Physical
Education and
Activity for
Kids
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Sponsored by
Human Kinetics &
The University of North Texas
Developed by The UNT Department of
Kinesiology, Health Promotion, & Recreation
UNT Department of Kinesiology,
Health Promotion, & Recreation
Faculty involved in PEAK
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Karen Weiller, Ph.D.
Scott Martin, Ph.D.
James Morrow, Jr., Ph.D.
Allen Jackson, Ed.D.
Miguel Perez, Ph.D.
Patsy Caldwell, Ed.D.
www.coe.unt.edu/khpr/ProjectPEAK/PEAKindex.htm
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Topics Covered
• Physical Activity and Health
• Minority Issues Related to Physical Activity
and Health
• Teaching Physical Education to Promote
Physical Activity
• Changing Directions
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Physical Activity and Health
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The Importance of Physical
Activity 460 BC to 1996
"Eating alone will not keep a man well; he
must also exercise..." -- Hippocrates (460-370 BC)
"...we can team up to create a new
physical activity movement in this country.
In doing so, we will save precious
resources, precious futures, and precious
lives. The time for action - and activity - is
now.” -- Donna E. Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human
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Services, 1996
Who Recommends Physical
Activity for Health
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American Academy of Pediatrics
American Cancer Society
American College of Sports Medicine
American Diabetic Association
American Heart Association
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Surgeon General of the United States
World Health Organization
and many others...
Surgeon General
Comment
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"Given the numerous benefits of
physical activity, the hazards of being
inactive are clear. Physical inactivity is a
serious, nationwide problem. Its scope
poses a public health challenge for
reducing the national burden of
unnecessary illness and premature
death.”
Physical Activity and Exercise
Should Lead to Improved Health
Related Physical Fitness
• Cardiorespiratory endurance
• Body fatness
• Musculoskeletal fitness
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Physical Activity Patterns in
Young Children are Not Good
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Physical Activity Patterns in
Adolescents and Young Adults
Physical Activity Levels of Adolescents and
Young Adults, by Age and Sex
Males
Females
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10
13
14
15
16
17
Age
18
19
20
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Which Leads to Lower
Cardiovascular Endurance Levels
in Adolescents (Especially Girls)...
One-Mile Run Passing Rates
Fitnessgram Standards
Males
Females
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11
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10
11
12
13
Age
14
15
16
17
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...and Increased Body Fatness as
Children Age
Skinfold Comparison
NHESII With NCYFSII
1965 Boys
1985 Boys
1965 Girls
1985 Girls
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12
7
8
Age
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Healthy People 2000
• National Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention Objectives
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1995 Midcourse Review of
Healthy People 2000 Objectives
• Bad news for Physical
Education and Physical
Activity
• Failure to make progress
toward physical education
and activity objectives
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U.S. Surgeon General Comments
• "Daily enrollment in physical education classes has
declined among high school students from 42% in
1991 to 25% in 1995”
• "Only 19% of all high school students report being
physically active 20 minutes or more in daily physical
education classes.”
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• "Interventions targeting physical education...school
can substantially increase the amount of time
students spend being physically active in physical
education class.”
Good Physical Education
Programs Emphasize
• Enjoyment
• Positive attitudes
• Health benefits
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Physically Active Children and
Adolescents Tend to be
Physically Active Adults
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Overweight adolescents tend to be
overweight adults
Quality Physical Education and
Regular Physical Activity in
Childhood and Adolescence
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Improves strength and endurance
Helps build healthy bones and muscles
Helps control weight
Reduces anxiety and stress and
increases self-esteem
• May improve blood pressure and
cholesterol levels
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U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (March, 1997)
Minority Issues Related to
Physical Activity and Health
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Minority Issues Related to
Physical Activity and Health
• Physical inactivity has been found to negatively
affect the health status of minority groups in the
U.S.
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Physical Activity
Among Minorities
• In a national study, Blacks and Hispanics
were more likely than Whites to have used a
bicycle in the last week.
• Minority young women are less likely than
other groups to be physically active.
• Whites are more likely than other groups to
do strength exercises.
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Market Physical Activity
Programs as Recreational
Activities
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Promote Team and Individual
Activities
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Promote Outdoor Activities
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Provide a Safe Environment
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Teaching Physical Education to
Promote Physical Activity
 Developmentally
Appropriate
 National Standards
 Foundations of Personal
Fitness
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Developmentally Appropriate
Physical Education
• Developed by Council on Physical
Education for Children (COPEC,
1992)
• Identify appropriate practices for
children’s physical education
programs
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Purpose of COPEC
Document
• Provide guidelines for teachers,
parents, administrators, policy makers
• Identify practices appropriate for
children’s physical education programs
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What is a Physically Educated
Person?
• NASPE (1990)
– HAS learned physical skills
– DOES participate regularly
– IS physically fit
– KNOWS implications/benefits
– VALUES physical activity
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Appropriate Practices
• Concept development
• Movement education/framework basis
• Variety of locomotor, non-locomotor &
manipulative skills
• Scope & sequence; goals & objectives
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Appropriate Fitness
Development
• Value & importance of fitness
• Ongoing process of physical
health & well-being
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Fitness Development
• Developmentally Appropriate
– contribution of fitness to a
healthy lifestyle
• Developmentally Inappropriate
– participation in fitness activities
required with little understanding
of relationship presented
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Physical Fitness Tests
• Developmentally Appropriate
– part of ongoing process of physical
health & well-being
– test results shared privately
• Developmentally Inappropriate
– tests given as requirement
– lack of application
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Why is This Important to Me?
