CAUSES
•
BY THE END OF WWII,
TWO SUPERPOWERS
FACED EACH OTHER.
•
BOTH THE ALLIED FORCES
AND THE SOVIET UNION
HAD GREAT MILITARY
STRENGTH.
Source:
http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/burns/Unit_11_Cold_War/Unit11
_map_Cold_War_Europe_1.GIF
THE SOVIET UNION
• THE SOVIET UNION WAS FOUNDED IN 1922 AND LASTED UNTIL 1991.
• BY THE END OF WWII, IT CONTROLLED MOST OF EASTERN EUROPE AND THE EASTERN
PORTION OF GERMANY.
• IT BECAME IDEOLOGICALLY OPPOSED TO THE UNITED STATES.
IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT
CAPITALISM
COMMUNISM
WHY A ‘COLD WAR”?
•
BOTH THE U.S. AND THE USSR
HAD NUCLEAR WEAPONS.
•
EACH SIDE FEARED THE
CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR
WAR.
•
BOTH SIDES TRIED TO
DESTABILIZE THE OTHER AND
EXPAND THEIR SPHERE OF
INFLUENCE.
Nuclear missile displayed on military parade
in Moscow.
Source: http://classroom.synonym.com/DMResize/photos.demandstudios.com/getty/arti
cle/198/74/2660982.jpg?w=600&h=600&kee
THE KOREAN WAR (1950 TO 1953)
KOREAN WAR
•
IN 1945, KOREA WAS
PARTITIONED.
•
NORTH: SOVIET-BACKED
COMMUNIST REGIME.
•
SOUTH: US-BACKED
CAPITALIST REGIME.
•
IN 1949, THE US PULLED OUT OF
SOUTH KOREA.
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10162283
• IN 1950, THE NORTH INVADED.
• A UN FORCE, MOSTLY US
TROOPS CAME TO AID THE
SOUTH.
• CHINA JOINED IN TO HELP
NORTH KOREA.
• WITH NEITHER SIDE ABLE TO
GAIN AN ADVANTAGE, THE USSR
PROPOSED AN ARMISTICE.
• 1953, BORDERS ALMOST THE
SAME AS BEFORE WAR.
Source:
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/s300000
/s357227.jpg
NAMES GIVEN TO THE KOREAN WAR
• UNITED STATES: “THE FORGOTTEN WAR”
OR “THE UNKNOWN WAR”
• SOUTH KOREA:
“6-2-5 WAR” (THE DATE IT STARTED)
• NORTH KOREA:
“FATHERLAND LIBERATION WAR”
• CHINA:
“WAR TO RESIST US AGGRESSION AND AID IN KOREA”
US AND CUBA
•
1956 TO 1958: FIDEL CASTRO
WAGES LEADS GUERILLA
WARFARE AGAINST USBACKED DICTATOR BATISTA.
•
CASTRO CREATES COMMUNIST
GOVERNMENT.
Fidel Castro and Che Guevara
Source: www.mirror.co.uk
BAY OF PIGS INVASION 1961
US-backed invasion by anti-Castro Cubans. It failed.
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
•
USSR WANTED TO SEND
MISSILES TO CUBA.
•
TENSIONS ROSE. US BLOCKADE
OF CUBA.
•
SOVIETS FINALLY AGREE TO
WITHDRAW WEAPONS.
VIETNAM WAR (1964 TO
1975)
• 1954: VIETNAM DIVIDED IN
TWO AT 17º N AFTER FRENCH
DEFEAT.
• USSR SUPPORTS COMMUNIST
NORTH.
• US ARMS SOUTH.
Source:
https://wikis.nyu.edu/ek6/mod
ernamerica/uploads/Imperialis
m.ColdWarContainment/Vietna
m_War.jpg
• FIRST US COMBAT TROOPS
ARRIVE IN 1965.
• NORTH VIETNAMESE AND VIET
CONG (REBELS IN SOUTH
VIETNAM) FOUGHT GUERRILLA
WARFARE.
• THIS TYPE OF WARFARE
FAVOURED SURPRISE ATTACKS,
SABOTAGE, HIT AND RUN
TACTICS, ETC.
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common
s/9/9a/Marine-raiders.jpg
North Vietnamese Tunnels
Source:http://lh6.ggpht.com/7D4Ux9E2k1A/T_5HnRkeVGI/AAAAAAAAaD8/4y72pa5Vsbw/cu-chitunnels-20%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800
BOMBING CAMPAIGNS STARTING IN 1965
GROWING ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT
•
IN 1973, PARIS PEACE
ACCORDS WERE SIGNED.
•
FIGHTING CONTINUED UNTIL
1975 WHEN THE NORTH TOOK
THE CITY OF SAIGON IN SOUTH
VIETNAM.
Evacuation of CIA personnel on April 29th, 1975
WHY DID THE US GET INVOLVED IN THIS
CONFLICT?
•
•
THE U.S.A. WAS FOLLOWING A POLICY OF “CONTAINMENT”.
THIS MEANT THAT THEY WISHED TO KEEP COMMUNISM FROM
SPREADING; TO AVOID THE “DOMINO EFFECT”.
BEGINNING OF END FOR
SOVIET UNION
•
1979 TO 1989: SOVIET WAR IN
AFGHANISTAN.
•
SOVIETS WITHDRAW IN THE
END.
•
1980S: USSR LESS INVOLVED
IN SATELLITE COUNTRIES.
Mujahideen fighters in 1987.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_war_in_A
fghanistan
FALL OF SOVIET UNION
• 1985: STATE STARTS TO
RESTRUCTURE POLITICS AND
ECONOMY (“PERESTROIKA”)
• “GLASNOST”: OPENNESS TO
OUTSIDE (FOREIGN) INFLUENCE,
LESS CENSORSHIP.
• 1991: BORIS YELTSIN ELECTED
PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA; END OF
USSR
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm
ons/7/73/Boris_Yeltsin_21_February_19891.jpg