WedNesday January
th
11
2012
 QU: How did you study for this test?
**Turn in chapter review and binder**
**Word Search due tomorrow**
 OBJ: Ch 7 Cellular Respiration Test
“Currently, there are about 50,000 wolves in Canada; 6,500 in Alaska; and
3,500 in the lower 48 States. In Europe, Italy has fewer than 300; Spain
around 2,000; and Norway and Sweden combined have fewer than 80.
There are about 700 wolves in Poland and 70,000 in Russia.”
Thursday January
th
10
2013
 QU: Why do plants have leaves?
*Chapter 8 Test Next Thursday (Jan 17)*
*Turn word search in to homework bin*
**Quiz Tomorrow on the Packet from today**
 OBJ: Anatomy of A Leaf Notes, Structure of a Cholorplast
In the few signatures that have survived, Shakespeare spelled his name “Willm
Shaksp,” “William Shakespe,” “Wm Shakspe,” “William Shakspere,” ”Willm
Shakspere,” and “William Shakspeare”—but never “William Shakespeare.”
Syringa Leaf
Tulip Bottom Epidermis
Chloroplast Structure (cont.)
 Thylakoids: disk-shaped sacs where the light
reactions occur.
 Think pancakes (yummmm) with hollow insides
 Granum: Name for a stack of thylakoids

Think pancake house…stacks of pancakes with hollow insides
Chloroplast Structure
 Thylakoid: gets it’s strength from the molecules in it’s
membrane!
 Contains Chlorophyll: Pigment that gives chloroplast
its green color and captures light energy
Chloroplast Structure
 Stroma: Thick fluid enclosed by the inner membrane.
 Where the Calvin Cycle Occurs (yaaay another cycle)
Photosynthesis
 From Ch. 7 we know that
 Heterotrophs receive their energy from Autotrophs.


Heterotrophs eat for food to make energy
Autotrophs can’t stand up and put food into their mouths
 They have to MAKE their own food (glucose for energy)!!
**They also create all of the energy that you and I must have**
Tools of the autoroph…
 Autotrophs use:
 Carbon Dioxide---From the environment
 Water---From the environment
 Sunlight---From the environment
 Their Leaves---(This is the “auto” part)
**The CO2 enters through the leaves**
How does the CO2 get in the leaf?
 Stomata (singular stoma): Tiny holes on the bottom
side of the leaf.
 Let in Carbon Dioxide
 Release Oxygen
**Why is it important that the stoma is on the bottom
of the leaf?**
Stomata (cont.)
 Located on bottom surface of the leaf in order to avoid
direct sunlight.
 The holes allow for evaporation too much heat allows
for too much loss of water.
 Guard Cells: Surround stomata and regulate opening
size to help “guard” against transpiration.
Check List
 Things the autotroph needs checklist:
 Carbon Dioxide: Enters through Stomata
 Water:
 Sunlight:
So we have CO2 we need H20
 The plant brings H2O in through veins (phloem) from
its roots
Check List
 Things the autotroph needs checklist:
 Carbon Dioxide: Enters through Stomata
 Water: Brought via veins from plants’ roots
 Sunlight:
How do we capture sunlight?
 Have to go alllll the way back to the unit on Cells!!
 What organelle does a plant cell have that an animal cell
does not???
Well…Chloroplasts of course!
 Chloroplast: Organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
**Its structure is key to its function**
So we have dealt with the reactants….
 NOW what about the products?
 Oxygen: Where does it go when its produced?
 Glucose: Where does it go/what does it do?
Friday January
th
11
2013
 QU: What is the point of photosynthesis?
*Start your Midterm Review*
*Photosynthesis Test Next WedNesday*
 OBJ: Quiz, Photosynthesis Notes
What exactly is Photosynthesis?
 Photosynthesis: process by which producers convert
energy of sunlight into the energy stored in organic
molecules.
 It is an endogenic (uses energy), anabolic (builds a larger
molecule) reaction resulting in the production of glucose and
oxygen.
6Carbon Dioxide+6Water+LightGlucose+6Oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light  C6H12O6 + 6O2
When does Photosynthesis occur?
 An autotroph completes photosynthesis when it needs
food for energy (growth and repair)
 There are two steps of photosynthesis
 1. The Light Reactions: Need light to occur
 2. The Calvin Cycle: Do not need light (usually occurs
during the day)
Where does Photosynthesis occur?
 In the chloroplasts

