Bellringer 7:
Do Species Change Over Time?
As the climate or environment changes, will
a species change or adapt to the new
environment?
Explain what will happen if the species does
not adapt.
ALL LIVING THINGS MUST ADAPT
BELLRINGERS
1. Describe why a species would change
over time.
2. Describe how fossils are formed and
name several types.
3. Name and describe how each of the rock
types are formed.
4. Describe how the law of superposition is
used to date rocks and fossils.
What Evidence Do Scientists Have That
Species Do Change? How do we know
species have adapted?
FOSSIL EVIDENCE – Scientists can study
fossils to see how species have changed with
the environment.
a. Fossil- Any naturally preserved evidence
of life.
TYPES OF ROCKS
• In which type of rock will
you find a fossil?????
• 3 TYPES OF ROCKS
– IGNEOUS
– SEDIMENTARY
– METAMORPHIC
• Definition: FORMED WHEN
MAGMA COOLS AND
HARDENS (SOLIDIFIES)
– Can a fossil form in
this kind of rock?
Explain your
answer.
• ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE
CHANGED INTO IGNEOUS ROCK
BY MELTING & COOLING OF ANY
ROCK
Would you find
igneous rocks
in Kentucky?
Where would you
find them?
Definition: FORMED WHEN
EXISTING ROCK IS
CHANGED INTO NEW ROCK
BY HEAT AND PRESSURE.
• ALL TYPES OF ROCKS AND BE
CHANGED INTO METAMORPHIC ROCK
BY HEAT AND PRESSURE
• Definition: FORMED WHEN LAYERS
(STRATA) OF SEDIMENTS HARDEN
AND FORM SOLID ROCK
• Sediment – grains or small pieces of
rock that settle out of water
• This type of rock can only be formed
UNDER WATER!!!!!!!
This is the only type of
rock that fossils can be
found!!!!!!
• ALL TYPES OF ROCKS AND BE CHANGED
INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK BY
WEATHERING, EROSION, & LAYERING OF
SEDIMENTS
How does a fossil form?
1. Organism dies.
2. Plant or animal has to be completely covered by
water or soil
3. Water deposits sediment over organism.
4. Layers build up over the organism.
5. Mud, sediments and bones turn into rock.
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explo
rations/tours/fossil/5to8/Intro.html
BELLRINGERS
1. Describe why a species would change
over time.
2. Describe how fossils are formed.
3. Name the 4 main types of fossils.
4. Name and describe how each of the rock
types are formed.
5. Define – geologic column, relative dating,
absolute dating, fossil record, index fossil
6. Describe how the law of superposition is
used to date rocks and fossils.
Fossil Formation and Types
1. Fossils in rock
2. Petrification
3. Entire Organisms
4. Trace Fossils
www.ucmp.berkeley.
edu/education/explo
rations/tours/fossil/9
to12/Page2.html
Fossil Formation and Types
a. Fossils in rocks (not the actual object)mold- hollow area in sediment in the shape of
an organism.
cast- Copy of the shape of the organism. Not
hollow.
imprint – thin objects like leaves or feathers leave
small impression in the rock
mold
cast
Imprint
Fossil Formation and Types
B. Petrification –Organism’s tissues are
replaced by minerals and it is turned into
stone.
Petrified Wood
Dino Leg Bone
Fossil Formation and Types
C. Entire organisms – whole organism preserved
Amber – Insect lands in tree sap and it
hardens.
Mummification – Organism dies out so fast
that the organism does not decay.
Frozen – Organism trapped in ice.
Tar – Organism caught in tar pit.
Fossil Formation and Types
D. Trace Fossils – preserved evidence of animal activity
Tracks & Trails – Tracks left
www.ucmp.berkeley.e
du/education/explorati
by animals.
ons/tours/fossil/9to12/
Nests – with or w/o eggs
Page2b.html
Burrows – Shelters animals dug
Coprolites – Preserved feces (poop).
Tracks
Dino Eggs
Burrow
Coprolites
You and a partner are to make examples of
each of these 5 types of fossils:
1. Mold
2. Cast
3. Trace
4. Imprint
5. Entire organism
Use the materials in the basket on the desk.
YOU HAVE TWENTY MINUTES. I
WILL CHECK EACH TABLE.
BELLRINGERS
1. Describe why a species would change
over time.
2. Describe how fossils are formed.
3. Name the 4 main types of fossils.
4. Name and describe how each of the rock
types are formed.
5. Define – geologic column, relative dating,
absolute dating, fossil record, index fossil
6. Describe how the law of superposition is
used to date rocks and fossils.
Four Things Fossils Tell Us
1. Many different
life forms have
become extinct.
2. Earth’s climate
has changed.
3. Earth’s
landscape has
changed.
4. Appearance &
activities of
organism that are
now extinct.
How Do Scientists Date Fossils?
Absolutes dating: Gives an age in actual
numbers of years(3 million years ago)
Scientists use carbon dating.
Relative Dating: Does not age an exact date. It
compares one fossil or layer to another.
Scientists use Law of Superposition
Absolute dating
Relative Dating
How Do Scientists Get the Relative
date of the Fossils?
They use the Law of Superposition!!!!!!
Law states- Younger
rocks are found on top
of the older rock. This
way they can see which
fossil lived first.
Fossil Record – a listing of all known living
organisms from past to present.
Index Fossil: tell relative age of fossils because
they only existed for a brief time.
Stories in Rocks(Environmental Change)
The kinds of fossils found in a layer is evidence
what the environment was in the past.
Look at the pictures below and describe how the
climate and environment changed over time.
Read the Red
science plus
page S130 –133
Evidence of
Change!!!!!
If there was a layer of fossils above layer A that
contained fossils of small mammals and plants,
explain how that environment has changed.
Sometimes when scientists try to
interpret rock layers, the layers
have been disturbed by Earth
processes. Scientists have to know
about these problems.
What causes these disruptions in the rock layers?
(These processes will change the rock layers and
affect the Law of Superposition)
Natural Processes that
change the Earth’s surface.
1.Weathering – the
breaking down of rocks
into sediments
2. Erosion –
carrying away of
sediments
3. Deposition –
Laying down of
sediments
What can Disturb the Rock Layers?
Types of Unconformities
1. Folds – Rocks layers
bend and buckle from
the internal forces of
the Earth.
2. Faults – Break
in the Earth’s crust
3. Intrusions –
magma squeezes
between rock
and cools
underground
4. Extrusion –
magma is forced
to the surface
and hardens
5. Erosions –
Rock layer is
exposed and
eroded away.
This causes the
rock layer to
disappear from
the geologic
column. These
boundaries are
usually wavy.