Chapter 19: Civil Liberties
Section 1
19.1 Define Bill of Rights
19.2 Define civil liberties
19.3 Define civil rights
19.4 Explain the relativity of individual rights
19.5 List persons guaranteed individual rights
19.6 List examples of times individual rights can be denied
Explain the Constitutional Amendments
1. Explain the 1st amendment (chapter 19)
a. Religion
i. Separation of Church & State
1. Establishment Clause
2. Released Time
a. McCollum v. Board of Education (1948)
b. Zorach v. Clauson (1952)
3. Prayers and the Bible
a. Engel v. Vitale (1962)
b. Abington School District v. Schempp (1963)
c. Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)
d. Lee v. Weisman (1992)
e. Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
4. Student Religious Groups
a. Equal Access Act of 1984
b. Westside Community Schools v. Mergens (1990)
c. Good News Club v. Milford Central School (2001)
5. Evolution
a. Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)
b. Edwards v. Aguillard (1987)
6. State Aid to Parochial Schools
a. Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925)
b. Everson v. Bd. Of Education (1947)
7. The Lemon Test
a. Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
b. Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Nyquist (1973)
c. Committee for Public Education & Religious Liberty v. Regan (1980)
d. Mueller v. Allen (1983)
e. Grand Rapids School District v. Ball (1985)
f. Bowen v. Kendrick (1988)
g. Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District (1993)
h. Agostini v. Felton (1997)
i. Mitchell v. Helms (2000)
j. Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)
8. Seasonal Displays
a. Lynch v. Donelly (1984)
b. County of Allegheny v. ACLU (1989)
c. Pittsburgh v. ACLU (1989)
9. Chaplains
a. Marsh v. Chambers (1983)
10. The Ten Commandments
a. Stone v. Graham (1980)
b. Van Order v. Perry (2005)
c. McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky (2005)
ii. Free Exercise Clause
1. Limitations:
a. Reynolds v. United States (1879)
b. Jacobsen v. Massachusetts (1905)
c. Bunn v. North Carolina (1949)
d. Prince v. Massachusetts (1944)
e. McGowan v. Maryland (1961)
f. Cox v. New Hampshire (1941)
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
2.
b.
Upheld
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Welsh v. United States (1970)
Gillette v. United States (1971)
Goldman v. Weinberger (1986)
Oregon v. Smith (1990)
Jimmy Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equal (1990)
Locke v. Davey (2004)
Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940)
Watchtower Bible and Tract Society v. Village of Stratton (2002)
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
Sherbert v. Verner (1963)
Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah (1990)
Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940)
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)
Speech
i. Schwimmer v. United States (1929)
ii. Define libel
1. Hustler Magazine v. Falwell (1988)
iii. Define slander
iv. Define sedition
v. Define seditious speech
vi. Explain the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
vii. Explain the Sedition Act of 1917 (part of the Espionage Act
1. Schenck v. United States (1919)
viii. Explain the Smith Act of 1940
1. Cox v. New Hampshire (1941)
2. Dennis v. United States (1951)
3. Yates v. United States (1957)
ix. Hate Speech
1. http://www.crf-usa.org/school-violence/should-hate-be-outlawed.html
2.
x. Explain obscenity
1. Roth v. United States (1957)
2. Miller v. California (1973)
3. Young v. American Mini Theaters (1976)
4. City of Renton v. Playtimes Theaters, Inc. (1986)
5. Schad v. Borough of Monnt Ephraim (1981)
6. FW/PBS., Inc. v. City of Dallas (1990)
7. Barnes v. Glen Theatre Inc. (1991)
8. City of Erie v. Pap’s A&M (2000)
9. City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books (2002)
10. Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002)
11. United States v. American Library Association (2003)
12. City of Littleton v. Z.J. Gifts (2004)
13. United States v. Williams (2008)
xi. Explain prior restraint
1. Near v. Minnesota (1931)
2. Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart (1976)
3. New York Times v. United States (1971)
4. Exceptions
a. Greer v. Spock (1976)
b. Snepp v. United States (1980)
c. Thornburgh v. Abbott (1989)
d. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
xii. Explain the importance of confidentiality
1. Branzburg v. Hayes (1972)
2. Define shield laws
xiii. Explain censorship on Movies
1.
2.
