The Renaissance
The word Renaissance means rebirth
and it is the name given to a cultural
movement which began in Italy
around 1350 and spread to the rest of
Europe by 1600
Reasons the Renaissance began in Italy
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Italy was the centre of the old Roman empire.In
towns ruins were visible and were a constant
reminder of the great achievements of their
ancestors
Forum
Coluseem
Reminder of the great
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THEIR
ANCESTORS
Aquaduct
Italy was the crossroads of trade
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Italy lies in the centre of
the Med. And in the
C14th trade between east
and west Europe passed
through Italy.Italians
were in contact with
eastern cultures and new
ideas.
In 1453 the Turks captured Constantinople in Greece
.As a result hundreds of
wealthy greeks fled to Italy and brought with them old manuscripts and art. This
helped create an interest in art and literature
Italy was made up of independent states, each ruled by wealthy rulers.These rulers
were willing to spend their money on architecture, hire artists to decorate their
houses. They were called patrons.
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Lorenzo de Medici
Ruler of Florence
He spent vast amounts of
money buying and
translating old
manuscripts, employing
painters ,architects and
sculptors.
A Patron was a wealthy person who hired artists to
paint their potrait, decorate their homes, design
churches etc
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patron
Pope Sixtus 1V He hired artists
To decorate the Sistine chapel
Renaissance paintings were more realistic
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Artists cut up human bodies so their paintings would be
more realistic – this interest in the human body led to
the painting of nudes, shocking to medieval people
Renaissance artists used perspective in their paintings
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Perspective gives a painting depth
MEDIEVAL ARTISTS SHOWED MORE EMOTION ON
THEIR SUBJECTS FACES.
The Mona Lisa
Medieval artists painted on canvas instead of
wood
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They used oil paints which dried slowly
and allowed artists change their work.
They used strong bright colours
Many renaissance paintings were frescos-a
painting done directly onto wet plaster
Painted on the wall of a convent in Milan by Leonardo
Michelangelo
The story of the creation
Of the world
From the Bible
Artists used Sfumato [shading] to make it more
realistic
Artists blend their subjects
Into the background by
Blurring the edges of the
Hair and clothing
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Born in Vinci near Florence
Apprenticed to Verrocchio
Accepted into Florence artists guild and worked for
Lorenzo de Medici.
He went to Milan and compiled a notebook full of designs
for helicopters, submarines. parachutes. He was an
inventor way before his time.
The Flying machine
In Milan he painted
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The Virgin on the rocks
What painting techniques can
You see?
Sfumato – the transition from light
To shade
Perspective - depth
Note the smile on her face
Perspective
Sfumato
Potrait
No eyebrows – is it
finished?
Situated in the Louvre
Paris. It has her own room
Behind bullet proof glass
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Let's begin with an easy one. Who was the famous painter who created the masterpiece of "Mona Lisa"?
Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci painted the "Mona Lisa" from 1503 to 1506 in Italy. In addition to being a talented painter, he was an inventor and a scientist.
Where does the painting hang today?
The Louvre Museum in France. Though painted in Italy, since the 16th century, when she came into the possession of Francois I, King of France, she has remained in that
country. She currently hangs in the famous Louvre museum, where she has been since 1804 and now has her own room.
What was the real name of the woman who posed as "Mona Lisa"?
Lisa Gherardini Giocondo. Lisa Gheradini Giocondo was about 25 when she posed for Leo's painting. She was the daughter and wife of wealthy men and it is believed her
husband paid Leo for her to be painted. She started as Mia Donna Lisa (my lady Lisa) and it got shorted to Monna Lisa. Due to a spelling error in English it is now known as
"Mona Lisa". She is called "La Giocondo" in Italian and "La Joconde" in French. (By the way, 'materassino ad aria' is Italian for air mattress.)
What was the "Mona Lisa" painted on?
poplar wood panel. da Vinci used oil paints on a poplar wood panel. The panel is 30 inches tall and about 20 inches wide.
When was the "Mona Lisa" stolen?
1911. Employee Vincenzo Peruggia smuggled her out under his smock when he was in the room alone in the Louvre. Two years later, in 1913, she was returned after he
attempted to sell the painting in Florence.
