Micro- and Macro- nutrients
 Required
health
for good
Micronutrients





Required in very small
daily amounts (mg)
< 0.005% body weight
Do not produce
energy (like water)
Co-factors with
enzymes
Vitamins and trace
minerals (Fe, Cu, F, Zn,
I, B, Co, Mo)
Macronutrients
 Required
in larger
amounts (> 0.005%
body weight)
 Proteins
 Fats
 Carbohydrates
 Minerals (Na, Mg,
K, Ca, P, S, Cl)
Vitamins




Required for
metabolism, good
health and proper
growth
Help in formation of
blood cells, hormones
nervous tissue
Fat soluble or water
soluble
Only Vitamin D can be
synthesised by body
Vitamin A (retinol)





Fat soluble primary
alcohol
Can be stored in body’s
fat, therfore not needed
to be eaten every day
Light sensitive
(conjugated system)
Required in production
of rhodopsin (in rods of
retina)
Can change
conformation of
molecules
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)





Water Soluble
Note hydrogen
attached to
electronegative O.
Can hydrogen bond
to water
Cannot be stored in
body fat
Regular intake is
required
Vitamin D
 Fat
or water soluble
?
 Fat soluble
 Body can
synthesise it
Causes of nutrient deficiencies
 Income
disparities
 Poor eating habits
 Limited food supply
 Famine
 Malnutrition not
helped by poor
sanitation, lack of
health sevices,
poor literacy rates
Examples of Micro-nutrient
deficiencies








Anaemia
Goitre
Xerophthalmia
Pellagra
Beriberi
Scurvy
Rickets
(take notes using
page 342)
Examplesof Macronutrient
deficiencies
 Marasmus
 Kwashiorkor
 Edema
 Fatigue
 Decreased
immunity
 Osteoporosis
 Cramps
Solutions to vitamin deficiency






Food rations
Adding nutrients to
food
Genetic modification
Nutritional
supplements
Selenium
supplements
Iron rich food
Questions
 Page
360