Mutual Film Corporation v. Ohio (1915)
Burstyn v. Wilson (1952
xiv. Explain censorship on TV and Radio
1. Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC (1969)
2. National Broadcasting Co. v. United States (1943)
3. FCC v. Pacifica Foundation (1978)
4. Denver Area Educ. Telecommunications Consortium v. FCC (1996)
5. United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group (2000)
xv. Explain symbolic speech
1. Define picketing
2. Thornhill v. Alabama (1940)
3. United States v. O’Brien (1968)
4. Virginia v. Black (2003)
5. Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969)
SCHOOLS
http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/speech/studentexpression/topic.aspx?topic=clothing_dress_codes_uniforms
6. Davenport v. Randolph County Board of Education, 1984
7. Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986)
8. Bivens v. Albuquerque Public Schools (1997)
9. Newsom v. Albermarie County School Board (2003)
10. Bretton Barber v. Dearborn Public Schools (2003)
11. Mark Ashby against Mars Elementary (2002)
12. Kolby Hurt v. Boonville High School (2003)
13. Texas v. Johnson (1989)
14. United States v. Eichman (1990)
xvi. Explain commercial speech
1. Bigelow v. Virginia (1975)
2. Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. VA Citizens Consumer Council (1976)
3. 44 Liquormart Inc. v. Rhode Island (1996)
4. Madigan v. Telemarketing Associates, INC. (2003)
c.
Explain the freedom of assembly and petition
i. Explain the Constitution’s guarantees to assemble
1. Define civil disobedience
ii. Explain regulations in regards to Time-Place-Manner
iii. Cox v. New Hampshire (1941)
iv. Gregory v. Chicago (1969)
v. Frisby v. Schultz (1988)
vi. Madsen v. Women’s Health Services, Inc. (1994)
vii. Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York (1997)
viii. Hill v. Colorado (2000)
ix. Lloyd Corporation v. Tanner (1972)
x. PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins (1980)
xi. NAACP v. Alabama (1958)
xii. Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)
xiii. OTHER:
1. Board of Education, Island Trees Union Free School District v. Pico (1982)
2.
Explain the 2nd amendment (chapter 20)
a. Militia
b. Bear Arms
i. United States v. Miller (1939)
3.
Explain the 3rd amendment
a. Quartering of troops
b. Security of Home and Person
4.
Explain the 4th amendment (chapter 20)
a. Define search warrant
b. Illegal Search and Seizure
i. Define writs of assistance
ii. Define probable cause
1. Florida v. J.L. (2000)
2. Minnesota v. Carter (1999)
3. Lidster v. Illinois (2004)
4. Horton v. California (1990)
5. California v. Greenwood (1988)
iii. Define arrest
1. Minnesota v. Dickerson (1989)
2. Illinois v. Wardlow (2000)
iv. Define exclusionary rule
1. Weeks v. United States (1914)
2. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
3. Nix v. Williams (1984)
4. United States v. Leon (1984)
5. Arizona v. Evans (1995)
6. Maryland v. Garrison (1987)
7. United States v. Johnson (1999)
v. Automobiles
1. Carroll v. United States (1925)
2. Schneckloth v. Bustamonte (1973)
3. Michigan v. Sitz (1990)
4. California v. Acevedo (1991)
5. Florida v. Jimeno (1991)
6. Wyoming v. Houghton (1999)
7. Illinois v. Caballes (2005)
8. Maryland v. Pringle (2003)
9. Pennsylvania v. Mimms (1997)
10. Arizona v. Gant (2008-09)
vi. Drug Testing
1. National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab (1989)
2. Skinner v. Federal Railway Labor Executives Associaion (1989)
3. Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)
4. Board of Education of Pottowatomie Countie v. Earls (2002)
vii. Schools
1. New Jersey v. T.L.O (1985)
2. Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)
3. Board of Education of Pottowatomie Countie v. Earls (2002)
viii. Explain wiretapping & other technology
1. Olmstead v. United States
2. Katz v. United States (1967)
3. United States v. Knotts (1983)
4. Kyllo v. United States (2001)
ix. Other Cases:
1. Skurtenis v. Jones (2000) – Strip Searches
2. Ybarra v. Illinois (1979) – Guilt by Association
3. Hester v. United States – Open Fields
4. Griffin v. Wisconsin – Probation Individuals
x. DNA- http://www.denverda.org/DNA/Surreptitious_Collection_and_Abandoned_DNA_Cases.htm
1. Commonwealth v. Rice (2004)
2. People v. Ayler (2003)
3. State v. Christian (2006)
4. State v. Athan (2007)
5. Commonwealth v. Cabral (2007)
6. People v. Laudenberg (2008)
7. Pharr v. Commonwealth (2007)
8. State v. Galloway and Hoesly (2005)
xi. Other Cases: http://www.flexyourrights.org/fourth_amendment_supreme_court_cases
1. Florida v. Bostick (1991) – Investigatory Stops and Detentions
2. Terry v. Ohio (1968)- Stop and Frisk Rule
5.
