and prep ositions
TRANSFORMATIONS 1
MARIJA KRZNARIĆ
1
TRANSFORM THE SENTENCES BUT KEEP THE SAME MEANING:
1.We haven’t been to a nice restaurant for weeks.
since
It’s weeks SINCE WE HAVE BEEN to a nice restaurant.
2. Samantha didn’t speak to me in the pub.
avoid
Samantha AVOIDED SPEAKINGTO ME in the pub.
3. Perhaps they phoned while we were shopping.
may
They
while we were shopping.
MAY HAVE PHONED
4. How long have you been learning to drive?
when
When DID YOU LEARN
to drive?
5. Norman doesn’t see his ex-girlfriend anymore.
touch
Norman has LOST TOUCH WITH his ex-girlfriend.
6. Samantha loves participating in salsa dancing competitions.
part
Samantha loves LOVES TAKING PART IN
salsa dancing
competitions.
2
7. Scientists say the universe is expanding.
believed
The UNIVERSE IS BELIEVED TO BE expanding.
8. It isn’t necessary for you to pay immediately.
have
You DON’T HAVE TO pay immediately.
9. Could you take me to the airport on Friday morning?
mind
Would YOU MIND TAKING ME to the airport on Friday morning?
10. The tsunami disaster in Asia was horrifying.
horrify
We WERE HORRIFIED BY the tsunami disaster in Asia.
11. A Harley Davidson is much more expensive than a Honda.
far
A Honda IS FAR CHEAPER THAN a Harley Davidson.
12. I tolerate my mother-in-law because I don’t want to cause
problems.
put
I PUT UP WITH MY mother-in-law because I don’t want
to cause problems.
3
13. Sam can’t see me tonight because he’s going to London.
able
If Sam wasn’t going to London, he WOULD BE ABLE TO see me tonight.
14. It was such a great game I bought it immediately.
so
The GAME WAS SO GOOD THAT I bought it immediately.
15. Building a house without permission is illegal, isn’t it?
law
Building a house without permission IS AGAINST THE LAW , isn’t it?
16. The cake was so good that Craig had to eat all of it.
such
It WAS SUCH A GOOD CAKE THAT Craig had to eat all of it.
17. You’ll have to pay at least 40 Euros to get a good meal.
difficult
You’ll FIND IT DIFFICULT TO get a good meal for less than 40 Euros.
18. I’ve never seen such an attractive woman.
the
This is THE MOST ATTRACTIVE WOMAN I have ever seen.
4
19. Take my advice; don't go to Argentina at this time of year.
be
If I WERE YOU I WOULDN’T go to Argentina at this time of year.
20. There aren't any beers left.
run
We HAVE RUN OUT OF beers.
21. Please stop making that stupid noise.
wish
I WISH YOU STOPPED making that stupid noise.
22. Why do you tolerate such bad behaviour from your children?
up
Why DO YOU PUT UP WITH such bad behaviour from your children?
23. Samantha managed to finish her work on time.
succeed
Samantha SUCCEEDED IN FINISHING her work on time.
24. Samantha sent you the keys to her flat.
was
It WAS SAMANTHA WHO SENT YOU the keys to her flat.
5
25. Robert lives alone in a small flat.
by
Robert LIVES ALL BY HIMSELF in a small flat.
26. Robert earns the same amount of money as Samantha.
much
Robert EARNS AS MUCH AS Samantha.
27. Robert was the only person who didn’t understand.
except
Everyone UNDERSTOOD EXCEPT Robert.
28. Bill started his business five years ago.
set
Bill SET UP HIS BUSINESS five years ago.
29. I’m sure they’ve read the email by now.
have
They MUST HAVE READ the email by now.
30. Robert failed the FCE exam because he hadn’t studied.
would
If Robert had studied, HE WOULDN’T HAVE FAILED the FCE exam.
6
PUT IN: 1 alternatively, 2 as a result of, 3 consequently, 4 furthermore, 5 in spite
of, 6 on top of.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
5
…………………….
their aim to get more young people into universities, the
government has put financial difficulties in their way. Nowadays most students
6
get a loan instead of a grant, and some have to pay tuition fees ………………………
3
1
that. ……………………..
many of them run great huge debts, or ……………………….
their
2
parents have to support them. ………………………
these obstacles, some school
4
leavers are discouraged from applying to go to university. …………………………...,
an
increasing number are dropping out before completing the course.
