ANCIENT EGYPT
Héctor Fernández
4 Year
A IS FOR
AFRICA
Africa is the continent on wich Egypt is located.
Africa is the world´s second-largest and second-mostpopulation continent.
This continent is separated from Asia and Europe by the
Mediterranean Sea.
B IS FOR
BES
He was an ancient Egyptian dwarf god. He was a complex
being who was both a deity and a demonic fighter. He was a
god of war, yet he was also a patron of childbirth and the
home, and was associated with humour, music and dancing.
C IS FOR
CANOPIC JARS
Over many years the embalming practices changed and
embalmers began returning internal organs to bodies after
the organs had been dried in natron. However, solid wood or
stone canopic jars were still buried with the mummy to
symbolically protect the internal organs.
• Imsety the human-headed god looks after the liver.
• Hapy the baboon-headed god looks after the lungs
• Duamutef the jackal-headed god looks after the stomach
• Qebehsenuef the falcon-headed god looks after the
intestines.
D IS FOR
DEATH
The ancient Egyptians had an elaborate set of burial
customs that they believed were necessary to ensure
their immortality after death (the after life). These
rituals and protocols included mummifying the body,
casting of magic spells, and burial with specific grave
goods thought to be needed in the Egyptian afterlife.
E IS FOR
EGYPT
Egypt, a country linking northeast Africa with the Middle
East, dates to the time of the pharaohs. Millennia-old
monuments still sit along the fertile Nile River Valley,
including the colossal Pyramids and Sphinx at Giza and
the hieroglyph-lined Karnak Temple and Valley of the
Kings tombs in Luxor. The capital, Cairo, is home to
Ottoman landmarks such as Muhammad Ali Mosque
F IS FOR
FLOODS
The flooding of the Nile has been an important natural
cycle in Egypt since ancient times. It is celebrated by
Egyptians as an annual holiday for two weeks starting
August 15, known as Wafaa El-Nil. Ancient Egyptians
believed that the Nile flooded every year because of Isis's
tears of sorrow for her dead husband, Osiris.
G IS FOR
GODS AND
GODDESSES
They represented one principle aspect of the world: Ra was the
sun god, for example, and Nut was goddess of the sky. The
characters of the gods were not clearly defined. Most were
generally benevolent but their favor could not be counted on.
Some gods were spiteful and had to be placated. Some, such as
Neith, Sekhmet, and Mut, had changeable characters. The god
Seth, who murdered his brother Osiris, embodied the
malevolent and disordered aspects of the world
H IS FOR
HIEROGLYPHICS
Egyptian hieroglyphs ,were a formal writing system
used by the ancient Egyptians that combined
logographic and alphabetic elements. Egyptians used
cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus
and wood. Less formal variations of the script, called
hieratic and demotic, are technically not hieroglyphs.
I IS FOR
ISIS
Jump to Classical Egyptian period - In the typical form of
her myth, Isis was the first daughter of Geb, god of the
Earth, and Nut, goddess of the Sky, and she was born on
the fourth intercalary day.
J IS FOR
JEWELS
The ancient Egyptians highly valued personal adornment,
and jewelry was worn by both men and women of all social
classes. Statues of kings and gods were adorned with lavish
jewels, and the deceased were sent off into the afterlife
ornamented in the jewelry of the living.
K SI FOR
KHUFU
Khufu was the second pharaoh in the Fourth Dynasty of
the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt. His full name was
Khnum Khufu ("protected by Khnum"). Manetho called
him Suphis although he was known to the Greeks as
Cheops. According to the Turin Kings list Khufu reigned
for about twenty three years.
L IS FOR
Linen
Linen is a cloth ancient Egyptians made. They used it
for clothing and to wrap their bodies in as they were
made into mummies after they died. It takes about
seven weeks to mummified someone. Only priests and
royalty were mummified because it was so expensive
and time consuming
M IS FOR
MUMMIES
To understand Egyptian mummies you have to first know
about their religious beliefs. Ancient Egyptians believed in
many gods and that when a person died they passed into an
‘afterlife’. The thought that the individual would have a life
that was very close to the one that they lived in with
everyone else. In order to have that kind of life, their body
needed to be preserved and they needed to be buried with
all of the possessions that they would take with them on
their journey into the afterlife.
