Periodic Table
Unit 3
Vocabulary
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Atomic Symbol
Valence electron
Orbital
Electron Shell
Energy Level
Valence shell
Atomic Number
-reflects the # of protons in the
nucleus and electrons in the
electron cloud of a balanced
atom of that element.
ATOMIC NUMBER = # OF PROTONS
& ELECTRONS
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
-the sum of the protons and the
average number of neutrons
Atomic Mass
# of Neutrons
Atomic Mass (rounded to
nearest whole number)
minus # of protons
AM -
+
p
=N
AM-P=N Example
Atomic Symbol
Putting it all together
Atomic
Number
Element
Symbol
Atomic
Mass
Electron Orbitals
aka
Electron Shells
aka
Energy Levels
-the location and the path
around the nucleus where
an electron can be found
-the amount of energy
carried by an electron in an
atom
Energy Level
Maximum # of Electron’s each level can hold
8 e-
8 e-
Nucleus
2 e-
Nucleus
Valence Shell
-the outermost shell of an atom in
its uncombined state
-all atoms want their valence
shells filled.
Valence Electron
• electrons located in the
valence shell
• # of valence e- will determine
the reactivity of the atom.
• The more Valence e’s the
more stable and HAPPY
(Noble Gases)
• The less valence e’s the more
reactive and EXPLOSIVE or
UNHAPPY (Alkali Earth
Metals)
Dmitri Mendeleev
• a Russian chemist
and inventor
• formulated the
Periodic Law
• created a version
of the periodic
table of elements
• predict the
properties of
elements yet to
be discovered
Periods
• A row of elements in the
periodic table whose elements
change gradually and
predictably.
– 7 periods
– Period # = # of shells
•Period 1 = 1 shell
•Period 2 = 2 shells
•Period 3 = 3 shells
•Etc, etc
Periods
Groups (Families)
• Columns in the Periodic Table
that contain elements that
have similar physical or
chemical properties.
– 18 groups
– Elements have same # of
valence e•Ex. Group13 has 3 valence
e-
Groups
Metals
• An element that
has luster, is
malleable,
ductile, and is a
good conductor
of heat and
electricity
• Most are solids
– Some are liquids
(Mercury and
Neptunium)
• 91 metals
Nonmetals
-Gases or brittle solids
-Poor conductors
-Only 17 nonmetals
-include elements vital to life
(P,C,O,I, N, S)
Sulfur
Chlorine
Carbon
Metalloids
-an element that shares some
properties with metals and
some with nonmetals.
-6 metalloids
Silicon
Color Your Period
Table
I. Label the periods. (1-7)
II. Label the groups. (1-18)
III. Color metals blue.
IV. Color non-metals yellow.
V. Color metalloids green.
VI. Create a key to show what
each color represents.
Group 1(Alkali Metals)
-Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
-1 valence e-very reactive metals (except Hnon-metal)
Li
Na
Sodium
Potassium
Lithium
Rubidium
Cesium
Group 2 (Alkaline
Earth Metals)
-Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
- 2 valence e-very reactive metals (less reactive
than group 1)
Mg
Be
Magnesium
Calcium
Barium
Radium
Beryllium
Strontium
Group 13 (The Boron
Family)
• B, Al, Ga, In, Tl
• 3 valence e• All metal except B (metalloid)
B
AL
Group 14 (The Carbon
Family)
•
•
•
•
•
C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
4 valence eNonmetals: C
Metalloids: Si, Ge
Metals: Sn, Pb
C
Si
Group 15 (The
Nitrogen Family)
•
•
•
•
•
N, P, As, Sb, Bi
5 valence enonmetals: N, P
Metalloids: As, Sb
Metal: Bi
P
N
Group 16 (The Oxygen
FAMILY)
-O, S, Se, Te, Po
-6 valence e-nonmetals: O, S, Se
-Metalloids: Te, Po
S
Group 17 (The
Halogen/Halides Family)
• F, Cl, Br, I, At
• 7 valence e• All nonmetal except At
(metalloid)
• “salt-formers”
F
Cl
Bromine
Fluorine
Chlorine
Iodine
Group 18 (The Noble
Gases)
• He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
• Full Valence shells=Stable
• Rarely combine with other
elements
He
Transition Elements
• Groups 3-12
• All metals
• Include the Inner Transition
Elements
– Lanthanide Series
– Actinide Series
Halogens
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Noble Gases
Transition Elements
Inner Transition Elements