Adolescence
(Halloween Special)
The transition period from
childhood to adulthood.
Is adolescence getting longer or
shorter?
Physical Development
• It all begins with puberty
Puberty: the period of sexual maturation,
during which a person becomes capable of
reproducing.
Primary Sexual Characteristics
• The body structures that make sexual reproduction
possible
Ovaries
Vagina
Testicles
Penis
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
• Nonreproductive sexual characteristics
Female breasts
Deepening of male voice
Body hair
Jalo’s Hips
When does puberty start?
The Landmarks
• First ejaculation for boys
•Menarche for girls
Do we remember these things?
Puberty
Sequence is way more predictable than the
timing.
How might timing differences effect an adolescent socially?
Cognitive Development
• Have the ability to reason but…….
•The reasoning is self-focused. Assume that their
experiences are unique.
•Experience formal operational thought
Lawrence Kohlberg and his stages of
Morality
• Preconventional Morality
• Conventional Morality
• Postconventional Morality
Preconventional Morality
• Morality of self- interest
• Their actions are either to
avoid punishment or to
gain rewards.
Conventional Morality
Morality is based upon obeying
laws to
1. Maintain social order
2. To gain social approval
Postconventional Morality
• Morality based on your
own ethical principles.
Talk is Cheap
How do we turn morality into action?
• Teach Empathy
• Self-discipline to delay gratification
• Modal moral behavior
Social Development
Its all about forming an
identity!!!
Identity
• One’s sense of self.
• The idea that an adolescent’s
job is to find oneself by
testing various roles.
• Comes from Erik Erikson’s
stages of Psychosocial
development.
Identity
• Some teenagers take their identity
early by sharing their parents values
and expectations.
• Some teenagers will adopt a negative
identity- opposition to society, but
conforms to a peer group.
Intimacy
• Towards the end of adolescence,
intimacy becomes the prime goal.
• Can you list the intimacy
differences between men and
women?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Age
Birth - 18
months
Important Description
Event
Feeding Infants form a
loving, trusting
relationship with
parents; they
also learn to
mistrust others.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Age
18 months - 3
Years
Important
Event
Toilet
Training
Description
Child's energies are
directed toward
physical skills:
walking, grasping,
and toilet training.
The child learns
control along with a
healthy dose of
shame and doubt.
Initiative vs. Guilt
Age
Important
Description
Event
3 - 6 Years Independence Child becomes
more assertive,
takes more
initiative,
becomes more
forceful.
Competence vs. Inferiority
Age
6 - 12 Years
Important
Description
Event
School
The child must
deal with
demands to learn
new skills while
risking a sense of
inferiority and
failure
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Age
Important
Description
Event
Adolescence Peers
Teens must achieve
self-identity while
deciphering their
roles in occupation,
politics, and
religion.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Age
Important
Description
Event
Young Adult Relationships The young adult
must develop
marriage-seeking
relationships
while combating
feelings of
isolation.
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Age
Important
Description
Event
Middle Adult Parenting Assuming the role
of parents
signifies the need
to continue the
generations while
avoiding the
inevitable feeling
of failure.
Integrity vs. Despair
Age
Late Adult
Important
Description
Event
Life
Acceptance of
Reflection one's lifetime
accomplishments
and sense of
fulfillment.