Explain the 5th amendment
a. Define writ of habeas corpus
b. Define due process (pg. 564)
i. Define procedural due process
1. Rochin v. California (1952)
ii. Define substantive due process
1. Pierce v. Society of Sisters
iii. Explain the State’s police power (14th amendment)
1. Promote health
2. Promote safety
3. Promote Morals
4. Promote the General Welfare
iv. Define search warrant
v. Right to Privacy
1. Stanley v. Georgia (1969)
2. Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
3. Abortion
a. Roe v. Wade (1973)
i. Explain the trimester system
b. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
c. Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1990)
d. Minnesota v. Hodgson (1990)
e. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992)
i. Explain the 4 new standards
f. Stenberg v. Carhart (2000)
g. The Federal Abortion Ban (2003)
h. 2007 in Gonzales v. Carhart and Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood Federation of
America (2007)
i. Nebraska Safe Haven Law
j. NEBRASKA LAWS
c. Define grand jury
d. Define indictment
e. Explain double jeopardy
i. United States v. Di Francesco (1980)
ii. Benton v. Maryland (1969)
iii. Kansas v. Hendrick (1987) & Seling v. Young (2001)
f. Explain being a witness against one’s self
i. Malloy v. Hogan (1964)
ii. Schmerber v. California (1969)
iii. Ashcraft v. Tennessee (1944)
iv. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
1. Berghuis v. Thompkins (2009)
2. Yarborough v. Alvarado (2003)
v. Trammel v. United States (1980)
vi. Illinois v. Perkins (1990)
vii. Missouri v. Seibert (2004)
g. Define eminent domain
i. Penn Central v. New York City (1978)
ii. Kelo v. City of New London (2005)
6.
Explain the 6th amendment
a. Explain a speedy trial
i. Klopfer v. North Carolina (1967)
ii. Barker v. Wingo (1972)
iii. Explain the Speedy Trial Act of 1974
b. Explain a public trial
c.
d.
i. Estes v. Texas (1965)
ii. Chandler v. Florida (1981)
Explain a trial by jury
i. Defendant has the right to: (3 things)
1. Jury Trial
a. Williams v. Florida (1970)
b. Burch v. Louisiana (1979)
c. Strauder v. West Virginia (1880)
d. Taylor v. Louisiana (1975)
e. Miller-El v. Dretke (2005)
f. Explain how to serve as a juror
2. Change of Venue
3. Waive jury trial
a. One Lot Emerald Cut Stones and One Ring v. United States (1972)
4. Define bench trial
Explain the right to an adequate defense
i. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
ii. Confrontation Clause
1. Pointer v. Texas (1965)
2. Smith vs. Illinois (1968)
3. Bruton vs. United States (1968)
4. Washington v. Texas (1967)
iii. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)
iv. Scott vs. Illinois (1979)
v. Halbert v. Michigan (2005)
7.
Explain the 7th amendment
8.
Explain the 8th amendment
a. Excessive bails and fines
i. Define bail.
1. Stack v. Boyle (1951)
ii. Define preventive detention
1. United States v. Salerno (1987)
b. Explain cruel and unusual punishment
i. Wilkerson v. Utah (1879)
1. In re Kemmler (1890)
ii. Weems v. United States (1910)
iii. Louisiana v. Resweber (1947)
iv. Robinson v. California (1962)
v. Ingraham v. Wright (1977)
vi. Lockyer v. Andrade (2003)
vii. Define capital punishment
1. Furman v. Georgia (1972)
2. Woodson v. North Carolina (1976)
3. Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
4. Coker v. Georgia (1977)
5. Thompson v. Oklahoma (1988)
6. Stanford v. Kentucky (1989)
7. Atkins v. Virginia (2002)
8. Ring v. Arizona (2002)
9. Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Explain the 9th amendment (pg. 536)
9.
