Ancient Egyptian
gods/goddesses
Ra (Re) 'Sun' Appearance:
•Man w) hawk head & headdress w) sun disk
Sun god.
Most important god of ancient
Egyptians.
Ra (Re) was swallowed every night by the
sky goddess Nut, & reborn every morning.
Traveled through the underworld at night.
In the underworld, Ra (Re) appeared as a
man with the head of a ram.
Amun Appearance:
•Man with a ram-head
•Man wearing an ostrich plumed hat
One of most powerful gods in ancient Egypt.
At height of Egyptian civilization he was called
the 'King of the Gods'.
Important throughout Egyptian history.
When Amun was combined with the sun god
Ra(Re) he was even more powerful. Amun-Ra.
A large and important temple was built at Thebes
to honor Amun.
Anubis Appearance:
•Man with a jackal head
•A jackal
god of embalming and the dead
Since jackals were often seen in cemeteries, the
ancient Egyptians believed that Anubis watched
over the dead.
Helped to embalm Osiris after he was killed by
Seth.
Watched over the process of mummifying people
when they died.
Priests often wore a mask of Anubis during
mummification ceremonies.
Hapy Appearance:
•Man with a pot belly, shown with water plants
god of the innundation.
Especially important ancient Egyptians
because he brought the flood every year.
Flood deposited rich silt on the banks of the
Nile, allowing the Egyptians to grow crops.
Isis Appearance:
•Woman w) headdress in the shape of a throne
•A pair of cow horns with a sun disk
Protective goddess.
She used powerful magic spells to help people in need
Isis was wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus.
Since each pharaoh was considered the 'living
Horus', Isis was very important.
Isis is often shown holding Horus on her lap. Isis
is associated with thrones because her lap was the
first 'throne' that Horus sat upon.
This amulet is called the 'Isis knot' and is
a symbol of protection.
Horus “The One Far Above” Appearance:
•Man with the head of a hawk
•A hawk
god of the Sky
Most well-known as protector of the ruler of Egypt.
Egyptians believed pharaoh was the 'living Horus'.
Many different beliefs about Horus.
Common belief: Horus was son of Isis & Osiris.
After Osiris was murdered by his brother Seth, Horus
fought with Seth for the throne of Egypt.
In this battle, Horus lost one of his eyes. The eye was
restored to him and it became a symbol of protection for
the ancient Egyptians. After this battle, Horus was chosen
to be the ruler of the world of the living.
Ma'at Appearance:
•Woman with a feather on her head
•A feather
goddess of truth, justice & harmony
Associated with the balance of things on earth.
Ma'at was the daughter of the sun god Ra (Re).
Pharaohs frequently shown in wall reliefs making
offering of Ma'at to the gods-showing that they
are preserving harmony & justice on earth.
The vizier--in charge of the law courts--was
known as the 'priest of Ma'at'.
Ma'at: Weighing of the Heart
Ancient Egyptians believed the heart recorded
all of the good and bad deeds of a person's life,
and was needed for judgment in the afterlife.
After a person died, heart was weighed against
the feather of Ma’at (goddess of truth and
justice).
The scales were watched by Anubis (the jackalheaded god of embalming) and the results
recorded by Thoth (the ibis-headed god of
writing).
If a person had led a decent life, the heart
balanced with the feather and the person was
rendered worthy to live forever in paradise
with Osiris.
Osiris Appearance:
•A mummified man wearing a white conelike headdress with feathers
god of the dead & ruler of the underworld
Brother/husband of Isis, and the brother of
Nepthys and Seth. He was also the father of
Horus.
As well as being a god of the dead, Osiris
was a god of resurrection and fertility. In
fact, the ancient Egyptians believed that
Osiris gave them the gift of barley, one of
their most important crops.
Seth Appearance:
•Man with the head of a 'Seth animal' (unidentifiable)
god of chaos
Represented everything that threatened harmony
in Egypt.
Brother of Osiris and Isis, as well as the
brother/husband of Nepthys.
He murdered his brother Osiris, then battled with
his nephew Horus to be the ruler of the living.
At times in Egypt, Seth associated w) royalty.
Bes Appearance:
•Dwarf with lion and human features
•Dwarf wearing the skin of a lion
Protector of pregnant women,
newborn babies & the family.
Believed that Bes protected against
snake & scorpion bites.
Amulets of Bes were popular at all
levels of Egyptian society.
Nut Appearance:
•Woman whose body arches
across the sky, wearing a dress
decorated with stars.
Sky-goddess--body created a vault or canopy
over the earth.
Sister/wife of Geb, the god of the earth.
Also mother of Isis, Osiris, Nepthys & Seth.
Believed that at the end of the day, Nut swallowed
the sun-god, Ra(Re), & gave birth to him again the
next morning.
Geb Appearance:
•Man lying down below arch of
the sky goddess Nut
•Man with a goose on his head
god of the Earth – husband/brother of the
sky goddess Nut.
Also father of Osiris, Isis, Nepthys and Seth.
When Seth and Horus fought for the throne of
Egypt, Geb made Horus the ruler of the living.
Believed that earthquakes were Geb's laughter.
Shu 'He Who Rises Up' Appearance:
•Man wearing headdress w) feathers
•A lion
god of the Air
Shu held up the figure of Nut so that the
earth and the sky were separated.
Aten Appearance:
•A sun disk with rays which end in hands
A form of the sun god Ra (Re)
During reign of Akhenaten, the Aten was made the
'king' of the gods.