TISSUES
TISSUES
DEFINITION:
A GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS
THAT ARE SPECIALIZED TO PERFORM A
SPECIFIC FUNCTION.
4 PRIMARY TISSUE TYPES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
EPITHELIAL(covers and lines organs)
CONNECTIVE (connects parts of the body)
MUSCLE (movement)
NERVOUS
Tissue Outline
• 1. Epithelial
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Glandular epithelium
2. Connective Tissue
– Connective Tissue Proper (loose/areolar CT,
adipose, reticular CT, Dense CT, Elastic CT)
– Cartilage
– Bone
– Blood
– Lymph (book doesn’t classify)
3. Muscle
– Striated
– Smooth
– Cardiac
4. Nervous
– (no sub tissue just lots of cells like neurons,
neuroglial etc).
1. Epithelium
Covers or lines organs.
2 WAYS TO CLASSIFY
EPITHELIA
BY NUMBER OF LAYERS:
SIMPLE HAS ONE LAYER
STRATIFIED HAS 2 OR MORE LAYERS
Skin is an
example
BY THE SHAPE OF THE CELL:
SQUAMOUS - FLATTENED
CUBOIDAL- CUBE SHAPED
COLUMNAR - BRICK SHAPED
Identify the tissue type. (See next slide
for answer)
?
Stratified cuboidal
epithelium.
2. Connective Tissue
Connects the parts of the body.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• THE MOST ABUNDANT OF THE PRIMARY
TISSUES
FUNCTIONS:
• BINDING & SUPPORT, PROTECTION,
INSULATION, TRANSPORTATION
CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBCLASSES
a. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER (Binding,
Supporting, Protection, Insulation and Transportation
CT)
b. CARTILAGE (Supporting CT)
c. BONE (Supporting CT)
d. BLOOD (Fluid CT)
e. LYMPH (Fluid CT)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
Types - Review
•
•
•
•
•
Loose CT (aerolar)
Dense CT
Adipose
Reticular CT
Elastic Ct
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
Loose – Fibers create loose, open
framework between organs, beneath
the skin and between muscles.
• Dense – Fibers densely packed, found in
tendons and ligaments
• Adipose – Cells called Adipocytes. They
store lipids which are a reserve of energy.
Collectively they assist in thermoregulation
(body temperature) and in some places like
around the kidney/behind the eyeball
provide some cushioning.
adipose
tissue
stored fat
nucleus
• Reticular CT – Consists of thin, branched
collagenous fibers. This tissue supports the
walls of the liver, spleen, and lymphatic
organs.
• Elastic CT – composed of elastic fibers. It
gives an elastic property to hollow internal
organs (ex. Blood vessels and lungs)
Connective Tissue Proper – The
Cells
–
–
–
–
–
Fibroblasts –
MacrophagesAdipocytesMesenchymal cellsMelanocytes• Melanin-
– Mast cells– Lymphocytes– Microphages-
Connective Tissue Proper – The
Tissue Fibers
•
•
•
•
Collagen fibersReticular FibersElastic FibersGround Substance-
CARTILAGE (supporting
CT)
Not quite as strong as bone
LOCATIONS: external ear and epiglottis,
fetal skeleton, growth plates, larynx,
trachea, rib cage.
CARTILAGE
Types of Cartilage
• Hyaline cartilage-
• Elastic Cartilage• Fibrocartilage-
BONE (supporting CT)
provides support for soft tissues of the body
LOCATION: BONES
HAVERSIAN
CANAL
HAVERSIAN
SYSTEM
LAMELLAE
OSTEOCYTE
BLOOD (Fluid Connective
tissue)
Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes,
antibodies, and hormones
There are 3 types of blood cells:
RBC- carries oxygen
WBC- functions in immunity
Platelet- important in blood clotting
LOCATION: BLOOD VESSELS
RBC
red
blood
cell
PLATELET
WBC
White
blood cell
Lymph (Fluid Connective tissue)
• Lymph
Muscle
• Striated Muscle- Also called skeletal muscle
– attached to bone – for movement -usually
voluntary
• Smooth Muscle- in the walls of hollow
organs ex. Intestine - involuntary
• Cardiac Muscle-only in the heart. It is
striated also but connected by intercalated
discs. Involuntary also.
Nervous
• Complete text questions pg.143-162 Wed.
• Complete text questions for pg. 163-165 for
Friday.
• http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/ct.ht
m#adipocytes
• http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/
histo/frames/h_frame3.html
• http://www.austincc.edu/histologyhelp/tissu
es/tn_elas_ct.html