10. Explain the 10th amendment
a. Wickard vs. Filburn (1942)
b. Garcia vs. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985)
c. South Dakota vs. Dole (1987)
d. Printz vs. United States, 1997
e. United States vs. Lopez (1995)
11. Explain the 11th amendment
12. Explain the 12th amendment
13. Explain the 13th amendment (chapter 20)
a. Define “involuntary servitude”
b. Explain the draft
i. Selective Draft Law Cases (Arver v. United States) (1918)
c. Civil Rights Cases (1883)
i. Define discrimination
ii. Jones v. Mayer (1968)
1. Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)
iii. Shaare Tefila Congregation v. Cobb (1987)
iv. St. Francis College v. Al-Khazraji (1987)
14. Explain the 14th amendment
 3 Rights:
a. Due Process Clause
i. DeShaney v. Winnebago County (1989)
b. Explain the Equal Protection Clause
i. Citzenship Clause
1. Elk v. Wilkens (1884)
2. U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)
ii. African-Americans
1. Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1866
2. Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1871
3. Compromise of 1877
4. Explain the Rational Basis Test
a. Michael M. v. Superior Court (1981)
5. Explain the Strict Scrutiny Test
6. Define Segregation
a. Explain Jim Crow laws
b. Explain separate-but-equal doctrine
c. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
d. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
e. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
f. Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
g. Runyon v. McCrary (1976)
7. Explain de facto segregation
8. Define integration
a. Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1964
b. Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1968
i. Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education (1969)
9. Define affirmative action
a. Define quotas
b. Define reverse discrimination
c. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
d. United Steelworkers v. Weber (1979)
e. Johnson v. Transportation Agency of Santa Clara County (1987)
f. Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1995)
g. Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)
h. Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
i. Proposition 209
iii. Native Americans
1. Explain the quote by Thomas E. Patterson (pg. 596)
2. Define reservation
3. Explain the Indian Civil Rights Act (1968)
4. Chickasaw Nation v. United States (2001)
iv. Hispanic Americans
1. Explain the 4 main groups
2. Define refugees
3. Plyler v. Doe (1982)
4. Explain the Equal Opportunity Act (1974)
v. Asian Americans
1. Define assimilation
2. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
vi. Women
1. Title IX
2. Bradwell v. Illinois (1873)
3. Hoyt v. Florida (1961)
4. Reed v. Reed (1971)
5. Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)
6. Taylor v. Lousiana (1975)
7. Craig v. Boren (1976)
8. Dothard v. Rawlingson (1977)
9. United States v. Virginia (1996)
10. Rostker v. Goldberg (1981)
11. Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, INC. (1991)
12. Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders (2004)
13. What are the 2 rules? (pg. 606)
14. Restraining orders
a. Town of Castle Rock, Colorado vs. Jessica Gonzales (2005)
c. Privileges or Immunities Clause
i. Colgate v. Harvey (1935)
15. Explain the 15th amendment (pg. 159)
a. Explain the difficulties to vote for African-Americans
i. Smith v. Allwright (1944)
ii. Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1960)
iii. Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1957
iv. Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1960
v. Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1964
vi. Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1965
1. Explain preclearance
2. South Carolina v. Katzenbach (1966)
vii. Explain extensions in 1970, 1975, 1982, & 1992
a. Oregon v. Mitchell (1970)
16. Explain the 16th amendment
a. Springer v. United States (1881)
b. Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Co., (1895)
c. Compania General de Tabacos v. Collector of Internal Revenue (1927)
d. Explain progressive tax
e. Explain the individual income tax
f. Explain the corporate income tax
17. Explain the 17th amendment
18. Explain the 18th amendment (“the noble experiment”)
19. Explain the 19th amendment
a. Explain the "Declaration of Sentiments"
b. Describe Susan B. Anthony
c. Explain the importance of Wyoming???
d. Minor vs Happersett (1875)
e. What happened in 1878? And every year for the next 41 years?
f. What was the importance of T. Roosevelt and the Bull Moose Party?
20. Explain the 20th amendment
21. Explain the 21st amendment
22. Explain the 22nd amendment
a. Explain the 2-term concept
23. Explain the 23rd amendment
24. Explain the 24th amendment
25. Explain the 25th amendment
26. Explain the 26th amendment
a. Oregon v. Mitchell (1970)
27. Explain the 27th amendment