PUT IN: 1 also, 2 but, 3 despite, 4 or, 5 that, 6 therefore.
CAR PROBLEMS
I was having a lot of problems with my car. The engine kept cutting out, and I
1 had trouble starting it. I got so fed up with it ……………..
5
……..…..
I took it to a
2
garage. They told me it was going to cost hundreds of pounds to repair, ……..……
6
unfortunately I didn’t have the money, and I ………………
decided to get rid of the
3
4 a colleague gives
car …………..
needing it for work. Now I get the bus to work ……….
me a lift.
7
INSERT
by
from 3x
of 2x
on 2x
to 2x
under
until
Richard Halliburton's book "Second Book of Marvels" from 1938 said the Great
Wall of China is the only man-made object visible
the Moon. This belief
from
has persisted
today, assuming urban legend status, sometimes even
until
entering school textbooks. Arthur Waldron, author of the most authoritative history
of the Great Wall, has speculated that the belief might go back
to
the
on
fascination with the "canals" once believed to exist
Mars. The logic was
simple: If people
Earth can see the Martians' canals, the Martians might be
on
able to see the Great Wall. But in fact, the Great Wall is only a few meters wide similar in size
highways and airport runways - and is about the same
to
by
color as the soil surrounding it. It cannot be seen
the unaided eye from
the distance of the Moon, much less from Mars. If the Great Wall were visible from
the Moon, it would also be apparent from near-Earth orbit, but from there it is barely
visible, and only under nearly perfect conditions. The Great Wall of China is no
more conspicuous (=easy to see or notice) from
outer space than many other
man-made objects.
8
INSERT:
around
back
down
for
of
off
on
onto
out
up
without
1. I didn't get to see the end of that mystery movie on TV last night. How did it turn OUT?
2. Jack is having his lawyer draw UP the contract to make sure that all of the
legalities are properly dealt with. We don't want to have any legal problems in the future.
3. The small white flowers are my favorite. They give OFF a wonderful honey smell
that scents the entire garden.
4. He told you he was an actor! I can't believe you fell FOR that. How could you
ever believe that he was an actor? You are so gullible (=naive).
5. Nina wanted to quit college and become a model. Her parents talked her into staying
in school while she pursues her modeling career. That way, if she never makes it as a
model, she can always fall BACK on her education.
6. They pulled OUT the heist (=robbery) perfectly. Everything went exactly as they had
planned.
7. I can't believe Gina and Dave broke UP last week. They have been married for
almost fifteen years. I hope they get back together.
9
around
back
down
for
of
off
on
onto
out
up
without
8. It took us over twelve hours to hike over the mountain. By the time we got back to our
campsite, I was completely worn OUT .
9. Norma has been sick with the flu recently. I don't know if she would feel UP
going to the movies tonight.
to
10. We agreed to take care of their kids while they were on vacation in the Bahamas.
We knew it would be a challenge, but those kids were far more work than we had
bargained FOR !
11. Laurelle has strong opinions, she loves to talk, and she never backs DOWN in an
argument. That's why I love debating philosophical issues with her. Sometimes we talk
for hours.
12. That's a first edition Star Wars comic book. If I were you, I would hold ONTO that.
Someday that 50 cent comic book could be worth hundreds, or even thousands, of
dollars.
13. At first I didn't like living in New York, but now the city is starting to grow
think I am adapting to the fast-paced lifestyle.
14. If you don't have the telephone number now, you can call me UP
to me then.
ON me. I
later and give it
10
around
back
down
for
of
off
on
onto
out
up
without
15. When Judy suggested that the company cancel it's advertising campaign in
"Newsweek" to save money, the marketing director shot DOWN the idea immediately.
He reminded her that that particular campaign had always been especially productive
because of its popularity with the public.
16. Poor Markie has such enormous ears! All the little kids at school make fun OF him
and call him "Dumbo the elephant boy."
17. Candice was so tired that she nodded OFF during her astronomy lecture right in
front of the professor. She needs to get more sleep.
18. You already have a cassette player, a record player, a video recorder, a CD player, a
DVD player, a Walkman, a MiniDisk player, and an Ipod. I think you can do
WITHOUT
an HD-DVD player for a while. At least until the price comes down a little.
19. I couldn't make OUT what he had written in the note because his handwriting is
so unclear.
20. To get a good price on a new notebook computer, you really need to shop AROUND.
There are some great bargains out there, but you have to look for them.
