AP EURO
Unit #2 – Age of Absolutism
Lesson #7
Non-Absolutist States
Essential Questions
1. What made the Dutch so exceptional?
2. What caused the English to become a true
Republic?
Constitutionalist Government
• Absolute States:
– France, Spain, Austria, Russia
– What do they have in common?
• Non-Absolutist States:
– United Provinces, England
– What do they have in common?
– Republicanism: elected government, no king
STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
The Great Restoration
James I
1660
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
rap
Charles II
r.1660-1685
Cromwell died, and Parliament invited
Charles I son to return to England – they
restored the Stuarts to power.
James
The Test Act
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Stuarts restored to throne 1660
(Cromwell had died 1658)
Parliament fully restored (replaced “Rump”)
Some parliamentarians seemed rather Catholic
Parliament enacted TEST ACT 1673
– “do you believe in transubstantiation?”
• All non-Anglican religions made illegal
– Denied right to vote or hold public office, preach,
teach, go to university, even peaceably assemble
– William Penn – got grant for PA from Charles II
• What has this non-Catholic England come to
resemble?
Great Fire of London
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Destroyed 373 acres of the City
13,200 homes, 84 churches, 44 company halls
Raged for four days
Fewer than 10 people died
Rebuilding City killed more people
Charles II
• The Merry Monarch
• Had been a “guest” of Louis XIV 1650-1660
– (not in Versailles – that was started 1664)
• Charming, skillful
• Exhumed father’s both – sewed head back on
• Exhumed Cromwell’s body and desecrated
Charles II
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Determined to not be exiled
Refused to tax the people
Borrowed $$ from Louis XIV (cousin)
Charles “payback” was to just encourage
Catholicism in England
• Charles relaxed anti-Catholic laws
• Treaty of Dover
– England vs. Dutch (France sided with English)
STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Charles II
James II
No one liked James II, who was friends
with many Catholics.
James II
• Younger brother to Charles II
• (r. 1685-1688 – only 3 years)
• Openly friendly to Catholics
– Appointed Catholics to high posts and army officers
• Demanded Test Act repealed
– Parliament refused
• What was the REAL reason Parliament hated James?
STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
James I
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION was when
William and Mary were invited to invade
England by Parliament and claim the
throne from James II.
Charles I
His son would
never be king
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell
William III
Charles II
James II
Mary II
Anne
(Protestant)
(William and Mary would rule as joint
James
(Catholic)
Glorious Revolution
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William and Mary invited to “invade” England
James could not find supporters
Escaped to France
William & Mary chosen by Parliament
– Had to sign a BILL OF RIGHTS
• Parliament would vote on all taxes
• Monarchs would rule with consent of Parliament
• Monarchs were subject to law
– Had to agree to rule jointly
• What was so GLORIOUS about the Glorious
Revolution?
• John Locke – wrote Second Treatise to support
STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
When William and
Mary died, Anne
became queen.
James I
Charles I
Anne had no kids who
lived past infancy, so
the Stuart line died
with her.
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
William
James II
Mary
William III
Mary II
Anne I
James
(Catholic)
Answer one of these questions as the
opening paragraph to a good essay
1. Discuss how our American Revolution can
trace its roots to the English Civil War.
2. How did Elizabeth’s lack of an heir lead
indirectly to the English Civil War?
Your job:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Count off in your group (1-2-3-4)
Question 1 will be answered by 1s and 2s.
Questions 2 will be answered by 3s and 4s.
Write a full opening paragraph to your
question.
5. With the others in your group, find the
“best” example. It should:
1. Answer all parts of the question
2. Create a claim, and start to prove the claim
3. Be very VERY clear and analytical
Dutch Republic – the basics
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United Provinces
Officially recognized by Treaty of Westphalia
Rejected monarchial rule
Elected wealthy elite to STATES GENERAL
Stadholders – ceremonial functions
Wealth based on
– Frugality, hard work, thrift, modest living
– Sea trade
– Transporting goods
• Their unique character and focus was built on
rebellion from Spain for nearly a century, and
their belief they were right
Dutch Republic – sea faring
• Dominated ship building and transporting
• 16,000 ships in 1650
– Half of all ships in Europe
• GREAT investors and planners
– Steady supply of cheap grain from Poland
– Supplier of salted fish to Europe
– Supplier of textiles to Europe
– Bought whole forests in Norway, fields in Poland
– Bought in bulk – undercut everyone
– Amsterdam had something for everyone
– Fully tolerant
The Dutch – the character
• Prided themselves as focused, hard working,
thrifty, and not ostentatious.
• And tolerant, although very Protestant
• Welcomed the Puritan Separatists in 1607 – who
became the Pilgrims in 1620
• Detested men with too much power
• Proud of their wealth
• Dutch Reformed Church
• Usually stood… four hours
• Appealed to the very pious
• Describe this church… an impressions
What made the Dutch so
exceptional?
Dutch Republic
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Massive middle class
Urban society
Highest standard of living in Europe
Hoarded grain for times of famine
Dutch East Indian Company – 1602
– Government charted
– First company to sell stock
– 35% annual profits by 1630
Night Watch, 1642
Decline of the Dutch Republic
• Challenged by all other nations
• Naval Wars against England disrupted trade
• Others found other means for ships and
transportation
• When Dutch were done with wars, other
nations had found other suppliers