354
the month
before
resulting in a problem in the month after.
 2010 March 30th (14th of Abib Passover F.M.) a 29 Day Month
th Iyar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 April 28th (14
14
28
th Sivan
DAY 28
Feb 3, 2010
29 Day
Feb 4,
2010
BE DAY 1
 May 28thBE(14
F.M.)BEaDAY29
Month
 June 26th (14th Tamuz F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 July 26th (14th Av F.M.) a 29 Day Month
 August 24th (14th Elul F.M.) a 29 Day Month
We see again that we have the day between conjunction and sighting as BE
rd
1. We
can th
nowof
answer
the question
in theSukkot)
preceding slide.a Why
did
 September DAY
23
(15
Tishrei
F.M.
30
Day Month
Sanford target the 16 ?
 October 23rd (15th of Cheshvan F.M.) a 29 Day Month
Should say Feb 18 for the
moon. Just a typo. 21st (15th of Kislev F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 full
November
15
 December 21st29(15th of Tevet F.M.) a 29 Day Month
BE DAY 29
Feb 3, 2010
BE DAY 1
Feb 4, 2010
BE DAY 2
 2011 Jan 20th (16th of Shevat F.M.) a 30 Day Month
 February 15th (15th of Adar F.M.) a 30 Day Month
th
th
th
th
th
th







Ps 81:3 Blow up the trumpet in the New Moon, in the Time
Appointed, on our solemn feast day. KJV
covers the
face of
the new moon
with new light.
all there
is to it folks.
a word
study
ThisHetext
can
speak
volumes
to That’s
us in
regard
to Do
the
importance
in Hebrew on this and you will see that “cover” in this sense is a lot better than “conceal.” The idea
of when
the NEW MOON actually occurs. We know the word
of light being a covering is illustrated in Numbers 9:15, where the pillar of fire covered the
for New
here 3:3,
is Chodesh,
comes
fromobjects
the root
tabernacle.Moon
See also Habakkuk
"His splendor coverswhich
the heavens",
evidently lighted
the glory of the
Almighty. means
Also texts, use
verb of covering repair,
nakedness. A dark
wordshowing
Chadash
which
tothisrebuild,
or moon
renew.
is a naked moon. See Ezekiel 18:16.
The key is to know when to blow the trumpets at the New
Moon, Chodesh/Chadash and the Hebrew word used for
Appointed Time, is Kece or Keceh whose root word is Kacah
which means to cover, conceal, hide, cloth, secrecy, or
overwhelm. Job 26:9 He Nonsense.
coversIt isthe
of the moon (kacah).
coveredface
[with light].
He is not speaking of a Full Moon as some interpretations
allude to. He is speaking only of single event, the new moon
and his witness gives us insight as to when the month starts.
The Hebrew says: Blow the trumpet at the New Moon, when
the moon is CONCEALED (kacah), on our solemn feast day.
The evidence David has supplied to us is monumental to when
the New Moon actually occurs. Clearly, it is when the moon is
covered, concealed, hidden, clothed, in secrecy, or
overwhelm, at the CONJUNCTION!!
Pro 12:23 A wise man conceals (kacah) knowledge…..
Conversation between David and Jonathan

It was during the time of King Saul that we know for certain
they celebrated two days for the New Moon Period of time. This
is a strong
we
know
that there are 2 to
If it waswitness
the 30 day ofbecause
the month in the
morning,
they today
would also say
is the new moon since they knew thestmonth could not have
3 days “tomorrow
from
Conjunction
to the 1 sighting of the Crescent
31 days…..or if David speaks like his wife Michael then “tomorrow”
means in Conjunctionist
the morning and “new moon”
to the feast. David
moon. Both
andrefers
Crescentist
ignore this because
actually saw or got a report that the new moon had been seen at sunset
both want
thenight
importance
of the
consequently
on theto
29 ignore
day, then that
he speaks with Jonathan
and other,
says
meaning the morning, just like his wife used the word the
the two“tomorrow”
day
celebration
in 1 Samuel means very little.
same way (cf. 1Sam. 19:11).
Their conversation only supports the Bookend Model’s Math.
DAY 28. In 1 Sam
20:5tookDavid
saidtextto
Herb Solinsky
up the Samuel
longJonathan,
before the book Look,
model came also. I also considered it long before as no
tomorrow is theend
New
Moon. What were they Looking at??? It
problem at all.
could only have been the last waning crescent on the 28th day.
Day 29. First evening feast, on the DARK MOON DAY.
Day 1. The 2nd evening feast was after sighting of the First
Waxing Crescent. If they had not spotted the crescent that day
they may have known to add a 30th day to the calendar
depending on their Full Moon calculations.
continued…
th
th




