Nomeclature
One name for each substance,
one substance for each (valid)
name
If it is a…
•
The nomenclature rules depend on what
type of substance. There are several
systems.
1. Ionic compounds
2. Covalent compounds
3. Acids
If it is a…
•
The nomenclature rules depend on what
type of substance. There are several
systems.
1. Ionic compounds—begins with a metal
2. Covalent compounds—no metals
3. Acids—begins with H
Ionic compounds:
Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
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MgO
BaCl2
Na2SO3
NiBr3
Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Ionic compounds:
Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
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•
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MgO
BaCl2
Na2SO3
NiBr3
Fe2(CrO4)3
magnesium oxide
Not “oxygen”
Name the ions
Ionic compounds:
Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
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MgO
BaCl2
Na2SO3
NiBr3
Fe2(CrO4)3
magnesium oxide
barium chloride
Not “dichloride”
Name the ions
Ionic compounds:
Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
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MgO
magnesium oxide
BaCl2
barium chloride
Na2SO3
sodium sulfite
NiBr3
Fe2(CrO4)3 Look it up!
Name the ions
Now, wait a minute
• Two comounds of bromine and nickel are
possible.
NiBr3 and NiBr2
• You can’t call them both nickel bromide
• Transition element ions are written with a
Roman numeral to show the charge.
Now, wait a minute
NiBr3 and NiBr2
• The (-) ion tells you the charge on the
metal.
• 3 x -1=-3Nickel has a +3 charge
• 2 x -1=-2Nickel has a +2 charge
Ionic compounds:
Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
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•
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MgO
BaCl2
Na2SO3
NiBr3
Fe2(CrO4)3
magnesium oxide
barium chloride
sodium sulfite
nickel (III) bromide
Name the ions
Ionic compounds:
Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
•
•
•
•
•
MgO
BaCl2
Na2SO3
NiBr3
Fe2(CrO4)3
magnesium oxide
barium chloride
sodium sulfite
nickel (III) bromide
iron (III) chromate
Name the ions
Ionic compounds:
Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
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NaBr
K2O
(NH4)2CO3
FeS
CrI3
Ionic compounds:
Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
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•
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NaBr
K2O
(NH4)2CO3
FeS
CrI3
sodium bromide
potassium oxide
ammonium carbonate
iron (II) sulfide
chromium (III) iodide
Warnings
• Group metals (group 1 and 2 and
aluminum) do not get a Roman numeral
• Count your charges to get the transition
element charge. The Roman numeral is
part of an ion’s name
• Watch out for Hg+2 vs Hg2+2, O-2 vs O2-2
Ionic compounds:
Name to formula
• Balance your charges
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Lithium chloride
calcium bromide
Aluminum sulfate
cobalt (II) oxide
nickel (III) nitrite
Ionic compounds:
Name to formula
• Balance your charges
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Lithium chloride
calcium bromide
Aluminum sulfate
cobalt (II) oxide
nickel (III) nitrite
LiCl
CaBr2
Al2(SO4)3
CoO
Ni(NO2)3
Warnings
• Use () when you double or triple a
polyatomic ion
• Balance your charges
Prefixes (Back of your chart)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
MonoDiTriTetraPentaHexaHepta-
8. Octo9. Nona10. Deca11. Undeca12. Dodeca13. Trisdeca…
20. Icosa-
PS—Hydrated salts
• Hydrated salts are written with • x H20
• They are named with (prefix)hydrate
• For example:
Cobalt (II) chloride dihydrate = CoCl2• 2H20
Covalent compounds:
Formula to name
• Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes
(ends in –ide)
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N2S5
CCl4
P2O5
BF3
Covalent compounds:
Formula to name
• Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes
(ends in –ide)
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N2S5
CCl4
P2O5
BF3
dinitrogen pentasulfide
carbon tetrachloride
diphosphorus pentoxide
boron trifluoride
Warnings
• First element is named, second one ends
in “–ide”
• An “a” or “o” is dropped from the prefix
before “–oxide”
• The “mono-” prefix is omitted on the first
atom
Covalent compounds:
Name to formula
• Write the atoms, prefixes become
subscripts
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nitrogen trichloride
Arsenic trioxide
Bromine monochloride
Xenon tetrafluoride
Covalent compounds:
Name to formula
• Write the atoms, prefixes become
subscripts
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nitrogen trichloride
Arsenic trioxide
Bromine monochloride
Xenon tetrafluoride
NCl3
AsO3
BrCl
XeF4
Acids
• If the anion name
•
ends in….
then the acid name
is…
Acids
•
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If the anion name
ends in….