11
away
down
for
in
into
off
on
out
through
up
1. I can't believe how cheap it is to fly to New York right now. It's like they're giving the
tickets AWAY .
2. No matter how hard I work on my essays, I keep getting really low grades. I think my
writing teacher just has it IN for me. She doesn't seem to like me at all.
3. Sidney came DOWN (=get ill) with a terrible case of food poisoning after she ate
the fish at that restaurant. I suggest we find another place to eat tonight.
4. They didn't have enough people sign up for the student ski trip to Lake Tahoe, so the
organizers called the trip OFF . I wish they hadn't canceled it, I was really looking
forward to going.
5. John was laid OFF when his company downsized their marketing division. He has
already interviewed with a couple of new companies and it looks like he might be
offered a position with a new Internet start-up based in San Francisco.
6. I'm sorry, I didn't mean to interrupt you. Please, go ON and finish what you were
saying.
7. When John and Frank first met, they hit it OFF immediately. They have been good
12
friends ever since.
away
down
for
in
into
off
on
out
through
up
8. I didn't see the moose grazing near the edge of the forest until Max pointed it OUT
to me. His knowledge of wildlife enables him to spot many animals that most people
would never notice.
9. There was a huge coffee stain on floor near the copy machine at work. My boss
asked who had made the mess, but nobody would own UP to it. Maybe the culprit
was afraid that he or she would have to pay to have the carpet professionally cleaned.
10. Wayne missed OUT
the flu.
on the chance to go with us to the concert because he had
11. One of the inmates at the local prison escaped last week and was on the run for
over three hours before they caught him. They used specially trained police dogs to
track him DOWN .
12. Now that Liza has retired, she is going to have plenty of free time. Maybe she can
take UP a new hobby or enroll in some classes at the junior college in town.
13. Sebastian wanted to quit college and join a rock band. His parents talked him INTO
staying in school while he pursues his interest in music. That way if he never makes it
as a singer, he can always fall back on his education.
13
away
down
for
in
into
off
on
out
through
up
14. What does "www" stand FOR ? Is it short for "world wide web?"
15. The college administration decided to do AWAY
mathematics is an elective course.
with the math requirement. Now
16. If you want to learn to snowboard, I suggest you try it OUT before you buy your
own boots and board. You want to make sure you actually like the sport before you put
out that much money for the equipment.
17. Diana had wanted to spend Christmas in New Zealand, but her plans fell THROUGH.
She couldn't get enough time off from work to make the trip worthwhile.
18. It's really important to have close friends you can count ON . If you don't have
reliable friends who you can trust, you don't really have anything.
19. When she told me she was going to climb Mount Everest, it didn't really sink IN
(=understand). Only later did I realize how truly dangerous her latest adventure was
going to be.
20. Marge started a fire when she dropped her cigarette butt in the trash can at work.
Luckily, Sandy grabbed the fire extinguisher off the wall and put the fire OUT before
14
any major damage was done.
REWRITE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT IT HAS A SIMILAR MEANING TO
THE FIRST. USE NO MORE THAN 5 WORDS.
1. You must never take your helmet off while you are riding a motorcycle.
all
Helmets must be worn at all times when riding a motorcycle.
2. They wanted to apologize for their behavior: that's why they paid for dinner.
order
They paid for dinner in order to apologize for their behavior.
3. It isn't necessary to bring skis as they are included in the package.
have
You don’t have to bring skis as they are included in the package.
4. I thought parking was allowed here.
under the impression
I was under the impression that parking was allowed here.
5. Tom said, "I will be playing tennis when you arrive."
he
Tom said he would be playing tennis when I arrived.
15
6. When I was a child, we would go to the local park every Saturday afternoon.
used
When I was a child, we used to go to the park every Saturday.
7. His daughter continued to cry until he could not be seen any longer.
sight
She continued to cry until he was out of sight.
8. I'm afraid that car is just too expensive.
means
That car is beyond my means.
9. They moved to this suburb in 1997.
lived
They have lived in this suburb since 1997.
10. One other thing before I forget - Jack is coming to visit next weekend.
by
By the way, Jack is coming to visit next weekend.
16
11. They managed to finish the project in time for the presentation.
succeeded
They succeeded in finishing the project in time for the presentation.
12. Maurice didn't come to the meeting yesterday. Perhaps he was ill.
might
Maurice might have been ill yesterday.