Conversation between David and Jonathan






1. Because
Saul the
wantednext
to. It day,
is the only
timesecond day of the new
24 It came
about
the
recorded in Scripture, and there is no
commandment for a second day.
Because they customarily had two days, one after
the 29th day, and one the next day, regardless of
which day was the official new moon. Still the
way?month
Did itwas
evernumbered
occur to Mr.
firstThe
dayonly
of the
afterSanford
the that
onlywas
onesighted,
of the so
new
feastswere
is considered
the
moon
themoon
feast days
on the
of sanctification,
the 30
twoth,days are
1st official
and 2ndday
days
of the month,and
or that
on the
toofmake
sure the sighted moon day is a feast
andmerely
1st days
the month.
day, and that even after knowing the first one is
official, then went ahead with the second feast day
because they wanted to. And what IF someone was
unclean on the first day…ever hear of the second
We could translate this “second day of the month.”
Passover…same analogy.
moon, that David's place was empty; so Saul said to Jonathan
his son, 2."Why has the son of Jesse not come to the meal, either
yesterday or today?”
34 Then Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did
not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he
was grieved over David because his father had dishonored him.
So, you have to ask the question, if the crescent is the first
marker, forward, on the Karaite Calendar--why then would they
have a feast on the SECOND day of the month?
The fact is, the only way you reason two feast days is by
starting at the conjunction on the 1st Dark Moon Day.
The new moon is proclaimed over 2 days. That must bring the
conjunction in as marker one and the sighting of the 1st
crescent as marker two looking backward on the day it is seen.
The Crescent confirms the timing of the conjunction.
Lets make it even clearer…because the
importance of this cannot be underestimated
More astronomical ignorance here. The conjunction day can be more than one day away from the
last sighting of the waning moon. If the moon is seen at an elongation of 19 degrees on this day
(the 28th), then 24 hours later it would be at an elongation of 7 degrees (still waning), but it was not
seen at all due to Danjon’s limit (the 29th day), then the conjunction could occur just after sunset
on the 30th day, and then move to 12 degrees elongation and a steep arc of vision, and be seen after
sunset on the 30th day. There is no guarantee of knowing the new moon day by last observance of
When he said “tomorrow is the new moon” he was
the waning moon.
thebegan
celebration
to begin
Second day,referring
the thirdtoday
after sunset,
or itwith
is the next
just
as his wife used the word
possible thatdaylight
Jonathanperiod,
went out
at sunrise.
th
th
th
7
Sept 8
the same waySept
in 1Sam10
19:11.
Sept “tomorrow”
9th
How could David and Jonathan know for certain
that the next day was the New Moon unless
Sept
they had observed the last waning@ crescent and
28 Elul
29 Elul
2nd the
Tishrei
st
knew
of
the
feast
that
was
planned
on
next
1
Tishrei
Last sighting of
Conjunction at
1 Waxing
waning
crescent
1:30 PM
day?
1 Sam 20:12
If you are a king, there is sense in it,

th
th
st
especially one that is trying to please
others by being ultra pious.
1 Sam 20:5
David says to
Jonathan,
“tomorrow is the
new moon.”

1 Sam 20:24
FIRST evening
Feast.
DARK MOON
Crescent sighted
at evening.
1 Sam 20:27
SECOND evening
David
saw or got a report of
Feast.
The THIRD day
when David and
Jonathan met.
the new moon at this
point, during the night.
Crescentist want to believe that the 2nd day of the feast fell on Tishrei 2. But what
would be the significance of having a costly feast on the second day of any month?
The day to celebrate is the dark moon and the first day of the month which follows.
The new moon is also compared to a new birth…





Why would this be? The Hebrew word molad means birth and
refers to the time during the Conjunction of the new moon.
With each new month comes a new moon that is birthed in
darkness at the conjunction when the waning moon fugitively
dies or disappears in seemingly darkness only to born again.
The answer can be clearer if you simply understand the process
of “when” the birth process begins with a child.
Right, only in post biblical Rabbinic Hebrew. But
The birth actually begins when
NO
canscience
seebythe
child,
really, you
can’tone
determine
symbolism
or as
metaphors.
Get the
fact right
first,
and then do the
ark
with the birth of the new moon,
both
are
in
complete
darkness.
work.
Life starts in darkness, Father creates something from nothing.




Without exception, every ancient pagan culture has used both
the Sun and Crescent Moon as religious worship symbols of
their faith. A book could be written on just this subject alone.
The biblical record indicates that the Israelites have NEVER
used the Crescent Moon or the Sun as a symbol of their faith.
The only time the word Crescent is used in the Bible is to
Now theshaped
pious puttingobject
everyone under
the fear
of God
describe a round
that
was
worn to symbolized
again. The sun and moon are mentioned in Gen. 1:14.
the crescent moon.
In like
Judges
So created
Gideon arose and killed
The moon looks
a crescent. 8:21
The Almighty
it to look that way, but now we are going to be guilty by
Zebah and Zalmunna,
and took the crescent ornaments…
associating with something that Yahweh created to look
like
a crescent.
That’s (why
we sayand
“sighted
moon” or “first
NKJV
Zebah
Zalmunna
werevisible
pagan Midianites)
moon” so as not to offend sensitive people, but we do
reserve the
right to say crescent,
just asand
we reserve
the
Gideon
destroyed
them
melted
them down. The crescent
right to say “tree” (even though trees are worshiped
ornaments
probably
similar to these ancient artifacts:
too). I have deleted
the rest of thislooked
part.


The Temple was run according to the Conjunction for the
ancient calendar which was observed by the Sadducees and the
same as was observed by the Samaritans. After the dispersal
Falsehoods like this lead to total ignorance of how
the rabbinical sects who took
from the
Pharisees
thingsover
really happened.
Learn the
REAL Scripturaltried to
chronology
introduce the postponements
andat www.torahtimes.org.
thus the Samaritans are then
alleged to have had differing lights for the beacons on the new
moons. During the Temple period the beacons were lit as the
new moon was always determined by Conjunction which is not
an observation system. There is no evidence that the
Samaritans ever changed their method of calculation of the
New Moon in history either during
or after
thetheSecond
Temple
This is all historical
bunk from
Christian Church
of
God. Yes,
I saw theirtoday
paper. They
distort
Philo
the
period. They still keep the same
system
(cf.
the
paper
same way Sanford does.
God’s Calendar No. (156) (2nd ed.) from the CCG).
We know from the writings of Josephus exactly that the
Samaritans and the Sadducees both denied any oral tradition
and both kept only the written law of the Torah. We should
note that the Conjunction, or molad, is the astronomical
crossover point from one month to the next and that the
determined Hillel Calendar for the New Moon and the molad
seldom coincide but has become more inaccurate over time.