The Great Depression and the new deal

Election of 1832
Herbert Hoover (R)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
(D)

FDR
 Governor of NY
 Wife: Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR’s Campaign
 Balanced budget
 Social and economic reforms
 “Forgotten Man”
 New Deal

Election of 1832
 African Americans vote Democrat

FDR’s Inaugural Address
 http://www.history.com/topics/uspresidents/franklin-d-roosevelt/videos/inauguraladdress-franklin-d-roosevelt

“The First 100 Days”
 Hundred Days Congress
 Series of reforms trying to immediately help

New Deal
 3 R’s: Relief, Recovery, and Reform
 Progressive ideals:
 unemployment insurance,
 old-age insurance,
 minimum-wage regulations,
 conservation of natural resources,
 anti-child labor

New Deal
 http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/education/resources
/periodictable.html

The Banks
 National Banking Holiday: March 6-10, 1933
 Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC):
 Guaranteed $ in bank accounts up to $5,000

The Economy
 No more gold standard
 Modest inflation

Public Confidence
 Fireside Chats
 http://www.history.com/topics/uspresidents/franklin-d-roosevelt/videos/fdr-deliversfirst-fireside-chat

Jobs
 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
 Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
 Civil Works Administration (CWA)
 Public Works Administration (PWA)

Farmers
 Soil Conservation Act
 Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

Important Programs
 Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
 Federal Securities Act (Truth in Securities)
 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
 Social Security Act 1935 (urbanization)

Workers
 Committee for Industrial Organization
 Merged with AFL
 Formed Congress of Industrial Organizations

New Deal Criticisms
 Unconstitutional:
 Increased power of federal government
 President has legislative powers?
 Socialistic
 National Recovery Administration: “fair” business practices
 Schechter vs US: NRA unconstitutional b/c Congress regulating businesses not interstate trade

New Deal Criticisms
 Republicans: criticize for waste, experimentalism, and radicalism
 Election of 1836: FDR wins, South, blacks, urbanites, poor, farmers

20 th Amendment
 Shortened period from election to inauguration

Court Packing
 Roosevelt saw his reelection as support for his programs
 Supreme Court dominated by older, conservatives
 1837: Court-packing Plan- Pres could add a new Justice for every current Justice over the age of 70 who wouldn’t retire…

Reaction
 Lots of criticism
 BUT
 After, the Court started supporting Roosevelt’s policies…
 Owen Roberts