Connect!
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Why do you need to eat?
What happens to the food you eat?
Why do you need to breathe?
What happens to the oxygen you breathe in?
What do all the chemical reactions in your body
need in order to occur?
C. Energy Transfer Reaction: Respiration
• ALL organisms need energy and must
obtain that energy from other sources.
Every organism uses the chemical
process of respiration to put energy into a
usable form.
• Okay, here it is…
cellular respiration is NOT breathing!
It is the Release of Energy from food.
Most organisms happen to use oxygen to
help them get the energy out of food,
hence the misunderstanding.
• means getting energy from food (glucose)
• energy from glucose is used to form ATP
Involves the following:
1. Transferring the stored chemical energy in
food to a form organisms can use.
2. This transfer requires the exchange of oxygen
between an organism and its environment.
3. Respiration is a continual process in the cells
of all living things. (explains the constant need
for oxygen – all cells need gazillions of ATP
molecules constantly!)
It happens ALL THE TIME!
Importance
• Cellular respiration is the enzymecontrolled reactions in which the energy of
food (also known as glucose) is converted
into a more usable form of energy.
• ALL cells run on energy released from
ATP. Organisms carry out life functions
using ATP energy. This includes plants as
well as animals.
ALL ORGANISMS
CARRY OUT
RESPIRATION
ALL THE TIME!
Gumball Machine Analogy
Could you get a gumball out of this machine with a dollar bill?
What would you have to do?
Change the dollar bill into a more usable form, right?
Can your cells use the candy for energy?
What has to be done?
Change it into a more usable form – ATP!
ATP: The Usable Form of Energy
• is short for adenosine
triphosphate
• this molecule stores the
energy obtained from food
• when ATP is hydrolyzed
ENERGY is released that
living things can use
How It Is Done
• most organisms have enzymes in the
mitochondria of their cells that are
involved in using oxygen to get the energy
out of food
• since oxygen is often used as the releaser
of energy, the process is often referred to
as aerobic cellular respiration
• mitochondria are plentiful in cells that
require a lot of energy, such as muscle
cells
• the mitochondria use oxygen to release
the chemical energy of glucose in a series
of enzyme-controlled reactions
• Ingredients for respiration include:
1. glucose
2. oxygen
3. enzymes
• Mix the ingredients in the
mitochondria and you get ATP.
• Other products include CO2 and H2O
(waste products).
Chemical Equation for Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2
enzymes
H2O + CO2 + 36 ATPs
Word Equation for Respiration
glucose + oxygen
produces
water + carbon dioxide
+ energy
Using ATP
• the ATP gained from respiration is easily
hydrolyzed so organisms can get energy
*when ATP is hydrolyzed, energy is
released and ADP is formed
*ATP + H2O
ADP + P + energy
*this reaction is reversible
*this reaction is used for all life functions
which require energy (metabolism)
Go here: http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html
Chunk!
•Define respiration.
•What is the source of the energy?
•What is the usable form of energy?
•What gas is necessary for respiration?
•When does respiration occur, and in what organisms?
•Why are enzymes needed?
•How is a 20 dollar bill like glucose?
•What do the letters ATP stand for?
•Where is the energy in the ATP?
•Where in the cell does respiration occur?
•What does aerobic refer to?
•What kind of cells have many mitochondria? Why?
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What does a mitochondrion look like?
What are the 3 ingredients for respiration?
What are the 3 products of respiration?
What is the chemical equation for respiration?
What is the word equation for respiration?
What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed?
What is ADP?
How is ATP like a rechargeable battery?