 Naming
Type I, Type II,
Type III and Type IV
Compounds
 Naming Acids
 Ionic
compounds
(monatomic cations & anions)
 Examples
–
◦Li2O = lithium oxide
◦AlN = ???
 Ionic
compounds
(variable charge cations and
monatomic anions)
 Examples –
◦CuCl = copper (I) chloride
◦PbS = ???


Same as Type I and Type IV except you have
to indicate what charge the variable charge
ion has!
For example:
◦
◦
◦
◦
FeO
Fe2O3
SnH2
SnBr4
=
=
=
=
iron (II) oxide (or ferrous oxide)
iron (III) oxide (or ferric oxide)
tin (II) hydride (or stannous hydride)
tin (IV) bromide (or stannic bromide)
 Covalent
compounds with only
nonmetals
Key… these are not compounds
of ions! That is why the rules are
so different.
 Examples
–
◦P3O5 = triphosphorus pentoxide
◦SO = ???
Number of atoms
1
2
3
4
5
6
Prefix
monoditritetrapentahexa-


Never use “mono” at the beginning of the
compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first
atom no prefix is necessary.
If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the
vowel at the start of the element name is
awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel
on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide,
tetroxide)
1.
Name 1st element: nitrogen
2.
Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide
3.
Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms
◦ 1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix
◦ 1 oxygen: mono-
◦ nitrogen monoxide
1.
2.
3.
Name the first element using the element
name: boron
Name the second element as if it were an
anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine)
Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms:
◦ 1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix
◦ 3 fluorine: tri-
◦ boron trifluoride
 Ionic
compounds
(polyatomic ions–mostly anions)
 Examples
–
◦K2SO4 = potassium sulfate
◦(NH4)2CO3 = ???



Charge practice:
http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions1.h
tml
Name/formula practice:
http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions.ht
ml
(Really tough ion/compound practice:
http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyatomic_
ions.html)



Acids = molecules that produce H+
ions in water
First recognized for the sour taste of
their solutions: e.g. citric acid in
lemons and limes is responsible for
that sour taste
An acid is an anion with one or more
H+ cations bonded to it that it can let
go of when dissolved in water.
If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…
HCl
1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic
after the “root” of the anion:
chloride
hydrochloric acid
How do you know it’s an acid?
If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…
HCN
1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix
–ic after the “root” of the anion:
cyanide
hydrocyanic acid
Is it an acid if it’s not dissolved in water?
Acids are ionic compounds beginning
with H that dissolve in water to form
a solution that we call an acid.
They are not often found/used in
their solid form so we prefer to name
them as acids in their solution form.
If the anion DOES contain oxygen…
H2SO4
2. Take the root name of the central
anion and add a suffix:
-ic when the anion ends in –ate
-ous when anion names in –ite
hydrogen sulfate should be called…
…sulfuric acid
If the anion DOES contain oxygen…
HNO2
2. Take the root name of the central
anion and add a suffix:
-ic when the anion ends in –ate
-ous when anion names in –ite
hydrogen nitrite should be called…
…nitrous acid
If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but
isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…
perchlorate
chlorate
chlorite
hypochlorite
HClO4
HClO3
HClO2
HClO
perchloric acid
chloric acid
chlorous acid
hypochlorous acid
per - used for anions with one
more oxygen than an ‘-ate”
hypo - used for anions with one
less oxygen than an ‘-ite”
If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but
isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…
perbromate
bromate
bromite
hypobromite
HBrO4
HBrO3
HBrO2
HBrO
perbromic acid
bromic acid
bromous acid
hypobromous acid
per - used for anions with one
more oxygen than an ‘-ate”
hypo - used for anions with one
less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

NO Oxygen


Always:


Hydro[anion root]ic
acid
Ex’s: HF, HS, HN
hydrofluoric acid,
hydrosulfuric acid,
hydronitric acid
CONTAINS Oxygen
What is the key anion?
How many oxygens does
it have compared to the
“-ate” or “-ite”?
(prefix)[anion root](suffix)
acid
Ex’s:
HNO3,HNO2,HNO,
HNO4
nitric acid, nitrous acid,
hyponitrous acid,
pernitric acid