13. Jane allows her children to stay up to midnight on Saturday evenings.
let
Jane lets her children stay up late on Saturdays.
14. Luckily, Peter wasn't charged with an offense when the police caught him stealing
the first time.
off
Peter was very lucky because he was let off.
15. Can I accompany you to the party?
mind
Do you mind my accompanying you to the party?
17
16. I wish you didn't drive so fast.
only
If only you didn’t drive so fast.
17. I think Tom needs to see a doctor. His cough is terrible.
ought
With that terrible cough, Tom ought to see a doctor.
18. You should feel horrible! Why did you say that to Jack?
shame
Shame on you! Why did you say that to Jack?
19. The authorities said she wasn't responsible for the accident.
fault
The accident wasn’t her fault.
20. "Why don't you take a holiday?", said Peter.
suggested
Peter suggested I take a holiday.
18
21. I haven't seen Tom for ages.
since
It's been a long time since I last saw Tom.
22. They were still playing tennis after three hours.
been
They had been playing for three hours.
23. He didn't want to join in the celebrations.
take
He didn't want to take part in the celebrations.
24. What a shame he wasn't able to come.
wish
I wish he had been able to come.
25. I took a sweater but it wasn't necessary.
taken
I needn’t have taken a sweater.
19
26. If you don't know how to spell the word, why don't you check in the dictionary?
up
Why don't you look the word up in the dictionary?
27. Somebody should tell him.
told
He needs to be told by someone.
28. The concert was horrible.
time
The concert was a complete waste of time.
29. He couldn't find me at the exhibition.
find
He wasn't able to find me at the exhibition.
30. She let her son go to New York for the weekend.
allowed
She allowed her son to go to New York.
20
31. I haven't seen her for ages.
time
The last time I saw her was 15 years ago.
32. I didn't understand what he was saying because I hadn't read his book.
would
If I had read his book I would have understood what he was saying.
33. As the class representative I would like to welcome you.
behalf
I'd like to welcome you on behalf of the class.
34. They believe the students were educated in Canada.
believed
The students are believed to have been educated in Canada.
35. He escaped using a disguise.
means
He escaped by means of a disguise.
21
36. Remind me to call Jack.
forget
Don't let me to forget to call Jack.
37. This pasta is a new experience for me.
time
It is the first time I have tried this pasta.
38. She has probably found a new job.
likely
It is likely she has found a new job.
39. I don't agree with prohibiting smoking in bars.
favour
I'm not in favour of prohibiting smoking in bars.
40. It doesn't need to be finished this afternoon.
finish
It isn’t necessary to finish this afternoon
22
41. Pittsburgh is less exciting than New York.
as
Pittsburgh isn’t as exciting as New York.
42. He couldn't read the inscription because it was too high.
low
The inscription wasn't low enough for him to reach.
43. She didn't accept his marriage proposal.
down
She turned his marriage proposal down.
44. We were told to wait here by the director.
who
It was the director who told us to wait here.
45. Can you look after the kids this afternoon?
of
Can you take care of the kids this afternoon?
23
46."Why don't you take a day off?" asked Jim.
should
Jim suggested I should take a day off.
47. He acts like a poor man even if he has a lot of money.
fact
Even though he acts like a poor man, he in fact has a lot of money.
48. I didn't mean to break that vase.
on
I didn't break that vase on purpose.
49.Jack says Jenny is responsible.
according
It's Jenny's responsibility according to Jack.
50. I was so bored by his lecture I left.
boring
His lecture was so boring that I left.
24
51. I am afraid I'm still having problems with understanding life in New York.
used
I am not used to living in New York.
52. I think we need to get a new car.
in
We need to get a new car in my opinion.
53. I'd prefer it if you didn't smoke in here.
mind
Would you mind not smoking in here.
54. Many people were delayed because of the traffic jam.
number
A number of people were delayed by the traffic jam.
55. It was such an interesting novel I stayed up all night to finish it.
so
The novel was so interesting I stayed up all night to finish it.
25
56. Although he was able to do the job, he wasn't given the position.
despite
Despite his ability to do the job, he wasn't given the position.
57. You should take the train instead of the bus.
were
If I were you, I'd take the train instead of the bus.
58. Can you describe him to me?
like
What is he like?
59. It isn't necessary to buy a first class ticket.
have
You don’t have to buy a first class ticket.
60. I'm sure he was at home last night.
must
He must have been at home last night.
26