Was the "Mona Lisa" insured when she was returned after being stolen?
n. The "Mona Lisa" is valued as a priceless item and is not insured.
Approximately how many people visit the "Mona Lisa" each year?
6 million. Over 6 million people visit the Louvre every year and the "Mona Lisa" is viewed by nearly all of them.
During World War II, was the "Mona Lisa" taken out of the museum for her safety?
y. The Louvre actually boarded up almost all of the works of art and sent them away by train to protect them during the war.
One of the reasons that the "Mona Lisa" is considered such an amazing painting is due to the revolutionary new technique Leonardo used. What was it?
blending light and shade. The blending of light and shade Leonardo used is called sfumato.
Other artists have made many reproductions and alterations to the painting. Who was the artist that added a mustache and goatee on "Mona Lisa"?
Marcel Duchamp. He added this to a postcard in 1919 bearing the "Mona Lisa" and it became his most famous painting.
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Famous artist and
sculptor
At 13 apprenticed to
Ghirlandaio
Invited by Lorenzo to
join his school for
sculptors
Supposed to represent David
Immediately before his battle
With Goliath
5m high
White marble
Statue of the dead Jesus
lying in the arms of Mary
White marble
Damaged in 1972
The story of the Creation
Of Man
The Last Judgment
Pope Julius 11 tomb
The central figure is
Moses
Renaissance Artist outside Italy
1. He was the son of a Hungarian goldsmith based in Nuremberg
in southern Germany but after 3 years studying his fathers
trade he decided to become a painter
2. He became an apprentice at the age of 15 and learnt painting
and wood and copper engraving skills.
3. He did engravings in wood called Woodcuts, which were then
inked over and used to illustrate books.
4. With the help of a mirror he painted a self- portrait, the first
done by a Renaissance artist.
5. He also painted landscapes not just as a backdrop but for
their own sakes.
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The Great piece of
turf
He is considered one of the first
European landscape artists
due to his
watercolours
He had some beautiful nature studies
Note the detail.
You can see every
Whisker and hair
You can almost feel the
Texture of his fur
Little Owl
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A small owl, warm ,
meek and gentle.
Shows character and
lovely textures
Renaissance Writers
His plays are divided into
Comedies. Tragedies.
histories
Born Stratford on
Avon
1564
Actor
Poet
Playwright
Married
Anne Hathaway
Involved in the Globe
Theatre
All 38 plays were
Performed there
The Theatre had no roof.
It was burnt down in 1613 and rebuilt
In 1997.
Shakespeare's plays can be divided into
Romeo and Juliet
Hamlet
A Midsummers Nights Dream
Julius Caesar
Henry V
He is famous for his Sonnets
ie 14 line poems, mostly about love
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Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore,
So do our minutes hasten to their end,
Each changing place with that which goes before
In sequent toil all forwards do contend.
Nativity, once in the main of light,
Crawls to maturity, wherewith, being crowned,
Crooked eclipses 'gainst his glory fight
And Time that gave, doth now his gift confound.
Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth,
And delves the parallels in beauty's brow,
Feeds on the rarities of natures truth,
And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow;
And yet, to times, in hope, my verse shall stand,
Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.
Francesco Petrarch
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Born in Florence 1304
He wrote several important books in Latin on a wide variety of
subjects eg Concerning Famous Men- dealt with the achievements
of men of the past especially the Greeks and Romans.
He wrote poems to a woman called Laura . This collection of 14
line sonnets was called the Canzoniere. They were written in Italian
ie in the vernacular.ie the language of the people.
Niccolo Machiavelli
- The Prince
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Middle Ages
Knowledge of medicine was poor
Galen was a Greek physician who dissected animals to
try to understand more about the human body.,
therefore all his findings were not correct. He believed
blood came from the liver and the liver pumped it
around the body.
The catholic church thought it was wrong to dissect
bodies so there was very little advances in medicine.
Father of modern anatomy
He studied medicine and became a professor of
anatomy
He dissected bodies himself to see how they
worked
He wrote a 7 volumne book “On the structure of
The human body “ including 270 pictures of bones,
Muscles, heart and brain.This was a detailed and
Accurate study of the human body.
He proved blood is pumped around the
Body by the heart. He proved Galen incorrect