N IS FOR
NILE
The Nile is famous as the longest river in the world. The
river got its name from the Greek word Neilos, which
means valley. The Nile floods the lands in Egypt, leaving
behind black sediment. That's why the ancient
Egyptians named the river Ar, meaning black.
O IS FOR
OSIRIS
Osiris was the god of the dead, and ruler of the
underworld. Osiris was the brother/husband of Isis,
and the brother of Nepthys and Seth. He was also the
father of Horus. As well as being a god of the dead,
Osiris was a god of resurrection and fertility.
P IS FOR
PYRAMID
The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped
masonry structures located in Egypt.
The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the
pharaohs and their queens. The pharaohs were buried in
pyramids of many different shapes and sizes from before
the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the end of the
Middle Kingdom.
Q IS FOR
QUEEN CLEOPATRA
Queen Cleopatra was the most famous of all Ancient
Egyptian queens.
Queen Cleopatra, often simply called “Cleopatra,” was
the last of a series of rulers called the Ptolemies who
ruled Egypt for nearly 300 years. She was also the last
true pharaoh of Egypt.
R IS FOR
RA
Ra was the sun god. He was the most important god
of the ancient Egyptians. The ancient Egyptians
believed that Ra was swallowed every night by the sky
goddess Nut, and was reborn every morning. The
ancient Egyptians also believed that he travelled
through the underworld at night.
S IS FOR
SPHINX
The Sphinx of Giza is a symbol that has represented
the essence of Egypt for thousands of years. Even
with all of the pictures that we see of the Sphinx,
nothing can really prepare you for the time that you
finally see the Sphinx with your own eyes. Here's a
look at the Sphinx that will give you a hint of what you
can expect to see if you visit Egypt.
T IS FOR TOMB
Tombs were places where the ancient Egyptians buried
their Kings,the Pharaohs, with his prized possesions such
as jewelry, funerary statues, and items that would aid him
afterlife.
U IS FOR
UNDERWORLD
The ancient Egyptians believed that before a person could get to
the afterlife, that they had to pass through the underworld. The
underworld was a place that was full of terrifying monsters and
dangerous animals. A person would need magic to successfully
overcome these threats.
The ancient Egyptians chose spells to take with them on their
journey. The spells were chosen from a group of spells known as
the Book of the Dead. The spells were then written on a papyrus
scroll which was buried with them in their tombs.
V IS FOR
VALLEY OF THE KINGS
This is the place king Tut´s tomb was found. So far 62
tombs have been found here. Sadly, many of the tombs
had been robbed before being found in modern times.
The tombs originally contained statues, hieroglyphics,
canopic jars and jewels in addition to the body king in a
sarcophagus.
W IS FOR
WEAPONS
The Old Kingdom had soldiers equipped with a
great variety of weapons: shields, spears, cudgels,
maces, daggers, bows and arrows. Quivers and
battle axes came into use before the second
Intermediary Period, which was a time of
revolution in the Egyptian martial arts.
X IS FOR
EXTREMELY HOT
North Africa's landscape is covered by the world's largest hot
desert
the Sahara is massive Arid climate makes it a strange place
for a large population of people. Most of the Sahara is too
harsh for people to live. The Nile Valley, coastal areas, and
the rare oases (plural for oasis) provide the only places that
can support life. An oasis is an area of natural water in a
desert that allows plant life. The Nile is the world’s longest
river.
Y IS FOR
YEARS
The civilization of Ancient Egypt was one of the
earliest in world history. It is usually held to have
begun around 3000 BC, when the lower Nile Valley
became unified under a single ruler. By this date the
only other people in the world to have a a literate,
urban civilization were the Sumerians, in
Mesopotamia.
Z IS FOR
ZIGGURAT
Ziggurats were massive structures built in the ancient
Mesopotamian valley and western Iranian plateau, having
the form of a terraced step pyramid of successively
receding stories or levels.
Notable ziggurats include the Great Ziggurat of Ur near
Nasiriyah, Iraq; the Ziggurat of Aqar Quf near Baghdad,
Iraq; the now destroyed Etemenanki in Babylon (possibly
the inspiration behind the biblical story of the Tower of
Babel); Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān, Iran; and Sialk near
Kashan, Iran.
Websides i used for the project
• ww.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/bes.html
• http://www.ancient-origins.net/opinion/did-ancient-egyptians-know-distancebetween-inner-planets-001841
• http://www.wikipedia.org/
• http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/