--ide
(hypo--) --ite
--ite
--ate
(per--) –ate
then the acid name
is…
Hydro___ic acid
Hypo___ous acid
___ous acid
___ic acid
Per ___ic acid
Acids
Formula to name
• HI is _________acid
• HBrO4 is _________acid
• H2CO3 is _________acid
• H2SO3 is ________acid
• HClO is ___________acid
Acids
Formula to name
• HI is hydroiodic acid
• HBrO4 is perbromic acid
• H2CO3 is carbonic acid
• H2SO3 is sulfurous acid
• HClO is hypochlorous acid
Acids
Name to formula
• ____is hydrocyanic acid
• ____ is periodic acid
• _____ is phosphoric acid
• _____ is nitrous acid
• ____ is hypoiodous acid
Acids
Name to formula
• HCN is hydrocyanic acid
• HIO4 is periodic acid
• H3PO4 is phosphoric acid
• HNO2 is nitrous acid
• HIO is hypoiodous acid
What is the name?
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K2S
CrO3
CaSO4•2H2O
Pb(C2H3O2)2
CuI2
What is the name?
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K2S
CrO3
CaSO4•2H2O
Pb(C2H3O2)2
CuI2
Potassium sulfide
Chromium (VI) oxide
Calcium sulfate dihydrate
Lead (II) acetate
Copper (II) iodide
What is the formula?
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Gold (I) chloride
Lithium oxide
Iron (II) cyanide
Potassium chlorate
Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate
What is the formula?
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Gold (I) chloride
AuCl
Lithium oxide
Li2O
Iron (II) cyanide
Fe(CN)2
Potassium chlorate
KClO3
Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate
Ni(NO3)2•6H2O
What is the name?
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N2O3
P4O6
Cl2O
XeF2
BrF5
What is the name?
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N2O3
P4O6
Cl2O
XeF2
BrF5
dinitrogen trioxide
tetraphosphorus hexoxide
dichlorine monoxide
xenon difluoride
bromine pentafluoride
What is the formula?
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Phosphorus trihydride
Dinitrogen monoxide
Bromine monochloride
Xenon trioxide
Iodine heptafluoride
What is the formula?
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Phosphorus trihydride
Dinitrogen monoxide
Bromine monochloride
Xenon trioxide
Iodine heptafluoride
PH3
N 2O
BrCl
XeO3
IF7
What is the name?
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H3PO4
H2SO3
HClO3
H2CrO4
HCN
What is the name?
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H3PO4
H2SO3
HClO3
H2CrO4
HCN
phosphoric acid
sulfurous acid
chloric acid
chromic acid
hydrocyanic acid
What is the formula?
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Hypochlorous acid
Hydrobromic acid
Oxalic acid
Nitrous acid
Perchloric acid
What is the formula?
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Hypochlorous acid
Hydrobromic acid
Oxalic acid
Nitrous acid
Perchloric acid
HClO
HBr
H 2C 2O 4
HNO2
HClO4
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuS
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuS
Do you get it?
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
Copper (I) sulfide
CuS
Copper (II) sulfide
Do you get it?
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
Copper (I) sulfide
CuS
Copper (II) sulfide
Do you get it?
What is the formula?
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Oxygen gas
Calcium metal
Solid phosphorus
Fluorine gas
Argon gas
What is the formula?
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Oxygen gas
Calcium metal
Solid phosphorus
Fluorine gas
Argon gas
O2
Ca(s)
P4
F2
Ar
What is the name?
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Mn(s)
H2
I2
S8
Br2
What is the name?
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Mn(s)
H2
I2
S8
Br2
manganese metal
hydrogen gas
solid iodine
solid sulfur
liquid bromine
Name these compounds
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Common Name Chemical Formula
a. Sugar of lead
Pb(C2H3O2) 2
b. Blue vitrol
CuSO4
c. Epsom salts
MgSO4•7H2O
d. Milk of magnesia
Mg(OH) 2
e. Gypsum
CaSO4
f. Laughing gas
N 2O
Write the formula
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Sulfur difluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sodium dihydrogen
phosphate
Lithium nitride
Chromium (III)
carbonate
Tin (II) fluoride
• Ammonium acetate
• Ammonium hydrogen
sulfate
• Cobalt (III) nitrate
• Mercury (I) chloride
• Potassium chlorate
• Sodium hydride
What is the name?
NaCl
RbBr
CsF
AlI3
HI
NO
NF3
N2F4
N2Cl2
SiF4
H2Se
HNO3
HNO2
H3PO4
H3PO3
NaHSO4
Ca(HSO3)2
Ru(NO3)3
V2O5