• Recognizing best practices for children
• Integrating curriculum (e.g., TAAS,
TEKS)
• Application of COPEC document for
programming
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National Standards for Physical
Education
Identify What A Physically
Educated Person Can Do
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Can Do Many Activities and is
Proficient in a Few
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Team sports
Individual sports
Dance
Outdoor activities
Fitness activities
Aquatics
Knows How to:
• Maintain a healthy
level of physical
fitness.
• Learn new motor
skills.
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Exhibits a Physically Active
Lifestyle
• Enjoyment of
participation is
demonstrated by
involvement in
physical activities
outside of physical
education classes.
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Achieves and Maintains a
Healthy Fitness Status
• This includes:
– Knowledge of
concepts and
principles of health
related fitness.
– Skills needed to
change one’s level of
fitness.
– Commitment to an
active lifestyle.
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Demonstrates Responsible
Behavior in Activity Settings
• Teamwork
• Sportsmanship
• Plays by the rules
• Positive social
interaction
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Respects Differences Among All
People
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Skill level
Culture
Race
Physical
characteristics
• Disabilities
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Understands Benefits of Physical
Activity
• Challenge
• Self-expression
• Social interaction
• Fun
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Contributions of Standards to
Local Schools
• Describes a physically educated person
• Provides K-12 benchmarks for
achievement
• Suggestions are made for assessment
of skills, knowledge, and attitudes
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Foundations of Personal Fitness
A New Requirement for High School
Students
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A Stairway to Lifelong
Participation in a Healthy and
Active Lifestyle
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Content Includes:
• Knowledge about:
– disease prevention
– physiological
principles of exercise
– relationship between
body composition
and nutrition
– designing a personal
exercise program
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Content Includes:
• Participation in:
– Weight training
– Varied aerobic
activities
– Assessment of
personal fitness
– A personal fitness
program
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Content Includes:
• Laboratory
Activities:
– for analysis of
nutritional status
– development of
fitness goals
– analysis of health
benefits of consumer
products
– assessment of health
related fitness
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Changing Directions
It’s not up to you alone!
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Who Can Help Promote Lifelong
Physical Activity?
• Everyone Can
– Parents or Guardians
– Teachers and Coaches
– School Administrators and Board Members
– Students
– Community Sports and Recreation
Program Coordinators
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Guidelines for Promoting
Lifelong Physical Activity Among
All People
• Provide time for quality physical education
and activity
• Individualize activities
• Participate in a variety of physical activities
• Focus instructional feedback on process,
not product
• Be an active role model
• Teach positive approaches to lifetime
activity
• Promote activity in a variety of settings
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Action Tips
• Physical activity is
good for the health
status of the
population.
• Physical activity
helps increase
physical stamina.
• Physical activity
enhances mental
health.
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Action Tips
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• Provide an
environment
conducive to
physical activity.
• Encourage friendly
competition and
cooperation.
• Promote the
development of
confidence in young
adults.
Action Tips
• Be a role model.
Exercise with your
children.
• Encourage
participation through
extended after
school programs.
• Involve health care
providers.
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References
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References
• Corbin, C.B., & Pangrazi, R.P. (1997) Guidelines
for appropriate physical activity for elementary
school children. Council for Physical Education
for Children.
• Fardy, P.S., White, R.E., Clark, L.T., Amodio, G.,
Hurster, M.H., McDermott, K.J., & Magel, J.R.
(1995). Health promotion in minority adolescents:
A Healthy People 2000 pilot study. Journal of
Caridopulmonary Resuscitation, 15(1), 65-72.
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References
• Lewis, C.E., Raczynski, J.M., Heath, G.W.,
Levinson, R., Hilyer, J.C., & Cutter, G.R. (1993).
Promoting physical activity in low-income
African-American communities: The PARR
Project. Ethnicity and Disease, 3(2), 106-118.
• Myers, H.F., Kagawa-Singer, M., Kumanyika,
S.K., Lex, B.W., & Markides, K.S. (1995).
Behavioral risk factors related to chronic diseases
in ethnic minorities. Health Psychology, 14(7),
613-621.
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References
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• National Association for Sport and Physical
Education. (1995). Moving Into the Future
National Physical Education Standards: A Guide to
Content and Assessment. St. Louis: Mosby.
• Pate, R.R., Heath, G.W., Dowda, M., & Trost, S.G.
(1996). Associations between physical activity and
other behaviors in a representative sample of US
adolescents. American Journal of Public Health,
86 (11), 1577-1581.
• Rainey, D., & Murray, T. (1997). Foundations of
Personal Fitness. St.Paul: West Publishing
References
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
(1996). Healthy people 2000: Midcourse review
and 1995 revisions. Washington, DC: Government
Printing Office.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
(1996). Physical activity and health: A report of the
Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, National Center for
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
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References
• Zakarian, J.M., Hovell, M.F., Hofstetter, C.R.,
Sallis, J.F., & Keating, K.J. (1994). Correlates of
vigorous exercise in a predominantly low SES and
minority high school population. Preventive
Medicine, 23(3), 314-321.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Human Kinetics
and the College of Education at the
University of North Texas for their financial
support. Also, a special thanks is extended to
Patrick Baley and P. Jason Leslie for their
technical assistance in the development of
Project Peak and Connie Martinez for
translating Project PEAK into Spanish.
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Focus Group Assessment
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Focus Group Assessment
The purpose of this project is to develop a multimedia,
motivational package designed to demonstrate the value of
lifetime physical activity and the role physical education plays
in maintaining healthy and active lifestyles.
Please respond to the following questions about this
multimedia presentation.
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 Does this media presentation meet the stated objective?
Yes
No
comments:
 What did you like about the media presentation?
 What did you not like about the media presentation?
 Identify changes/additions which you believe would
better address the stated project purpose.