Cardiovascular Partners
Atherosclerosis pathogenic process
Stable Angina Etiology
Stable Angina Clinical Presentation (CP)
Prinzmetal Angina Etiology
Prinzmetal CP
Unstable Angina Etiology
Unstable Angina CP
Transmural Infarction
Subendocardial Infarction
Myocardial Infarction (microscopic
changes)
- 6-12 hrs
- 24 hrs-3 days
- 3-5 days
- 5-14 days
- 1 month
Complications of MI
Dressler Syndrome
Pulsus Paradoxicus Etiology
Pulsus Paradoxicus
MI Serum Markers
- 2 hours
- 4-6 hours
- 12-18 hours
- 5-7 days
- 10 days
Inflammation
Chronic coronary stenosis
Pain on exertion
Coronary artery spasm
Pain at rest
Disruption of a plaque with partial
thrombus
-Pain at rest and on exertion
-Crushing pain radiating to L arm
-Full thickness necrosis
-Single artery perfusion
-Plaque disruption -> thrombus
-Necrosis of 1/3 – ½ of the ventricle wall
-perfused by more than one artery
- Hemorrhage/coagulation necrosis
- Neutrophils
- Macrophages
- Granulation tissue (heart at weakest
point
- Scar
-Cardiogenic shock
-Contractile dysfunction
-Arrythmias
-Rupture -> cardiac tamponade
-Pericarditis
-Mural thrombus
-Ventricular aneurysm
-Rupture of Papillary Muscle
-Dressler Syndrome
-Autoimmune reaction
-Anti-myocardial
-Cardiac Tamponade
-Constrictive Pericarditis
-EKG positive signal
-NO pulse
-Myoglobulin (peaks at 12 hrs)
-Troponin/CK-MB
-Troponin/CK-MB/LD1
-Troponin/LD1
-LD1
Cardiology Partners 1
Ventricular Septal Defect Membranous
VSD Muscular
Atrial Septal Defect
Patent Ductus Arteriosus etiology
Coarctation of the Aorta pathology
Tetralogy of Fallot pathology
Tetralogy of Fallot (tetrad)
Persistent truncus arteriosus
R to L shunt
L to R shunt
No Shunt
Osler Nodes
Janeway lesions
Roth spots
Endocarditis Microemboli
Rheumatic Fever Major Jones Criteria
Pericarditis
Myocarditis
Endocarditis
Rheumatic Fever Labs
Mid-systloic click
Failure of the coushing to join septum
Septum reabsorption
-Excessive septum secundum
reabsorption or hypoplastic growth
-Patency of the ostium secundum
Maternal Rubella infection
-Narrowing of the aortic lumen
-Important to differentiate from pre or
post ductal
Rightward displacement of the
infundibulum septum
-VSD
-Subvalvular pulmonic stenosis
-Dextroposed aorta
-R ventricular hypertrophy
-Problem of neural crest cells/coushings
-Absent/ incomplete partitioning of the
truncus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
-VSD, ASD, PDA, Patent truncus
arteriosus
-TGA
-Coarctation of the aorta
-Pulmonary Stenosis
-Aortic Stenosis
-Infective Endocarditis
-Palms and fingers
-Painless microemboli
-Palms and soles
Retina microemboli
-Osler nodes
-Janeway lesions
-Roth Spots
-Pancarditis
-Arthritis
-Sydenham’s chorea
-Erythema Marginatum
-SubQ nodules
-Friction rub
-Stabbing pain
-CHF
-Cardiomegaly
Murmur
Positive Anti-streptolysin O test
Mitral valve prolapse
Cardiology Partners 2
Rheumatic Fever Microscopic Lesions
Anitschkow cells
Aschoff cells
Fibrinous Pericarditis
Myocarditis
Rheumatic Fever Mitral Valve
Endocarditis
Acute Endocarditis
Subacute Endocarditis
Marantic Endocarditis
Marantic Endocarditis Etiology
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
Carcinoid Heart Disease
Calcified Aortic Stenosis
Alpha actin mutation
Adhesive Mediastino Pericarditis
Constrictive pericarditis organisms
Constrictive pericarditis Presentation
Hemangiosarcoma of the liver
Glomus tumors
-Anitschkow cells
-Aschoff cells
Caterpillar nucleus
Giant cells with owl-eye nucleus
-Pancarditis
-Dressler Syndrome
-Uremic pericarditis
Aschoff bodies
-Fish mouth valve
-Mitral valve stenosis
-Verrucous at the line of closure of the
valve
-McCallum patch of the endocardium
-IVDA
-S. aureus
-Viridians strep
-HACEK (Haemophilus, Actinobacillus,
Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella)
-Non-infected endocarditis
-Sterile
-Lesions along the lines of closures of the
valves
-Trousseau sign
-Malignancies
-SLE
-Vegetations on both sides
-Positive hematoxylin bodies
-R heart
-Thick plaques
-Tricupsid valve
-Elevated Serotonin
-Present with syncope
-Common in the elderly and bi-valve
aortic valve
-Metastatic calcification
Dilated cariomyopathy
-Chronic pericarditis
-Complication: hypertrophy/dilation
-S. aureus
-TB
Distant and muffle heart sounds
-Polyvinyl chloride
-Tumors of glomus bodies at AV shunts
-Painful
-Distal digits
Cardiology Partners 3
Benign Tumors of the heart
L sided heart failure
R sided heart failure
Lab Heart Failure
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Mutation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Mutation
Acute Cor Pulmonale
Chronic Cor Pulmonale
-Myxoma
-Rhabdomyoma (associated with
tuberous sclerosis)
-Orthopnea
-Heart failure cells
-liver congestion -> LDH3
Elevated BNP
-Dystrophin mutation
-Alpha actin cardiac
-Cardiac Troponin T mutation
-Myosin binding protein
-b-ball player sudden death
Following massive PE
Hypertrophy of the R ventricle following
long standing lung disease
Cardiology Partners 4