What layer of the leaf contains the most chloroplasts and
completes photosynthesis?
 Light Reactions: Occur in the membrane of thylakoids
 Calvin Cycle (Dark Reactions): Occurs in the stroma
The Light Reactions
►In the thylakoid membranes
►Convert light energy to the
chemical energy of ATP and
NADPH.
►The light reactions use the
reactant water from the equation
and release the product oxygen.
The Calvin cycle
►In the stroma
►Uses ATP and NADPH to convert
carbon dioxide to sugar
Inputs and Outputs (Reactant and Products)
►With each turn of the Calvin cycle,
there are chemical inputs and
outputs.
►The inputs are carbon dioxide
from the air and the ATP and
NADPH produced by the light
reactions.
Calvin Cycle Inputs
►The Calvin cycle uses carbon from
the carbon dioxide, energy from
the ATP, and high-energy electrons
and hydrogen ions from the
NADPH.
Calvin Cycle Outputs
►Is an energy-rich sugar molecule.
That sugar is not yet glucose, but a
smaller sugar named G3P.
►The plant cell uses G3P as the raw
material to make glucose and other
organic molecules it needs.
Flow of Energy
►By converting light energy to
chemical energy, photosynthesis is
the first step in the flow of energy
through an ecosystem.
Some of that chemical energy then
passes from producers to consumers.
Even when people eat meat, you can
trace its stored energy back to
photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the ultimate source of
all the food you eat and all the oxygen
you breathe.
►The energy produced by the sun
reaches the earth as electromagnetic
radiation.
►Examples: Radio waves, microwaves,
visible light, and x rays
►Energy travels in particles
Visible light
►A very small part of this spectrum can
be seen by the human eye
►Called visible light.
Almost all life depends ultimately on
this part of the spectrum for its
energy.
Monday January
th
14
2012
 QU: What is the equation for cellular respiration? For
Photosynthesis?
*Chapter 8 Test WEDNESDAY(Jan 16)*
 OBJ: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Tuesday January
 QU:
Name of Stage
th
15
2012
Does it require light?
Location of Stage
Thylakoid Membrane
No
**Chapter 8 Test Tomorrow**
**Chapter Review Due WedNesday**
**Binder Due Day of Midterm**
 OBJ: Review of Photosynthesis
“Because the expansion of the railroad in the 1800s allowed
more people to visit the sea side, the railroad was a major
factor in creating a need for swimwear.”
Binder Organization Sheet
Subject: Ch. 8 Photosynthesis
Name:___________
1.)Syllabus
2.)Ch. 8 Word Search
3.) Anatomy of a Leaf Note Packet
4.)Photosynthesis Hand Written Notes
5.) Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheet
6.) Photosynthesis Graphic Organizer and Practice Quiz
**Binder Due Day of your Midterm**
“Four times in the history of presidential elections, the
candidate who won the most popular votes has not been
elected president. This occurred in the 1824, 1876, 1888, and
2000 elections.”
WedNesay January
th
16
2013
 QU: How did you study for this test?
**Turn in Ch 8 Review**
**Binder Due Day of your Midterm**
 OBJ: Ch 8 Photosynthesis Test
“Much has been written about the coincidences between
assassinated Presidents Kennedy and Lincoln, including
the fact that Lincoln was in Box 7 at Ford’s Theatre and
Kennedy was in Car 7 of the Dallas motorcade.”
Thursday January
st
21
2011
 QU: Which topic/chapter are you the strongest at? The
weakest?
 OBJ: Station Review
“According to the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations,
Shakespeare wrote about one-tenth of the most
quotable quotations ever written or spoken in English.”
Friday January
 QU:
Element
# protons
th
20
2012
#electrons #neutrons Atomic
Number
Atomic
Mass
9
**Binder Due Day of your Midterm**
 OBJ: Review for Final
“President Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) was reportedly involved in over 100
duels, most to defend the honor of his wife, Rachel. He had a bullet in his
chest from an 1806 duel and another bullet in his arm from a barroom fight
in 1813 with Missouri senator Thomas Hart Benton.”
Recap of All Photosynthesis
Visible Light and the ETC